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A Case Study Of Suspected Sheep Losses Due To Chokecherry Not Death Camas, Kevin D. Welch, Clint A. Stonecipher, Stephen T. Lee, Daniel Cook, Benedict T. Green Feb 2026

A Case Study Of Suspected Sheep Losses Due To Chokecherry Not Death Camas, Kevin D. Welch, Clint A. Stonecipher, Stephen T. Lee, Daniel Cook, Benedict T. Green

Poisonous Plant Research (PPR)

Death camas (Zigadenus paniculatus) is a toxic plant often associated with poisoning cases in livestock, especially in sheep, in the spring on mountain foothills. Consequently, when sheep are found dead in mountain foothills, and death camas is present, it is often implicated as the potential cause of death. However, this may be over simplistic as there may be other plants that may also contribute to, or are the cause of, death in sheep. In this study, we present a case of approximately 200 sheep out of a band of 400 that died within 24 hours of beginning to …


Analytical Framework For Understanding Broader-Based And Sectoral Bargaining Models, Sara Slinn Feb 2026

Analytical Framework For Understanding Broader-Based And Sectoral Bargaining Models, Sara Slinn

Articles & Book Chapters

No abstract provided.


Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System In Preeclampsia: Pathophysiological Insights And Links To Vascular Dementia, Robin C. Finch, Jenny Lutshumba, Elizabeth Mirsky, Esther Ndashaala, Kelsey Bullens, Emma Smith Feb 2026

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System In Preeclampsia: Pathophysiological Insights And Links To Vascular Dementia, Robin C. Finch, Jenny Lutshumba, Elizabeth Mirsky, Esther Ndashaala, Kelsey Bullens, Emma Smith

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Pre-eclampsia, a condition characterized by new-onset hypertension during pregnancy and one or more indices of organ damage, is a major driver of both short and long-term maternal health outcomes. Individuals with a history of pre-eclampsia are at increased risk for cardiovascular, renal, and other chronic diseases. Recent studies have linked pre-eclampsia history with increased risk of dementia later in life, underscoring the importance of new guidelines emphasizing blood pressure control to reduce the risk of cognitive decline. Unfortunately, neither mechanisms underlying causes of pre-eclampsia nor their links with cognitive function are well understood. Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia …


Quality Improvement Project: Reducing Medication Errors To Improve Patient Safety, Paulina Irish Feb 2026

Quality Improvement Project: Reducing Medication Errors To Improve Patient Safety, Paulina Irish

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Medication administration errors remain a persistent threat to patient safety in emergency department settings, where high acuity, rapid throughput, and workflow interruptions increase vulnerability to preventable adverse events. The purpose of this Doctor of Nursing Practice quality improvement project was to increase medication-safety knowledge scores by at least 10% and reduce medication administration error rates by 20% within eight weeks among registered nurses in a freestanding emergency department in South Texas. The project was grounded in Lewin’s Change Theory as the theoretical framework and implemented using the Plan–Do–Study–Act quality improvement model. A quasi-experimental, single-group pretest–posttest design was used with a …


20.01-07 Lesley University Audiovisual Materials, 1932-2013, Lesley University Archive Feb 2026

20.01-07 Lesley University Audiovisual Materials, 1932-2013, Lesley University Archive

Finding Aids

The collection includes a series of audio and video recordings in various formats, such as VHS and Betacam tapes, digital video cassette (DV), cassette tapes, CDs, and DVDs. It features media reflecting life at Lesley University, including ceremonies such as inaugurations, commencements, alumni reunions, and student activities; faculty talks and interviews; guest speakers; marketing materials; conferences; fundraising events; media coverage; and personal collections from faculty and administration donated to the university.


Cross-Sectional Study Of Resilience In Labor & Delivery Nurses, Keisha Aisha Robinson Feb 2026

Cross-Sectional Study Of Resilience In Labor & Delivery Nurses, Keisha Aisha Robinson

Creating Healthy Work Environments (CHWE)

Background: Working in the labor and delivery unit is not always joyful. Labor & delivery (L&D) nurses often encounter traumatic childbirth events (TCE) that may result in serious injury or death to the mother or child. A recent systematic review of the perceived impact of birth trauma found that 3-46% of clinicians met the criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (Uddin et al., 2022). While only 26.7% of registered nurses (RNs) report that TCE had a high influence on personal life as compared to certified nurse-midwives (52.9%) or attending physicians (50%) (Robinson et al., 2023). The role of resilience has not …


New Research Advances The Science Of Long-Term Organ Preservation, Beth Potier Feb 2026

New Research Advances The Science Of Long-Term Organ Preservation, Beth Potier

UNH Today Archive

No abstract provided.


Spirituality Educational Intervention To Enhance Nurse Resiliency, Anna Cerra Feb 2026

Spirituality Educational Intervention To Enhance Nurse Resiliency, Anna Cerra

Creating Healthy Work Environments (CHWE)

Relevance/Significance: Healthcare environments are complex exposing nurses to demanding workloads, staff turnover as well as personal stress. Resilience can help new nurses withstand the emotional stress of the workplace and improve nurse retention (Chaing et al., 2021). Evidence suggests that Spirituality Training provides resources to support clinical nurses’ use of spirituality within hospital settings to help diffuse stress, build resiliency and enhance patient outcomes (Chaing et al., 2021; Caton, 2021). Often nurses are not adequately prepared to provide spiritual care.

