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Design Of Compact Dual-Mode Bpfs Based On Cantor Fractal Geometry With U-Shaped Capacitive Coupling, Seevan Abdulkareem Aug 2026

Design Of Compact Dual-Mode Bpfs Based On Cantor Fractal Geometry With U-Shaped Capacitive Coupling, Seevan Abdulkareem

Engineering and Technology Journal

This study displays two microstrip bandpass filters using dual mode loop and patch resonators in form of Cantor geometry. The proposed filters exhibits one and two bands frequency responses for each of them respectively. The microstrip filter using Cantor loop has been tested by AWR 12 software package at resonances of 4.55 and 4.58 GHz, whereas for Cantor dual band patch filter has been simulated at band frequencies of 3.6 and 6.84 GHz respectively. RT/ Duroid 6010 substrate has been adopted for filter designs with thickness and relative permittivity of 1.27 mm and 10.8, respectively. The simulated filters have notable …

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Effect Of Nano Carbon Tube On The Mechanical And Physical Properties Of Composites Based On Resin Route, Aseel Abdul-Hussein, Emad Al-Hassani, Marwa Atallah Aug 2026

Effect Of Nano Carbon Tube On The Mechanical And Physical Properties Of Composites Based On Resin Route, Aseel Abdul-Hussein, Emad Al-Hassani, Marwa Atallah

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this work, the physical and mechanical properties of nano composites are investigate. The nano composites consist of matrix was polyester resin and 3% volume fractions of glass fibers as reinforcement with (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2 %( volume fractions of carbon nanotube as filler. Samples of nano composite materials in this research have been prepared by hand – layup. The results showed that the sample (UP+3% GF) has higher water absorption than sample net polyester. As can be noted from the results that the sample (UP+3% GF+2% CNTs) has higher value water absorption than other samples. Also can be observed …

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Using Polyethylene Glycol To Produce Self Cured Cement Mortar, Rasha Rawdhan, Awham Hameed, Shakir Salih Aug 2026

Using Polyethylene Glycol To Produce Self Cured Cement Mortar, Rasha Rawdhan, Awham Hameed, Shakir Salih

Engineering and Technology Journal

The capacity of self-curing admixture is to reduce the evaporation of water from mortar, and subsequently they increase the ability of water retention from mortar contrasted with those traditionally cured mortar. Polymeric phase is disperse in cement causing diminish in water absorption and Likewise its connection with hydrating cement create further bond formation which lead to the increment in strength. In this study two group of mortar samples were prepared, first group consist reference and fly ash mortar, second group prepare with admixtures of polymer were PEG 400 used as self-curing agent in this study. Flow test and setting time …

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Earth Fault Protection Failure In The Distribution Transformer 11/0.4 Kv Supply, Thamir Abdul-Wahhab, Mohammed Jasim Aug 2026

Earth Fault Protection Failure In The Distribution Transformer 11/0.4 Kv Supply, Thamir Abdul-Wahhab, Mohammed Jasim

Engineering and Technology Journal

This research studies a miss-coordination problem in the protection of 11 kV distribution network in Iraq. The problem arises when an underground cable is exposed to an earth fault at a location between the High Rupturing Capacity (HRC) fuses and the high voltage windings of the distribution transformer. In this case, the protective relay of the main circuit breaker of the feeder operates at a time faster than the HRC fuses of the faulty transformer. The distribution network considered in this work is an underground 11kV distribution network at Al-Rusafa General Directorate geographical region in Baghdad city. The problem was …

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Design And Implementation Of A Two Stage Controller For Ball And Beam System Using Fpga, Ivan Hashim, Ekhlas Karam, Noor Abdul-Jaleel Aug 2026

Design And Implementation Of A Two Stage Controller For Ball And Beam System Using Fpga, Ivan Hashim, Ekhlas Karam, Noor Abdul-Jaleel

