Digital Commons Network^™

Comparative Risk Metrics For U.S. Commercial Aviation, September 2026, Mihhail Berezovski

BCAAS Reports

No abstract provided.

Gene-Environment Interactions In Cardiovascular Aging: Volunteering, Polygenic Risk, And Biomarker Change In European And African Ancestry Populations, Seoyoun Kim, Byeongju Ryu, Erin Ware, Koichiro Shiba, Cal J. Halvorsen

Brown School Faculty Publications

Volunteering has been associated with better cardiovascular health, but whether this association varies by genetic susceptibility to cardiovascular disease remains unclear. This study examined associations between volunteering and cardiovascular biomarkers, assessed associations between biomarker-specific polygenic scores (PGSs) and these outcomes, and tested whether polygenic risk moderated volunteering–biomarker associations among U.S. adults aged 51 years and older.

Synthesis Of Fe-Doped Porous Carbon Catalyst Derived From Coconut Shell Waste Using Ferric Nitrate Nonahydrate (Fe(No3)3.9h2o) As An Iron Precursor, Ilham Lestadi Putra, Sukarni Sukarni, Heru Suryanto

Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)

Renewable energy from lignocellulosic biomass is a promising alternative to fossil fuels. Coconut shell (CS) waste is a favorable precursor for porous carbon due to its high carbon content, abundance, and non-food nature. However, conventional biochar often has limited surface area and catalytic active sites, hindering its effectiveness as a catalyst. While Fe-based modifications are promising, the use of ferric nitrate-assisted activation of coconut-shell-derived porous carbon remains underexplored. This research focused on developing an Fe-doped porous carbon catalyst from CS via ultrasound-assisted impregnation, followed by activation in a tube furnace. CS biochar was produced through pyrolysis at 550 °C and …

Prune: A Patching Based Repair Framework For Certifiable And Privacy-Robust Unlearning Of Neural Networks, Xuran Li, Jingyi Wang, Xiaohan Yuan, Peixin Zhang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Machine unlearning has emerged as a key mechanism for enabling the “right to be forgotten” in neural network models, allowing the selective removal of specific training data upon request. Existing approaches typically rely on retraining models with the remaining data, which is computationally expensive and difficult to verify, especially when deployed models are distributed or resource-constrained. To address this challenge, our prior conference work introduced PRUNE, a patching-based framework that formulates unlearning as a neural network repair problem. PRUNE achieves targeted forgetting by learning lightweight patch networks that redirect model predictions on the data to be unlearned while preserving performance …

Neural Symphony Of Flow Experience: Evidence For High-Dimensional Metastable Dynamics, Abdelrahman B. M. Eldaly, Kris Zhangguang Kang, Fiona Fui-Hoon Nah, Leanne Lai-Hang Chan, Keng Siau, Xiao Fan Liu, Richard Huskey, Langtao Chen, Tejaswini Yelamanchili, Rene Weber

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Flow, an optimal experience characterized by deep immersion and engagement in an activity, has been extensively studied in behavioral research. However, its neural dynamic mechanism remains poorly understood. In a within-subject video gaming experiment, we captured neural activity underlying flow, boredom, and anxiety using a 64-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) system. Compared to boredom and anxiety, flow exhibits the highest global functional connectivity, metastability, and dimensionality of dynamic functional connectivity patterns, suggesting that flow is a highly adaptable process that is supported by high-dimensional neural dynamics. Unlike previous studies that focused on identifying static or localized brain activity, we examine the neural …

Generalized Logit Adjustment: Improved Fine-Tuning By Mitigating Label Bias In Zero-Shot Vision Models, Beier Zhu, Qianru Sun, Xun Yang, Hanwang Zhang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Foundation models like CLIP allow zero-shot transfer on various tasks without additional training data. Yet, the zero-shot performance is less competitive than a fully supervised one. Thus, fine-tuning and ensembling are also commonly adopted to better fit the downstream tasks. However, we argue that such prior work has overlooked the inherent biases in foundation models. Due to the highly imbalanced Web-scale training set, foundation models are inevitably skewed toward frequent semantics, and thus the subsequent fine-tuning or ensembling is still biased. In this study, we systematically examine the biases in foundation models and demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed Generalized …

