Digital Commons Network^™

Green Carbon Dots In The Era Of Ai: Sustainable Synthesis, Intelligent Drug Delivery, Advanced Diagnostics, And Bioimaging, Emi̇ne Sezer, Fulden Ulucan Karnak, Si̇nan Akgöl

Turkish Journal of Biology

Background/aim: Green carbon dots (GCDs) are a rapidly developing class of nanomaterials that are revolutionizing various scientific disciplines due to their unique optical properties, low toxicity, and sustainable synthesis. This review offers a comprehensive roadmap for the field, emphasizing the synergy between GCDs and artificial intelligence (AI).

Materials and methods: We begin by detailing the sustainable synthesis of GCDs, highlighting green chemistry principles and the transformative role of AI in optimizing their production. Subsequently, we explore the critical characterization of GCDs, including their structural, optical, and biocompatibility assessment. The core of this study explores the diverse biomedical applications of GCDs, …

Applications Of Transfer Learning In Sunflower Disease Detection: Advances, Challenges, And Future Directions, Yonis Gulzar

Turkish Journal of Biology

Background/aim: Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) is a crop of high economic and nutritional importance that continues to suffer significant yield losses due to foliar diseases. Traditional image-based and laboratory detection techniques remain limited by subjectivity, cost, and scalability. Transfer learning (TL) has recently emerged as an effective approach to overcoming these challenges involving the reuse of pretrained deep models for plant pathology tasks. Presented here is a systematic examination of recent TL-based studies on sunflower disease classification to identify prevailing trends, research gaps, and future opportunities.

Materials and methods: A structured Scopus query was employed to retrieve peer-reviewed articles published between …

Principles Of Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture For Building Resilient And Resource-Efficient Food Systems, Ramazan Çakmakçi, Songül Çakmakçi, Muhammet Fati̇h Çakmakçi

Turkish Journal of Biology

As the demand for greater quantities of higher-quality food grows with population expansion, climate change, urbanization, and unsustainable agricultural practices accelerate the loss of arable land, ultimately threatening agricultural sustainability. Population growth necessitates a transition to nutritious, safe, and healthy food production systems that ensure higher yields, less reduced waste, improved social outcomes, and the integration of economic, social, and environmental sustainability principles. Urgent global challenges such as resource depletion, biodiversity loss, and climate change necessitate the protection of ecosystems and the sustainable use of natural resources. Agricultural systems must enhance food production and supply productivity, strengthen system resilience, and …

Artificial Intelligence In Medical And Biological Research: Promise And Perils Of Chatgpt And Deepseek In Advancing Healthcare, Mahmut Enes Kayaalp, Onur Gülteki̇n, Serhat Akçaalan, Hami̇t Çağlayan Kahraman, Hüseyi̇n Nevzat Topçu, Gülşah Kavrul Kayaalp

Turkish Journal of Biology

Background/aim: Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and DeepSeek, is being increasingly applied in clinical care, research, and education. The aim of this review is to examine how these tools may transform the conduct of medical and biological research and to define their limitations.

Materials and methods: A narrative synthesis of the literature was performed, encompassing studies published between 2020 and 2025. Peer-reviewed journals, systematic reviews, and high-impact original research articles were included to ensure an evidence-based overview. The principle applications, validation metrics, and clinical implications across orthopedics, oncology, cardiology, internal medicine, and the biological …

A Systematic Review Of Machine Learning In Heart Disease Prediction, Tathagat Banerjee, İshak Paçal

Turkish Journal of Biology

Background/aim: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of global mortality, prompting the need for advanced predictive tools. While machine learning (ML) offers a powerful solution, there are significant challenges to clinical translation. This systematic review synthesizes the current state of ML in heart disease prediction, evaluating algorithmic performance, data utilization, and key translational challenges.

Materials and methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of literature published up to 2025 was conducted. From an initial pool of over 2500 records, a rigorous screening process yielded 65 studies for in-depth qualitative synthesis.