Engineering and Technology Journal

The ball and beam is, in fact, a standout amongst the essentially vital models, which are generally utilized for educating the control system because its simplicity to be built, modeled, and controlled. This system involve a ball roll on a beam and since the angle of the beam manipulate by servo motor, so the purposes of this paper is to design two stages controller to stabilize the ball position along the beam by varying the angle of beam. The First controller stage “is Proportional- Integral- Derivative” (PID) “for servo motor. The second stage of the controller is Proportional-Derivative (PD) to …

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Comparison Of The Behavior For Free Standing Pile Group And Piles Of Piled Raft, Awf Al-Kaisi, Falah Rahil, Mohanned Waheed Aug 2026

Comparison Of The Behavior For Free Standing Pile Group And Piles Of Piled Raft, Awf Al-Kaisi, Falah Rahil, Mohanned Waheed

Engineering and Technology Journal

The intended task of this paper is studying the behavior of free standing pile groups and piles of piled raft driven in clayey soil under axial loading. The raft-piles interaction is investigated as well through the two series of tests. Each one of these series includes twelve tests, the two series are conducted with the same configuration, spacing, size of piles and undrained shear strength of soil except that in the free standing group there is a gap of about (20-25 mm) between the raft and the soil surface to have the applied load transferred to the piles only in …

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Studying Of Heat Treatment Influence On Mechanical Behavior Of Aa6061-T6 By Desirability Function Analysis Approach, Hashim Neamah Aug 2026

Studying Of Heat Treatment Influence On Mechanical Behavior Of Aa6061-T6 By Desirability Function Analysis Approach, Hashim Neamah

Engineering and Technology Journal

This paper presents optimization of warmth treatment parameters for the mechanical conduct on 6061 Aluminum alloy using desirability function analysis (DFA). Stability The experiments have been carried out using Taguchi’s L9 toughness orthogonal array. The warmth treatment durability parameters certain quenching average, getting older dead heat stability or growing older heat are optimized through multi-response considerations particularly hardness yet put on obstruction .The gold standard parameters bear been determined by the decomplex desirability value near beyond desirability characteristic analysis, yet longevity enormous contribution of parameters be able keep determined by using evaluation on dissonance (ANOVA). The evaluation effects suggests so …

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Flexural Behavior Of Rc Beams Strengthened By Nsm-Cfrp Laminates Or Bars, Ikram Saeed, Riadh Al-Mahaidi, Tareq Al-Attar, Basil Al-Shathr Al-Shathr Aug 2026

Flexural Behavior Of Rc Beams Strengthened By Nsm-Cfrp Laminates Or Bars, Ikram Saeed, Riadh Al-Mahaidi, Tareq Al-Attar, Basil Al-Shathr Al-Shathr

Engineering and Technology Journal

The strengthening and enhancing the structures represents an important aspect in the construction industry due to the growing need to increase the tolerability of origin to a specific level and within the required rehabilitation and maintenance work. This paper assessed the performance and effectiveness of the Near Surface Mounted (NSM) strengthening technique for the reinforced concrete beams. Three (140x260x2700 mm) reinforced concrete beams were strengthened in flexure with NSM strengthening systems using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) strips, bars, and cement-based adhesive as a binding materials. The flexural behaviour of the beams was evaluated by testing the specimens under three-point …

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Effect Of Laser Surface Melting On Chromium Carbide Of 304 Stainless Steels, Sami Jafar, Mohammad Kadhim, Sameer Faayadh Aug 2026

Effect Of Laser Surface Melting On Chromium Carbide Of 304 Stainless Steels, Sami Jafar, Mohammad Kadhim, Sameer Faayadh

Engineering and Technology Journal

In the present study, the effects of laser surface melting (LSM) on chromium carbide of heat treated (AISI 304) austenitic stainless steels (ASS) was studied with the aim to suppress sensitization of 304SS. Austenitic stainless steels were heated (aging) up to (800) ºC at constant holding time for two hours. LSM was conducted by using a (600 W) Yb-YAG laser. The microstructure was characterized by using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results shows, refined and homogeneous microstructure which contains austenite (γ) as basically phase and delta ferrite (δ) as the secondary phase, however, chromium …