Effect Of Multisensory Stimulation On Delirium, Pain, And Anxiety Among Patients Undergoing Major Abdominal Surgery: A Quasi Experimental Study, Nesma Yousef Said Said

Nursing

Background: Major abdominal surgery is frequently associated with postoperative complications, including delirium, pain, and anxiety, which may delay recovery, increase healthcare utilization, and negatively affect patients' overall well-being. Multisensory stimulation has emerged as a promising non-pharmacological intervention that may improve postoperative outcomes by creating a calming and supportive healing environment. Purpose of the study: This study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of multisensory stimulation in reducing delirium, pain, and anxiety among patients undergoing major abdominal surgery Method: A quasi-experimental pretest–posttest design was employed at National Liver institute, Menoufia university, Egypt. A purposive sample of 150 patients (75 intervention group …

Deployment-Oriented Evaluation Of Temporal And Spatial Forecasting Approaches For Electric Vehicle Charging Demand In Energy Systems, Maher Alaraj, Eyob Solomon Getachew

All Works

Accurate short-term electric vehicle (EV) charging demand forecasting is important for charging infrastructure operation, grid management, and energy-system planning. This study presents a deployment-oriented and reproducible evaluation of temporal, spatial, and unified spatio-temporal forecasting approaches for day-ahead EV charging demand prediction. Using publicly available charging-session data aggregated at hourly resolution across ZIP-code regions, we compare persistence and ARIMA baselines, XGBoost, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs), and a unified GCN+LSTM architecture under a consistent preprocessing pipeline, leakage-free validation protocol, and rolling-origin evaluation framework. For the Boulder ZIP-code dataset considered in this study, temporal information provided the dominant …

Front Matter

Journal of Science & Technology Law

No abstract provided.

Autonomy, Adolescents, And Artificial Intelligence, Michael J. S. Beauvais

Journal of Science & Technology Law

In this essay, I explore the potential implications of adolescent use of AI assistants on the development of adolescents’ capacities for autonomy. Thinking through these issues from the perspective of first principles is, I believe, needed in order to sharpen our understanding of some of the issues AI assistants pose for young people. A clear analysis will suggest which legal or policy prescriptions should follow.

I first give an overview of adolescent use of AI assistants, noting their popularity and the variety of use contexts. Drawing upon the work of Catriona Mackenzie, I then outline a relational conception of autonomy …

Central Bank Financial Strength, Credibility, And Global Market Risk: Evidence From Southeast Asian Economies, Mega Fauziah, Hermanto Siregar, Solikin M. Juhro, Tanti Novianti, Sigit Wibowo

Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking

This paper examines central bank credibility in the context of its financial strength, independence, and global market uncertainty in five Southeast Asian countries between 2005 and 2023. We find that the global market risk indicated by VIX reveals that these Southeast Asian economies, despite achieving considerable central bank independence and institutional development, remain fundamentally constrained by global market conditions in maintaining their credibility, measured by the difference between the inflation rate and its target in the same year. We argue that in emerging economies exposed to global uncertainty, central bank profitability, conditional on its independence, is vital for central banks …

Fiscal Decentralization, Local Government Size, And Regional Economic Growth: Evidence From Indonesia, Faizul Mubarok, Hasta Dwi Pradana, Etty Puji Lestari

Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking

This study investigates the dynamic relationship between fiscal decentralization, local government size, and regional economic growth in Indonesia. Integrating fiscal federalism theory with the Armey curve framework, the study examines whether decentralization reshapes the scale of subnational governments and how this influences growth outcomes. Using balanced panel data from 26 Indonesian provinces over the period 1995–2020, the analysis employs dynamic panel estimators based on the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) to address endogeneity, persistence, and unobserved heterogeneity. The results reveal a nuanced relationship between fiscal decentralization and government size. Greater revenue autonomy is associated with a contraction in government size …

Oil Futures Reactions To Monetary Policy Surprises: A High-Frequency Analysis, Syed Mujahid Hussain Dr., Basel Awartani, Farrukh Javed, Iqbal Khadaroo Dr., Nader Virk Dr.

Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking

This study examines how oil futures respond to monetary policy shocks arising from FOMC and ECB target-rate announcements, using high-frequency data. The results indicate that both sets of announcements significantly influence oil futures prices. However, FOMC decisions have a more pronounced effect on oil futures, whereas ECB interest rate surprises predominantly have a limited impact on the oil futures return and volatility. The analysis further uncovers an asymmetric response to positive versus negative interest rate shocks. These findings enhance the understanding of how monetary policy surprises are transmitted to oil futures markets. Therefore, these results have important implications for policymakers …

The Nusantara Capital City (Ikn) Relocation: Autocratic Legalism And The Marginalization Of Local Communities, Imam Syafi'i, Dian Aulia

The Indonesian Journal of Socio-Legal Studies

The first phase (2022–2024) of the Nusantara Capital City (IKN) relocation prioritizes the construction of the city's physical infrastructure under the “Nusa Rimba Raya” concept. During this phase, the massive development of supporting infrastructure, including government buildings, official residences, toll roads, ports, and the VVIP airport, has driven increased demand for materials and land, impacting areas beyond the delineation of IKN. However, the power-driven approach in the capital relocation policy has led to socio-ecological injustices for indigenous and local communities by disregarding meaningful public participation and environmental sustainability. Land acquisition through the Land Bank (Bank Tanah), which prioritizes investment, along …

Comparative Legal Study On Corruption In The Construction Sector: Indonesia And China, Seng Hansen, Liang Qi

The Indonesian Journal of Socio-Legal Studies

This study aims to compare the legal approaches to corruption in the construction sector in Indonesia and China. The construction sector in both countries is often fertile ground for corruption, which harms the economy and creates social inequality. This study employs a comparative legal analysis method to examine regulations, policies, and the effectiveness of law enforcement in combating corruption within the construction sector in both countries. The primary focus of this study is a comparison of applicable anti-corruption laws and the roles of law enforcement agencies, such as the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) in Indonesia and the Central Commission for …

Medical Liability In The Age Of Ai-Driven Healthcare: Ethical Challenges And Legal Framework Recommendations, Rani Tiyas Budiyanti, Roro Isyawati Permata Ganggi, Penggalih Mahardika Herlambang

The Indonesian Journal of Socio-Legal Studies

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare is progressing rapidly and is applied to various aspects of medical practice, including diagnosis, treatment planning, and patient care. However, the integration of AI in healthcare raises complex legal and ethical issues, particularly regarding medical liability. The growing development of AI technology is blurring the concepts of responsibility and accountability in medical practice. Furthermore, with AI systems becoming increasingly autonomous in their decision-making processes, it becomes increasingly difficult to determine responsibility in cases of medical errors or actions that harm patients. In view of this situation this article argues that it is …

Discomfort Avoidance And Desire For Normality Are Decision-Making Drivers Of Footwear Choice In Underserved Communities At Risk Of Diabetic Foot Ulcer, Krithika Anil, Neeraj Sharma, Sonal Patel, Jess Bailey, Catherine Smith, Sally Abey, Kayce Allcock, Richard Collings, Joanne Paton