Results: Analysis showed that ensemble learning models dominate prediction …

Flavonoids And Phenolic Compounds: A Promising Avenue For Neurodegenerative Disease Therapy, Tesli̇me Özge Şahi̇n, Özge Cemali̇, Merve Özdemi̇r, Şeri̇fe Ayten, Duygu Ağagündüz

Turkish Journal of Biology

Background/aim: Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and ALS are characterized by a progressive loss of nerve cells, for which no definitive cure currently exists. These conditions share common pathological mechanisms, including chronic neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Flavonoids and other plant-derived phenolic compounds have recently attracted attention for the treatment of such conditions due to their antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties. This review explores the neuroprotective mechanisms of flavonoids and evaluates their potential for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

Materials and methods: A literature search of the Web of Science, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases …

Hsa_Circ_0001776 Regulates The Progression Of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Through The Mir-1269b/Pten Axis, Yaoyao Wang, Xiancong Yang, Simin Rong, Xiaoxu Lan, Chenhui Ti, Weimiao Sun, Baohui Yin, Youjie Li, Yunxiao Sun

Turkish Journal of Biology

Background/aim: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant neoplasm arising from bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells. It is a common subtype of childhood leukemia and remains challenging to cure. Emerging evidence suggests that circular RNAs (circRNAs), a class of noncoding RNAs, play key regulatory roles in tumor biology. Among their various functions, circRNAs often act as ‘sponges’ for microRNAs (miRNAs), modulating gene expression posttranscriptionally. This study investigates the functional role and clinical relevance of hsa_circ_0001776 in AML.

Materials and methods: Three AML cell lines and 22 peripheral blood samples were analyzed. Differential expression analysis of circRNAs in a GSE dataset …

Royal Jelly With Ellagic Acid Inhibits The Glycolytic Pathway And Induces Apoptosis Through Multiple Pathways In Colorectal Cancer, Tuğba Kul Köprülü

Turkish Journal of Biology

Background/aim: Developing novel chemotherapeutics with high anticancer efficacy and low toxicity remains a critical challenge in oncology. Natural products have shown promise due to their multitargeted activity and favorable safety profiles. The present study investigates the combined anticancer effects of royal jelly (RJ) and ellagic acid (EA), two potent antioxidants of animal and plant origin.

Materials and methods: Royal jelly (RJ) and ellagic acid (EA) were applied to HT29 (ATCC HTB-38, Human colorectal adenocarcinoma), HCT116 (ATCC CCL-247, Human colorectal carcinoma) and BEAS-2B (ATCC CRL-3588, human bronchial epithelium) cell lines, and their antiproliferative effects were evaluated using a xCELLigence Real-Time Cell …

Differential Modulation Of Cisplatin Efficacy By Montelukast Sodium And Desloratadine In Lung Cancer, Seha Akduman, Büşra Yüksel, Di̇dem Teci̇mel, Ömer Faruk Bayrak, Di̇dem Seven, Fi̇kretti̇n Şahi̇n

Turkish Journal of Biology

Background/aim: Despite advances in treatment, achieving effective and durable responses with chemotherapy remains a significant challenge in lung cancer management. This study investigates the effects of montelukast sodium (MLS) and desloratadine (DES), alone and in combination with cisplatin (CIS), on cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle distribution, and antioxidant gene expression in A549 and DMS114 lung cancer cell lines.

Materials and methods: Cells were treated with CIS, MLS, DES, and their combinations for 24–72 h. Cell viability was assessed via MTS assay; apoptosis and cell cycle progression were analyzed by flow cytometry. The expression of antioxidant-related genes (GPX4, GSR, GCLC) was …

Evaluating Sh-Sy5y Cells As A Dopaminergic Neuronal Model: Morphological, Transcriptomic, And Proteomic Insights, Eylül Ece İşlek Camadan, Mehmet Sarihan, Murat Kasap, Gürler Akpinar, Eli̇fcan Koçyi̇ği̇t

Turkish Journal of Biology

Background/aim: The SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line is a popular in vitro model for neurodegenerative disease research, especially Parkinson’s disease (PD) research, but its use is complicated by limitations like the persistence of neuroblastoma-like features, unstable differentiation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cellular stress. To address these limitations, this study tested a blended, nine-day differentiation protocol that sequentially applied all-trans retinoic acid (RA), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dbcAMP). By evaluating key neuronal, dopaminergic, and PD-related markers, the research aims to determine if these differentiated SH-SY5Y cells are a suitable model for studying PD.