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H-Infinity Based Full State Feedback Controller Design For Human Swing Leg, Hazem Ali, Azhar Abdulridha Aug 2026

H-Infinity Based Full State Feedback Controller Design For Human Swing Leg, Hazem Ali, Azhar Abdulridha

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this paper, the robustness properties of H-infinity control to produce a dynamic output feedback controller is applied to a human swing leg system. The double pendulum structure is usually used to model this system. The pendulum links will represent the thigh and shank of a human leg. The upper body will be connected to the thigh and then the shank via hip and knee joints. The muscles of thigh and shank are moved by applied two external (servomotor) torques at the hip and knee joints. The mathematical model of the system is developed. The results show that the proposed …

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Optimal Reconfiguration And Distributed Generation Placement In Baghdad Distribution Sector, Inaam Ibrahim Ali, Omar Saeed Aug 2026

Optimal Reconfiguration And Distributed Generation Placement In Baghdad Distribution Sector, Inaam Ibrahim Ali, Omar Saeed

Engineering and Technology Journal

The power losses in distribution system are high, which form 70 – 80% of total transmission and distribution losses. High losses have severe impact on stability, reliability as well as economy. Therefore, minimization of these losses is very necessary. In this paper proposed various schemes to reduce the active power losses in distribution network, given as:- Optimum reconfiguration network,- Optimum Distributed Generation (DG) placement and- Optimum reconfiguration with optimum (DG) placement.Using Cymdist software to implement the optimal reconfiguration algorithm and proposed Genetic Algorithm (GA) to find the size and location, which programmed under MATLAB software package. Whereon the proposed methodology …

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Studying Of Buckling Behavior On Composite Material, Manal Jasem, Awatif Ali Aug 2026

Studying Of Buckling Behavior On Composite Material, Manal Jasem, Awatif Ali

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this paper the buckling behavior of composite specimen manufactured from polyester reinforced with fiberglass, jute fiber and eggshell powder were studied. Several samples with rectangular cross section area of (1.5*19) mm are prepared with length of (400, 500, and600) mm and with addition weight ratio of (5%) of different material for reinforcement, used for tensile and buckling test. Different types of natural and synthetic materials (matrix and random glass fibers (are used first without any addition then with adding (5% SiC or 5% Eggshell powder or 5%����2��3) to the matrix, and Jute fibers. The critical load for its best …

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Mechanical Properties Of Al 6061/Al2o3 Nanocomposite By Stir Casting, Hussain Al-Alkawi, Huda Al-Salihi Aug 2026

Mechanical Properties Of Al 6061/Al2o3 Nanocomposite By Stir Casting, Hussain Al-Alkawi, Huda Al-Salihi

Engineering and Technology Journal

Present work deals with the examination of the mechanical properties of Al 6061 composites, which were successfully fabricated by stir casting technique and then reinforced by using different percentages of Al2O3 nanoparticles up to 10 wt%. The required samples were carefully prepared. Evaluation of the mechanical properties such as hardness, yield tensile stress and ultimate tensile stress were effectively obtained at various percentages of Al2O3 nanoparticles .It was found that the mechanical properties of 6061 /Al2O3 nanoparticles are critically influenced by the concentrations of the reinforced Al2O3 nanoparticle, since there was a substantial enhancement in the mechanical properties, as the …

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Development Bearing Capacity Of Piles Embedded In Clayey Soil, Awf Al-Kaisi, Falah Rahil, Mohanned Waheed Aug 2026

Development Bearing Capacity Of Piles Embedded In Clayey Soil, Awf Al-Kaisi, Falah Rahil, Mohanned Waheed