School of Health Professions

BackgroundDiabetes-related foot ulceration (DFU) is a serious complication that can lead to lower limb amputation or death. Custom-made footwear is a key preventative strategy, yet adherence to use is often low. The factors influencing decision-making for footwear use remain unclear, particularly among underserved groups such as people from low socioeconomic and South Asian backgrounds. This study aimed to identify the psychological mechanisms underlying footwear choice and adherence in people with diabetes from low socioeconomic and South Asian populations.MethodsThis study used a qualitative approach conducted in two parts. Part 1 explored footwear-related experiences using one-to-one interviews informed by the COM-B model …

Exploring Factors Affecting The Use Of Blended Diets For Children And Young People In Health, Education And Social Care Settings In The Uk: The Protocol For A Realist Mixed Methods Study, Gemma Phillips, Jane Coad, Mary Hickson, Joseph C. Manning

School of Health Professions

Background Enteral tube feeding provides supplementary or alternative nutrition for individuals who cannot meet their nutritional needs orally and remains essential for a number of children and young people with complex health needs. Commercial formula remains standard practice in the UK, although increasing numbers of children and their families are choosing a blended diet and reporting significant physical and social benefits. However, support for families in using blended diets varies across health, education and social settings in the UK. Aim To explore factors affecting the use of blended diets in health, education and social care settings. Methods This sequential mixed …

Vascular Burden Attenuates The Tdp-43-Tmem106b Pathological Relationship In Neurodegenerative Disease With And Without Alzheimer Disease Neuropathological Change, Matthew B. Dopler, Cole Corbett, Angelique D. Gonzalez, Ali Ghaseminejad-Bandpey, Mallory Keating, Kyra M. Clarke, Oluwaseun B. Ogunbona, Gladys Maestre, Sudha Seshadri, Shahroo Etemadmoghadam, Margaret E. Flanagan

School of Medicine Publications

TMEM106B, a lysosomal transmembrane protein, is a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer disease (ad) and TDP-43 proteinopathies. TMEM106B pathology occurs in normal aging and is increased in TDP-43 proteinopathy but its role in dementia remains unclear. Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is a driver and co-pathology of dementia, yet its contribution to TMEM106B accumulation in the context of TDP-43 and ad neuropathological changes (ADNC) has not been explored. We analyzed post-mortem human hippocampal sections spanning not-, low-, intermediate-, and high-ADNC. In secondary analyses, cases ≥65 years were stratified by TDP-43 immunopositivity and CVD severity; cases < 65 years were included to contextualize age-associated effects. TMEM106B immunoreactivity was quantified using digital pathology. Linear regression models demonstrated that age and sex (higher in females) were independent predictors of TMEM106B immunopositivity whereas Braak stage, CERAD-NP score, and Thal phase were not. The positive TDP-43-TMEM106B association was attenuated with increased CVD pathology severity, suggesting that vascular burden modifies this relationship. Sensitivity analyses restricted to LATE-NC attenuated several associations, indicating that pooled TDP-43 findings should be interpreted cautiously given possible disease heterogeneity. TMEM106B immunoreactivity was most strongly associated with age and sex, while vascular burden, rather than ADNC level, modified its relationship with TDP-43 proteinopathy.

Noncoding Rna Transcripts Based Molecular Phenotyping Of Masld And Mash Patients, Frida M. Delgadillo, Karla Perez, Barbara Yang, Subramanian Dhandayuthapani, Murali Yallapu, Subhash C. Chauhan, Enrique I. Ramos, Shrikanth S. Gadad

School of Medicine Publications

Background and aims: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a progressive hepatic metabolic disorder characterized by excessive fat accumulation in hepatocytes. MASLD can advance to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). These conditions often lead to hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) if not timely diagnosed and managed; thus, molecular phenotyping of MASLD and MASH conditions is highly desirable. The analyses were performed to identify distinct, differentially expressed genes, particularly noncoding ones, in MASLD and MASH patient samples, thereby expanding diagnostic and therapeutic options.