Materials and methods: A blended …

Tumor-Specific Cytotoxicity Of Pyrazole-Based Chalcone Derivatives In Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines, Mehtap Tuğrak Sakarya, Hali̇se İnci̇ Gül, Hiroshi Sakagami, Junko Nagai, Yoshihiro Uesawa, Kenjiro Bandow

Turkish Journal of Biology

Background/aim: Pyrazole-based chalcone hybrids are notable in medicinal chemistry for their potential biological activity, although their tumor-specific cytotoxicity and mechanisms remain unknown in OSCC cells. This first study of pyrazole-chalcone hybrids in OSCC cells explores the tumor-selective cytotoxic effects and underlying cell death mechanisms triggered by a series of 10 newly synthesized pyrazole-based compounds (MS1MS10) in OSCC cell lines. Material and methods: The cytotoxic effects of the compounds were assessed using the MTT assay on four human OSCC cell lines and three types of normal human oral cells. The tumor-selectivity index (TS) and potency-selectivity expression (PSE) were calculated, and active …

The Effects Of The Combined Use Of Carbon Quantum Dots And Antibacterial Agents On Pathogenic Bacteria, Derya Doğanay, İbrahi̇m Serkan Avşar, Şevval Maral Özcan Aykol, Gamze Çamlik, Besa Bi̇lakaya, İsmai̇l Tuncer Deği̇m

Turkish Journal of Biology

Background/aim: This study evaluates the challenges associated with overcoming antimicrobial resistance and innovative approaches to combat multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections.

Materials and methods: Novel codoped carbon quantum dots (CCQDs) were synthesized using citric acid as the carbon source and L-cysteine as the nitrogen codoping atom. The formulation in which citric acid was retained was designated as CCQDs-1, whereas the purified version, from which citric acid was removed, was termed CCQDs-2. The antibacterial properties of CCQDs-1 and CCQDs-2 were compared using the agar well diffusion method. This study comprehensively characterizes these nanomaterials and evaluates their antibacterial potential, both alone and in …

On Perturbation Of Fuzzy Soft Κ Quasi Hyponormal Operator Generator Via A Special Class Of Operators, Salim Dawood Mohsen

Baghdad Science Journal

Hilbert space has been improved by building on a fuzzy soft vector space. It is named the fuzzy soft Hilbert space. This space has been crucial to the development of functional analysis. Interest emerged in investigating fuzzy soft operators, results and other intriguing properties of quasi-hyponormal operators are obtained, as a result, circumstances surrounding the achievement of certain analytical traits are also looked at and their more general called perturbation fuzzy soft operators, many pertinent findings in the context of fuzzy soft operator theory, which we will use in our talks of certain analytical aspects pertaining to characterizations feature. This …

Numerical Solutions Of Poisson Problem By Using Finite Element Method Based On Linear, Quadratic, And Cubic Polynomials, Ali Kamil Al-Abadi, Shurooq Kamel Abd

Baghdad Science Journal

The finite element approach, which uses linear, quadratic, and cubic polynomials, can solve the elliptic form of the Poisson equation. This allows the method to provide a solution to the Poisson problem. This possibility arises from the structure within which the method operates. This work aims to provide an analysis of the technique in question and demonstrate its potential for applications in both square and circular dimensions. In conducting this investigation, a direct solution of the system of linear equations was used. Obtaining optimal error estimates in the L² and H¹ norms is possible for us if we …

An Analytical Review Of Brainwave Analysis For Mind-Controlled Drones: Utilizing Hybrid Neural Networks And Motor Imagery, Ather Salah Hadi Al-Isawi, Sufri Muhammad, Novia Indriaty Admodisastro, Siti Anom Ahmad, Raihani Mohamed

Baghdad Science Journal

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) provide direct drone control by interpreting motor imagery brain impulses. This review paper critically assesses the progress made in using hybrid neural networks and motor imagery to operate mind-controlled drones and addresses the challenges of encoding and decoding complex brain signals for precise and reliable drone control. In this review paper, the primary objective is to analyze and synthesize the latest brainwave analysis technologies, focusing on hybrid neural networks and motor imagery tasks for drone control via brain-computer interfaces. This study aims to provide insights into the effectiveness of these technologies in enhancing the accuracy and reliability …