Engineering and Technology Journal

The load carrying capacity of piles resulting from base resistance and shaft resistance, the load transfer mechanism of piles is complicated since the mode of failure of these components is different in addition to the effect of pile installation on the soil surrounding of piles .The intended task of this paper is studying the behavior of pile group model driven in clayey soil subjected to vertical axial loading, and the assessment of the development of resistance of each of the two components, tip resistance and skin friction of the piles of during loading. Twelve piles group tests are conducted at …

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Reliability Evaluation Of Al_Mansour 11kv Distribution Network In Baghdad City, Thamir Abdul-Wahhab, Riyadh Ahmed Aug 2026

Reliability Evaluation Of Al_Mansour 11kv Distribution Network In Baghdad City, Thamir Abdul-Wahhab, Riyadh Ahmed

Engineering and Technology Journal

Reliability is a key aspect of power system design and planning. This work aims to evaluate and improve the reliability of a power distribution network in Baghdad city. The minimal cut set method has been adopted for reliability evaluation. Evaluating the reliability requires calculating and evaluating a set of reliability indices. In this research, the reliability indices are calculated for Al_Mansour 11kV distribution network in Baghdad city. According to these indices several improvements have been proposed and simulated on the network as follows: Adding N/C manually switches in the network for isolating fault area and restoring the service to the …

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Tuning Of A Pid Controller By Bacterial Foraging Algorithm For Position Control Of Dc Servo Motor, Manal Jasim Aug 2026

Tuning Of A Pid Controller By Bacterial Foraging Algorithm For Position Control Of Dc Servo Motor, Manal Jasim

Engineering and Technology Journal

Controlling the position of Direct Current servo motor is the first aim of this paper, by Bacterial Foraging Algorithm (BFA), the best Proportional – Integral - Derivative (PID) controller parameters were obtained through Mat-Lab application, including the simulation and modeling of Direct Current servo motor, BFA controller and conventional PID Controller as benchmark to the performance of BFA. Proportional – Integral - Derivative controller is a closed loop system, the error made by the Direct Current motor was corrected and determine the correct position to the desired point were controlled By integrating the Proportional – Integral - Derivative controller. Kp, …

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Investigation The Effect Of Nano–Particles And Recycling Mortar Additives On Physical And Mechanical Properties Of Concrete, Alaa Abdul-Hamead, Farhad Othman, Raeid Mohammed Aug 2026

Investigation The Effect Of Nano–Particles And Recycling Mortar Additives On Physical And Mechanical Properties Of Concrete, Alaa Abdul-Hamead, Farhad Othman, Raeid Mohammed

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this paper a lower ratio of nano powder were used from (Al2O3 and ZrO2) (0.5, 1.5and 2. 5 wt %) from cement weight, the average particle size of nano-powder were (20nm). These powders were used in fabrication of Concrete with recycle fine aggregate was replaced Natural fine aggregate(sand) in order to be used in construction application and studies the effect on the concrete. Investigation were done on the concrete including dry density, water absorption%, porosity%, compression strength, and wear rate. The results shows that The nano-Al2O3, nano-ZrO2, and recycle aggregate were adding causes difference effect in the physical and …

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Study The Characteristics Thermal And Mechanical For Unsaturated Polyester Resin Forced By Asbestos Fiber, Zainab Mohsein Aug 2026

Study The Characteristics Thermal And Mechanical For Unsaturated Polyester Resin Forced By Asbestos Fiber, Zainab Mohsein

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this work prepared and study a polymer composite, where use polyester resin with asbestos fiber ratio (5%, 10% and 15%). First study effect of changing reinforcement percentage by asbestos fiber on coefficient thermal conductivity (k) of polymer composite. Result show decrease in the coefficient thermal conductivity (k) of composite materials with increase of weight percentage of asbestos fiber. Second, study effect of it above reinforcement ratio on the some of mechanical properties (Impact, tensile, fracture and hardness) for polymer composite. The result indicate increase value of mechanical properties with increase weight percentage of asbestos fiber. The impact strength was …