Methods: We extracted the data from a recent transcriptomic study by Govaere et al. on MASLD …

Longitudinal Association Between Midlife Cardiovascular Health And Cognitive Change In A Bi-Ethnic Cohort, Janette Vazquez, Rebecca Bernal, Luis Aguirre, Jesus D. Melgarejo, Gladys Maestre, Sudha Seshadri, Helen P. Hazuda, Chen-Pin Wang, Claudia Satizabal

School of Medicine Publications

Introduction: Midlife cardiovascular burden contributes to cognitive decline and dementia. However, research in diverse populations remains scarce.

Methods: We included 402 San Antonio Heart Study participants (1979–1988; midlife mean age 57.9 ± 3.8, 58.5% women, 52% Mexican American) later enrolled in the San Antonio Longitudinal Study of Aging (1992–2004). Midlife cardiovascular health was assessed using Life's Simple 7. Cognition was measured up to four times with the Mini-Mental State Examination. Generalized estimating equation models adjusted for age, sex, income, and education were used to relate cardiovascular factors to cognitive change. Sensitivity analyses evaluated attrition bias.

Results: Physical activity was associated …

Evaluating Reciprocal Peer Learning In Nursing Clinical Simulation, Amanda C. Graf, Carol Crevacore, Fleur Morine, Jennifer Jennings, Olivia Gallagher

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Reciprocal peer learning (RPL) emphasizes collaborative learning through social interaction, with students acting as both learners and teachers. This pilot study evaluated an RPL program in clinical simulation within a nursing curriculum.

Methods: A mixed-methods design used questionnaires to assess peer-learning experiences and peer-teaching roles, alongside qualitative interviews. Data were analyzed using multiple methods.

Results: Seventeen students participated. Students lacked confidence as peer instructors and found corrective feedback challenging, however, they valued peer observation, felt less anxious when taught by peers, and reported greater engagement and practice opportunities.

Conclusion: RPL benefited learning, but structured peer-feedback training is needed.

Internal Verdicts Track Evidence: A Template-Controlled Neutrosophic Reading Of Epistemic States In Large Language Models Via The Jacobian Lens, Maikel Yelandi Leyva Vazquez, Alexis Matheu Perez, Florentin Smarandache

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

For twenty-five years, neutrosophic logic has assigned independent degrees of truth (T), indeterminacy (I), and falsity (F) to model epistemic states that classical and fuzzy semantics cannot express. All previous applications, however, measured these components on outputs: answers, judgments, expert evaluations. This paper reports, to our knowledge, the first neutrosophic reading of components inside the internal representations of a large language model. Using the recently released Jacobian lens on Qwen3.5-4B, we project intermediate-layer readouts onto lexicons of support, refutation, and hedging, obtaining layer-wise (T, I, F) profiles under three epistemic conditions (conflicting evidence, first-person false belief, factual control; n = …

Prevalence And Availability Of Specialty Dental Care Sites For Children Covered By Medicaid And Chip In The United States, Jonmichael Cope, Aaron David, Chase Otto, Inder Sehgal

Student Publications

Introduction: Access to dental care is a critical aspect of children's healthcare. For these reasons, Medicaid and Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP), administered by states, cover medically necessary services. Specialty providers can enroll and participate in state or state-contracted plans, but availability varies widely. Our research objective was to evaluate the availability of non-general dentist specialists in endodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, orthodontics/dentofacial orthopedics on the InsureKidsNow website for Medicaid/CHIP enrollees, on a state-by-state basis, and to compare these with pediatric dental availability.

Methods: This is an observational, cross-sectional descriptive study. InsureKidsNow.gov was searched to identify and compare available and …

Neutrosophic Sets And Systems, Vol. 101, 2026, Proceedings Of The International Conference On Artificial Intelligence, Indeterminacy, And Education, University O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile, Florentin Smarandache, Maikel Yelandi Leyva Vazquez

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

No abstract provided.