New Economic Hub Proposal In West Java Based On Toll Road Connectivity Using Community Detection, Ichwanul Muslim Karo Karo, Mohd Farhan Bin Md. Fudzee, Shahreen Binti Kasim, Azizul Azhar Ramli

Baghdad Science Journal

A region's economic activity has a significant impact on the growth of its surroundings. Adequate connectivity (e.g., toll roads, railways, airlines and others) are essential to the inter-regional economy and encourage new economic hub. Indonesia is intensively constructing toll road infrastructure and West Java province has the highest number of planned/operating it. This study aims to identify new economic hubs in West Java based on connectivity between regencies/cities with toll roads. The new hubs are identified by using a community detection approach. To support the idea, this study illustrates cities/regencies as vertices and connectivity of cities/regencies with toll roads as …

A Deep Learning Approach: The Impact Of Sentiment Analysis Of Bangladeshi Workers Over The World, Md Raihanul Islam Tomal, Tanveer Kader, Kohbalan Moorthy, Mazlina Abdul Majid

Baghdad Science Journal

In today's globalized world, the pursuit of better opportunities has led to a significant increase in immigration and foreign labor. This trend is particularly evident in Bangladesh, where many workers migrate annually to destinations such as Malaysia, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE. Understanding the sentiments and emotions of these workers is crucial to preventing crimes, suicides, political unrest, and other security issues in host countries. As maximum workers usually come from rural Bangladeshi communicate they use local dialect for conversations and very popular widely used local dialect known as Pabnaia. This study did not identify any prior research specifically …

Spartan Daily, October 28, 2025, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications

Spartan Daily, 2025

Volume 165, Issue 28

Effects Of Coffee Preparation Processes On Colloidal Particle Formation And Antioxidant Properties, Gao Guanzhen, Rao Pingfan, Xu Yao, Zhou Jianwu, Shan Yunhui

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To investigate the effects of grinding size and extraction temperature on the chemical composition, colloidal properties, and antioxidant activity of coffee colloidal particles, and to elucidate their formation and characteristics. [Methods] Coffee infusions were prepared from whole beans, medium-ground (0.9 mm), and fine-ground (0.3 mm) coffee beans using hot brewing (100 ℃, 3 min) and cold brewing (4 ℃, 24 h). The content of total solids, total sugars, proteins, total polyphenols, and lipids were determined. The colloidal properties were characterized using a nanoparticle size and zeta potential analyzer. The infusions were separated into a filtrate (true solution phase) and …

Effect Of Tagatose Glycosylation On Functional Characteristics Of Egg White Protein Powder, Dou Xiaoxue, Chen Huimin, Li Qianwen, Chen Zhuo, Chen Shuxing, Liu Lili

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To improve the functional characteristics of egg white protein (EWP) by tagatose glycosylation. [Methods] Firstly, the differences in antioxidant activity, emulsifying property, emulsion stability, foaming ability, and foaming stability are compared among glycosylated EWP (G-EWP), heat-treated EWP (H-EWP), and EWP. Then, the mechanism underlying the structural changes of G-EWP is investigated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, circular dichroism, scanning electron microscopy, and particle size analysis. [Results] Compared with EWP and H-EWP, G-EWP exhibits significantly improved antioxidant activity, emulsifying property, emulsion stability, foaming ability, and foaming stability (P<0.05). After glycosylation, the molecular weight increases. Tagatose is covalently grafted to egg white protein, with the content of α-helix, β-sheet, and β-turn changing and the morphology changing from spherical to large block-like complexes. The average particle size decreases from 153.53 nm to 129.33 nm (P<0.05), and the zeta potential value decreases from-22.68 mV to-31.83 mV (P<0.05). [Conclusion] Tagatose glycosylation can significantly improve the functional characteristics of EWP.