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Effect Of Impact Hot- Dry Weather Conditions On The Properties Of High Performance Lightweight Concrete, Hisham Ahmed, Wasan Khalil, Nada Jumaa Aug 2026

Effect Of Impact Hot- Dry Weather Conditions On The Properties Of High Performance Lightweight Concrete, Hisham Ahmed, Wasan Khalil, Nada Jumaa

Engineering and Technology Journal

The aim of this investigation is to produce high performance lightweight aggregate concrete in actual hot- dry weather conditions, and then study the combined effect of hot-dry weather conditions on the fresh properties of high performance lightweight aggregate concrete such as workability, initial and final setting time, measuring concrete temperature, and hardened concrete properties (compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength, modulus of elasticity). The experimental program including the use of fixed mix proportions and was carried out in a typical Iraqi summer days (under actual conditions) of different times during the day, where the mean maximum temperature in …

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Experimental Investigation Of A New Modified Catalysts (Wo3/Si-Zr) And (Si-Zr) For The Process Of Aerosol Nanocatalysts By Fcc Of Residual Vacuum Distillation, Hashim Mahdi, Sregey Kudryavtsev Aug 2026

Experimental Investigation Of A New Modified Catalysts (Wo3/Si-Zr) And (Si-Zr) For The Process Of Aerosol Nanocatalysts By Fcc Of Residual Vacuum Distillation, Hashim Mahdi, Sregey Kudryavtsev

Engineering and Technology Journal

This work aims at comparing between the a new modified catalyst WO3/Si-Zr and catalyst Si-Zr to obtain gasoline and diesel fraction , The new theory of aerosol nanocatalysts technology was used in the cracking of gas oil by vacuum accompanied by the vibration of the layer of the catalyst system . The one of aim of the present work is to reduce the emissions of atmosphere polluting gases such as (H2S and CO) .It is observed that this process is achieved at lower temperature compared to that conducted by industrial cracking process at 250 Co , and lower amount of …

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Investigate Wedm Process Parameters On Wire Wear Ratio, Material Removal Rate And Surface Roughness Of Steel 1012 Aisi, Saad Shather, Mohammed Mohammed Aug 2026

Investigate Wedm Process Parameters On Wire Wear Ratio, Material Removal Rate And Surface Roughness Of Steel 1012 Aisi, Saad Shather, Mohammed Mohammed

Engineering and Technology Journal

This work is focused on some affecting parameters in Wire electrical discharge machining process for AISI 1012 steel by using brass wire and zinc coated brass wire with 0.25mm diameter. Pulse on time, pulse off time, spark gap voltage and servo feed had been studied as input parameters while wire wear ratio, metal removal rate and surface roughness were the outputs. The experiments showed that increasing pulse on time would increase wire wear ratio, metal removal rate and surface roughness. While, increasing pulse off time, spark gap voltage and servo feed will cause a little increase in wire wear ratio, …

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Study The Effect Of Traditional Iraqi Stabilizers (Cement And Lime) On Some Properties Of Iraqi Clay Soils, Husam Baqir, Aqeel Al-Adili, Ali Shareef Aug 2026

Study The Effect Of Traditional Iraqi Stabilizers (Cement And Lime) On Some Properties Of Iraqi Clay Soils, Husam Baqir, Aqeel Al-Adili, Ali Shareef

Engineering and Technology Journal

This study provides practical results in the use of the composite from sulfate resistance Portland cement (PC) and Quicklime (LQ) to improve and stabilize of soils in Al - Zaafaraniya site in Baghdad governorate and the Garma Ali site in Al Basra governorate, Iraq. PC and LQ were added in percentages of 2,4,6,8 and 10% and 2 and 4%, by dry weight, respectively. Laboratory tests to determine Atterberg,s limits, standard proctor test, USC test and UUU test (unconsolidation, undrained and unsaturated) were conducted. The results achieved a significant improvement in workability, unconfined compressive strength and shear strength. The results of …