Typed Abstention For Llm-Elicited Fuzzy Criteria In Multicriteria Transportation Decisions, Maikel Yelandi Leyva-Vazquez, Nezir Aydin

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Fuzzy multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) increasingly draws its criterion evaluations from large language models (LLMs), but the aggregation step typically treats these elicited judgments as interchangeable with expert opinion, with no mechanism to flag disagreement, insufficiency, or unreliable sources. We port a source-preserving, typed-abstention decision policy into fuzzy-MCDM pipelines, instantiated on a four-alternative sustainable-transportation case, and report two live pilots. Pilot 1 returns all-coherent; Pilot 2, redesigned with criteria of greater normative dependence, shows the gate firing on real disagreement. We report both pilots candidly and verify the gate's logic with synthetic unit tests.

La Citación En Educación: Funciones Retóricas En Textos Académicos Escritos Por Expertos Y Estudiantes Universitarios, David Sanchez-Jimenez, Juan Antonio Núñez Cortés, Enrique Alonso Sainz

Publications and Research

The present study aims to investigate the differences in citation usage and frequency among university students and expert writers in the field of Education. The analyzed corpus comprises 50 papers written in this discipline and is divided into two sub-corpora: one consisting of 25 TFGs and the other one formed by 25 articles published in specialized journals. To examine this phenomenon, a qualitative and quantitative methodology was employed, performing a textual analysis of the rhetorical functions of citations. This analysis is based in the typology proposed by Petrić in her 2007 article, slightly modified for the purpose of the present …

Legal Geographies Of The Public Trust Doctrine, Alida Cantor, John P. Casellas Connors, Elizabeth Carlino

Geography Faculty Publications and Presentations

The Public Trust Doctrine (PTD) is a legal principle that recognizes a duty of the government to hold certain natural resources in trust for public benefit. The doctrine has been extended within the United States to address issues of water, coastal access, wildlife conservation, and climate change. Its implementation is spatially uneven and subjective, however, raising geographic questions around scale, power, and political economy. This article uses a legal geographic approach to understand the PTD. Focusing on water, wildlife, and atmospheric resources, we analyze themes of scale and jurisdiction, property and commons, and legal and environmental subjectivity. We argue that …

International Society Of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Diets For Body Weight Reduction, Alan Aragon, Bill I. Campbell, Brad J. Schoenfield, Jeffrey Stout, Douglas Kalman, Paul J. Arciero, Shawn Arent, Richard Kreider, Lem Taylor, Laurent Bannock, Robert E.C. Wildman, Chad Kerksick, Jose Antonio

Faculty Scholarship

The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) has developed an official position on diets for body weight reduction. This critical analysis of the literature is intended to provide a scientific foundation for practitioners, coaches, and trainees regarding the effects of the major diet types in adults who are generally healthy, physically active, and/or athletic, while drawing from clinical research in those with overweight/obesity, when relevant. This position stand does not address acute dehydration-based weight cutting, pharmacotherapy (i.e. GLP-1RAs), or bariatric surgery. The following 15 points constitute the Position Statement of the Society; the Research Committee has approved them.

1. Diets for …

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Language-Serving Hospitals And Seven-Day Readmission Among Patients With A Non-English Primary Language, Alyssa N Jones, Brittany M Dacier, Jesus Mejia, Benjamin G Allar, Rachel E Murphy, Regan W Bergmark, Esteban F Gershanik, Alicia Fernandez, Andrea L Pusic, Gregory L Peck, David W Bates, Gezzer Ortega

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objectives. To compare 7-day readmission among patients with a non-English primary language in language-serving versus non-language-serving hospitals.

Methods. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the New Jersey State Inpatient Database (2010-2022). We identified 578 030 inpatient discharges home among patients with a non-English primary language. We used generalized linear mixed models to compare 7-day readmission between language-serving hospitals-defined as those with a higher proportion of patients with a non-English primary language-and non-language-serving hospitals.

Results. Patients with a non-English primary language were less likely to be readmitted within 7 days at language-serving versus non-language-serving hospitals (4.8% vs 9.8%; adjusted odds …