Fungal Diversity And Mycotoxins At Different Shelf-Life Stages Of Postharvest Longan, Gao Yunkai, Huang Yongping, Tang Zhuhua, Deng Hao, Yin Qingchun

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To investigate the differences in fungal community structure and mycotoxin contamination during different shelf-life stages of postharvest longan. [Methods] Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the fungal diversity of postharvest longan under room temperature storage (25 ℃) and cold storage (4 ℃). Meanwhile, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was used to analyze the levels of 44 mycotoxins in longan samples to identify potential toxin-related hazards. [Results] With the extension of shelf life, the fungal diversity and richness of postharvest longan fruit under room temperature storage showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, while …

An Automatic Grading Method For Apples Based On Improved Cnn-Svm And Machine Vision, Zhang Ruiqi, Yang Ning, Zhang Yifeng

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To solve the problems such as poor grading accuracy and low efficiency existing in the current automatic grading methods for apples. [Methods] On the basis of the automatic grading system for apples based on machine vision, an automatic grading method combining convolutional neural network, global average pooling, batch normalization, and support vector machine is proposed for apples. Through global average pooling, the number of model parameters is reduced. The generalization ability of the model is improved by batch normalization. The Softmax classifier of the convolutional neural network is replaced by a support vector machine to improve the grading accuracy. …

Food Automated Sorting System Integrated With Improved Yolov 11 And Dynamic Sorting Strategy, Ren Yuemei, Li Lei, Zhang Junfeng, Shang Zhanlei

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To address the high missed detection rate and low sorting efficiency of existing food sorting system. [Methods] For an automated food sorting system based on visual inspection, a method integrating an improved YOLOv 11 model and a dynamic sorting strategy was proposed. The improved YOLOv 11 object detection model enhances the ability to identify and locate food defects. Combined with the dynamic sorting strategy, the system achieves dynamic target sorting by the robot. The improved model introduces a lightweight cross-scale feature fusion module, which enhances network efficiency by simplifying the structure and strengthening information exchange. The C 3k2 module …

Effect Of Ginger Essential Oil Nanoemulsion Treatment On Preservation Quality And Microbial Changes Of Chilled Pork At 4 ℃, Li Xinwei, Chen Peihang, Lin Bimin, Miao Jianyin

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To analyze the preservation effect of ginger essential oil nanoemulsion as a natural preservative for pork. [Methods] Pork tenderloin was treated with 1.5% (w/w) ginger essential oil nanoemulsion. Changes in sensory, physicochemical, and microbiological indexes of the pork were analyzed during storage at 4 ℃.High-throughput sequencing technology was applied to analyze changes in the pork microflora during storage. [Results] The pH value, volatile basic nitrogen, and malondialdehyde content of pork treated with ginger essential oil nanoemulsion were significantly lower than those of the control group treated with sterile water at different time points (P<0.05), showing good preservation effects and extending the shelf life of pork tenderloin by 6 days. The nanoemulsion effectively reduced microbial abundance and diversity and inhibited spoilage bacteria such as Macrococcus and Brochothrix, thereby delaying pork spoilage. [Conclusion] Ginger essential oil nanoemulsion can serve as a natural preservative that effectively inhibits spoilage bacteria growth, reduces protein degradation and lipid oxidation in pork, improves sensory quality, and extends the shelf life of pork products.

Effect Of Ultrasonic Thawing On The Quality And Protein Oxidation Of Litopenaeus Vannamei, Peng Panpan

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To improve the texture quality of frozen Litopenaeus vannamei. [Methods] Using Litopenaeus vannamei as the research object, the study systematically evaluates the effects of ultrasonic thawing (300, 400, 500 W) on the texture properties, thawing loss, cooking loss, TVB-N, TBARS values, protein oxidation (content of sulphydryl and carbonyl groups), amino acid release, pH value, and sensory evaluation of frozen shrimp. [Results] Ultrasonic thawing significantly increases the elasticity, hardness, and recovery of the frozen shrimp (P<0.05), with the 400 and 500 W ultrasonic groups showing significantly higher hardness and elasticity than the 300 W group. Ultrasonic thawing significantly reduces thawing loss, cooking loss, and TVB-N content in the frozen shrimp (P<0.05), with the 500 W ultrasonic group showing the most significant reduction. Amino acid analysis reveals that ultrasonic thawing significantly increases the total amino acid (TAA) content and the proportion of essential amino acids (EAA), with the release of essential amino acids such as leucine and glutamic acid being highest in the 300 and 400 W ultrasonic groups. The protein oxidation analysis shows that the sulphydryl content in the ultrasonic-thawed group was significantly higher than that in the room-temperature thawed group, while the carbonyl content was significantly lower. Sensory evaluation results indicated that the overall score of the ultrasonic-thawed group is significantly higher than that |of the room-temperature thawed group, with the 400 W ultrasonic group achieving the highest sensory score. Pearson correlation analysis indicates that the thawing loss of frozen shrimp is negatively correlated with elasticity and hardness (P<0.05), and positively correlated with TVB-N, TBARS values, and carbonyl content (P<0.05). TVB-N is negatively correlated with hardness, elasticity, and recovery (P<0.05), and positively correlated with TBARS values and carbonyl content (P<0.05). [Conclusion] Ultrasonic thawing improves the texture quality of frozen shrimp compared to room-temperature thawing and effectively inhibits lipid and protein oxidation during the thawing process, with 400 W ultrasonic thawing being the most suitable.