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Using Rsm Technique For Modeling And Optimization The Influence Of Cutting Parameters On Tool Wear And Cutting Forces In Turning Operation, Shaker Hassan, Samir Amin, Asaad Dabish Aug 2026

Using Rsm Technique For Modeling And Optimization The Influence Of Cutting Parameters On Tool Wear And Cutting Forces In Turning Operation, Shaker Hassan, Samir Amin, Asaad Dabish

Engineering and Technology Journal

This study is an attempt to investigate the effect of cutting parameters on the cutting force and tool wear during turning of AISI 304 steel using tungsten carbide tool (WC). The first aim of present work was to employ the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) technique to obtain the influence of input machining parameters, such as cutting feed, cutting speed and cutting depth on the cutting force and wear of tool. Experiments were carried out in a 20 runs experimental matrix by a CNC machine according to the design matrices established by Design of Experiment (DOE) software 'version 8' with RSM …

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The Effects Of Sputtering Time On Cds Thin Film Solar Cell Deposited By Dc Plasma Sputtering Method, Azhar Sadkhan, Sabah Sabeh, Mohammed Khalaf Aug 2026

The Effects Of Sputtering Time On Cds Thin Film Solar Cell Deposited By Dc Plasma Sputtering Method, Azhar Sadkhan, Sabah Sabeh, Mohammed Khalaf

Engineering and Technology Journal

CdS thin films of different thickness have been prepared by dc sputtering technique on glass slides for a window layer of solar cells. The CdS target were sputtered in different sputtering times (1,1.5,2.5,3) hrs, working pressure (2×10-2) mbar and discharge voltage(2) kV.The structure of the nanoparticles films was investigated of CdS thin films by X-ray diffraction (XRD).The XRD patterns showed that the films were hexagonal (wurtzite) structure having strong preferential orientation along the (002) plane with particle size in the range of (41.04-41.46-41.88-42.53) nm, the peak at (002) preferred orientations of the films are shifted a little from left to …

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Measurement Of Radon Gas Concentrations And Hazard Effects In Underground Water Samples In Karbala Governorate Of Iraq, I. Al-Alawy, A. Hasan Aug 2026

Measurement Of Radon Gas Concentrations And Hazard Effects In Underground Water Samples In Karbala Governorate Of Iraq, I. Al-Alawy, A. Hasan

Engineering and Technology Journal

One of the most characterizations of social health is the existence availability of sources irrigation water. Since the main source of water, contamination is radon gas. Six regions in Karbala province in Iraq were chosen to evaluate Radon level in underground water-samples by using (SSNTD-CR-39) Detector. The current measurements showed that highest level was in Al-Horr region to be 4.152±2.2Bq/L, where lowest concentration was in Hay-Rumdan 2.165±1.6Bq/L. The maximum Annual-Effective Dose (AED) was found in Al-Horr to be 14.34±3.5μSv/y, whereas the minimal value indicated at Hay-Rumdan 8.66±3.1μSv/y. In general, it has been found that Radon-level concentration, in the studied groundwater-samples, …

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Determination Emitted Gasses From Using Three Types Of Woods In Grilling Meats, Sedik Al-Hiyaly, Ahmed Al-Taie Aug 2026

Determination Emitted Gasses From Using Three Types Of Woods In Grilling Meats, Sedik Al-Hiyaly, Ahmed Al-Taie

Engineering and Technology Journal

The randomly using of different woods in grilling meats may cause several health and environmental effects due to various gasses emitted from burning such woods. The current work has examined the type and concentration of several emitted gases from burning raw tree wood, wood charcoal and palm fronds. This study has measured volatile organic compounds (VOC), carbon mono oxide (CO), ozone (O3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and sulfur dioxide (SO2). The concentrations of these emitted gasses were measured at fire start point, 15, 30 and 60 minutes.It has been found that raw tree wood gave highest mean value of VOC ranged …