Extraction Process Optimization Of Alcohol-Soluble Proteins From Highland Barley Fermentation Spent And In Vitro Antioxidant Properties, Lyu Qian, Zhao Jie, Song Yangbo, Xu Dan, Geng Guigong, Zhang Yiquan

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To optimize the extraction process of alcohol-soluble proteins from highland barley fermentation spent, aiming to enhance the added value of byproducts from highland barley wine processing. [Methods] The alcohol-soluble proteins were extracted from highland barley fermentation spent using ultrasound-assisted ethanol extraction. The yield of alcohol-soluble proteins was used as the evaluation index to analyze the effects of four factors, i.e., solid-to-liquid ratio, ultrasound temperature, ultrasound power, and ultrasound time, on the protein yield. An orthogonal test was conducted to optimize the extraction process and determine the optimal extraction conditions. SDS-PAGE analysis was performed to examine the relative molecular mass …

Effects Of Different Drying Methods On Drying Characteristics And Quality Of Taro Strips, Li Xiaoyun, Xie Ronghua, Chen Sheng, Han Chunyang, Chen Junliang, Ren Aiqing, Duan Zhenhua

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To reduce postharvest spoilage of taro and improve the drying quality of taro strips. [Methods] Four drying methods, i.e., vacuum microwave drying (VMD), hot air drying (HAD), heat pump drying (HPD), and far-infrared radiation drying (FIRD), were used to analyze their effects on the drying characteristics, physical properties (rehydration ratio, hardness, and color difference), moisture migration and distribution, and microstructure of taro strips. [Results] In terms of drying efficiency, VMD demonstrated the shortest free water removal time, followed by HAD and HPD. For color performance, the L* value followed the order HAD >HPD >FIRD >VMD. In terms of hardness, …

Innovative Expression Of Regional Culture In Food Packaging Design, Wei Yiheng, Chen Zhiying

Food and Machinery

The expression of regional culture in food packaging design not only contributes to enhancing the competitiveness of food and strengthening consumers' emotional identification, but also holds great significance for the inheritance of traditional regional culture. On the basis of clarifying the importance of integrating regional culture with food packaging design, this article points out the practical problems currently existing in this process, and proposes practical paths such as extracting regional cultural representations, translating regional cultural images, completing the design of regional cultural symbols, and incorporating modern design methods.

The Link October 28, 2025, Access To Justice Institute

The Link Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Investigating Characteristic Droplet Size Distributions In Large Eddy Simulations Of Stratocumulus Clouds, Nithin Allwayin, Daniel J. Miller, Kamal Kant Chandrakar, Michael L. Larsen, Raymond A. Shaw

Michigan Tech Publications

Cloud processes relevant to radiative and precipitation properties depend on the shape of the cloud droplet size distribution. Recent holographic observations revealed that cloud droplet populations do not have the same size distribution shapes throughout but form regions of characteristic distributions with similar microphysical properties. We investigate the existence and properties of these characteristic distributions within Large-Eddy Simulations of stratocumulus clouds using Lagrangian and bin microphysics schemes. Distribution types are identified, revealing localized characteristic distributions that vary on the scale of the largest convective cell for simulations with bin microphysics. The results from the Lagrangian microphysics scheme hint at similar …