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The Effects Of Cyanobactrum Chroococcus Minor And Oscillatoria Amonea On Seed Germination Of Plant Vigna Radiate, Ghaidaa Alrubaie Aug 2026

The Effects Of Cyanobactrum Chroococcus Minor And Oscillatoria Amonea On Seed Germination Of Plant Vigna Radiate, Ghaidaa Alrubaie

Engineering and Technology Journal

Cyanobacteria are prokaryotic photosynthesis algae able to produce toxins and that cause problems in water quality, agriculture and aquatic organisms As well as concerns about the public health for humans. Among the cyanobacterial toxins, microcystins (MC) are the most common. In this study, Identification and Isolation of blue green algae Chroococcus minor and Oscillatoria amonea Belonging to the cyanobacteria division, BG-11 media were used to cultivation. In suitable laboratory conditions (25 ±2C°, 260μE/m2/sec) for 16:8 hrs. Light: dark. The culture was harvested after 30 days and determine the effects of the extracellular of both algae on seed germination for Vigna …

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Determination Of Radon Concentrations In Soil Around Al-Tuwaitha Site Using Cr-39 Detector, Khalid Mahdi, Auday Subhi, Najlaa Sharif, Ghuzlan Ahmed Ahmed Aug 2026

Determination Of Radon Concentrations In Soil Around Al-Tuwaitha Site Using Cr-39 Detector, Khalid Mahdi, Auday Subhi, Najlaa Sharif, Ghuzlan Ahmed Ahmed

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this work radon concentration in 37 soil samples collected from 17 regions surround the (Al Tuwaitha) were measured by using solid-state nuclear track detector (SSNTD.s) CR-39 with natural exposure of one month, and by comparison with standard samples. The radon concentration in the soil samples was about (9.583 ± 0.36928.029 ± 0.631) Bq/m3 in locations one (Rotate Salman) and eight (An area agricultural near high-voltage towers) respectively, with rate of (20.939 ± 0.541) Bq/m3. The specific activity of radium (Ra) dissolved during generate radon were ranging between (9.857 – 3.37) Bq.kg-1, with rate of (7.393) Bq.kg-1, surface emission of …

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Effect Of Temperature And Concentration On The Optical Properties Of Pvc Solutions, Esam Tawfiq, Shams. Abdul Kareem Aug 2026

Effect Of Temperature And Concentration On The Optical Properties Of Pvc Solutions, Esam Tawfiq, Shams. Abdul Kareem

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this paper, effects of temperature and concentration on theabsorption spectra for Polyvinyl chloride solutions are studied at wavelengthsfrom 200 to 400 nm and with the range of temperature 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60degrees (Co). Electronic absorption spectra were examined over thewavelength range 200-400 nm by different concentrations (1x10-3, 8x10-4,6.5x10-4, 5x10-4 and 3x10-4)[M]. The UV spectra shifted slightly towardslarge wavelength with increasing the temperature. The values of the energygap of polyvinyl chloride are decreasing as concentration and temperatureincreased. The data shows that the refractive index of the polymer decreaseswith increasing the wavelength and temperature. The relationship between theabsorption coefficient …

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A Proposed Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosing System Based On Clustering And Segmentation Techniques, Sarah Mohammed Aug 2026

A Proposed Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosing System Based On Clustering And Segmentation Techniques, Sarah Mohammed

Engineering and Technology Journal

Alzheimer's-disease (AD) is one of the prevalent diseases that afflict theelderly. The medical field defines Alzheimer is the destruction of brain cells sothat the person loses knowledge and perception, afflict both sexes and is calleddementia. The medical field often suffers from accurate diagnosis and detection ofthe disease in the early stages. This paper presents a diagnostic approach ofAlzheimer based on K-mean clustering algorithm with Markov random fieldsegmentation on Magnetic Reasoning Images (MRI) to build software able to helpthe medical staff identifying and diagnosis the disease. The experimental resultshows that 91% accuracy is achieved, which demonstrate the system's reliabilityin the medical …

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