Purpose: The purpose of this evidence-based practice, EBP, project is to provide an educational structure using Spirituality Training …


Cake: Our Story Of The Development Of A Resource To Develop Healthy Workplace Cultures, Caroline A.W. Dickson, Kath Macdonald Feb 2026

Cake: Our Story Of The Development Of A Resource To Develop Healthy Workplace Cultures, Caroline A.W. Dickson, Kath Macdonald

Creating Healthy Work Environments (CHWE)

The purpose of this presentation is to share our story of co-designing, producing and testing of an interactive resource to promote individual and team well-being and effectiveness in clinical practice. As we emerge from the pandemic, the spotlight in global healthcare is focused on well-being and healthy workplace cultures. According to Saville (2021) stress and burnout in the workplace leads to staff moral distress and Hinderer et al. (2014) contend it is having a negative impact on patient safety and quality care. The impact extends to recruitment and retention of the health and social care workforce (Buchan et al. 2020). …


Gratitude, Materialism, And Sustainable Consumption Behaviors Among Filipino Young Adults: A Mediation Analysis, Julia May L. Benavente, Nephtaly Joel B. Botor, Helga P. Vergara, Michelle C. Merca, Sarah Jen C. Paccarangan Feb 2026

Gratitude, Materialism, And Sustainable Consumption Behaviors Among Filipino Young Adults: A Mediation Analysis, Julia May L. Benavente, Nephtaly Joel B. Botor, Helga P. Vergara, Michelle C. Merca, Sarah Jen C. Paccarangan

Journal of Management for Global Sustainability

The study examined the relationships among gratitude, materialism, and sustainable consumption behavior (SCB), exploring whether gratitude functions as a protective factor against consumerism among the youth. Using a descriptive-correlational cross-sectional design, survey data were collected from 109 Filipino college students (Mage = 22.2 years old; SD = 2.02; age range = 18–21 years old; 63.3% female; 70.6% middle-income households) who completed adapted measures of gratitude, materialism, and SCB. Results revealed nuanced associations among the three constructs. At the bivariate level, there were inverse associations between gratitude and materialism, and between materialism and SCB. At the multivariate level, a mediation analysis …


To Be Busier, The Times-Journal Feb 2026

To Be Busier, The Times-Journal

Documents

Miss Alabama Pam Battles


Staff Education On Evidence-Based Interventions To Improve Patient Engagement In An Outpatient Mental Health Clinic, Gloria Egeh Feb 2026

Staff Education On Evidence-Based Interventions To Improve Patient Engagement In An Outpatient Mental Health Clinic, Gloria Egeh

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

In this project, I implemented a staff education initiative at an outpatient psychiatric facility in Michigan to address gaps in clinicians’ and office managers’ knowledge of evidence-based patient engagement strategies. Limited understanding had hindered patient participation in treatment planning, symptom self-management, and shared decision-making, key components of recovery-oriented care. The education initiative was aimed at enhancing staff competencies to strengthen therapeutic alliances, improve treatment adherence, and support positive mental health outcomes. Guided by a practice-focused question, in the project I examined whether an evidence-based staff education program would improve patient engagement among adults receiving outpatient mental health services. A pre-/postintervention …


Exploring Noise Induced Extreme Events In Neuronal Oscillators Networks And Machine Learning Forecasts, Hariharan S Mr Feb 2026

Exploring Noise Induced Extreme Events In Neuronal Oscillators Networks And Machine Learning Forecasts, Hariharan S Mr

Theses and Dissertations

This doctoral dissertation comprehensively investigates the underexplored phenomenon of noise-induced extreme events (EE). The word “extreme” is accompanied by an occurring “event” when the deviation is extreme or higher than that of regular occurrences. These extreme occurrences are rare, abrupt, sudden, and irregular, often causing a profound impact on the system and its surroundings. Tsunami, earthquakes, solar flares, and tornadoes are such events that do not occur often but still significantly cause damage to mankind. This thesis particularly focuses on EE in neuronal systems where sudden synchronization can trigger seizures, tremors, and strokes which serve as classic examples of such …


The Colby Echo (2026-02-19), Colby College Feb 2026

The Colby Echo (2026-02-19), Colby College

The Colby Echo

No abstract provided.


Survival On Image Regression With Application To Partially Functional Distributional Representation Of Physical Activity, Rahul Ghosal, Sunwoo Emma Cho, Marcos Matabuena Feb 2026

Survival On Image Regression With Application To Partially Functional Distributional Representation Of Physical Activity, Rahul Ghosal, Sunwoo Emma Cho, Marcos Matabuena

Faculty Publications

Technological advancements in wearable devices and medical imaging often lead to high-dimensional physiological signals in the form of images or surfaces. To address these data structures, we develop a novel survival on image regression model with a specific focus on partially functional distributional representation of wearable data. The existing approaches for functional data and survival outcomes have been primarily developed for uni-dimensional functional predictors. Drawing on recent developments in distributional data analysis, we model temporally varying distributional patterns of physical activity (PA) as a partially functional distributional predictor within a semiparametric Cox model framework. We use tensor product splines to …


Nurse-Led Transformation: Evaluating The Impact Of A Professional Development Intervention On Interprofessional Collaboration, Amanda Kay Garey Feb 2026

Nurse-Led Transformation: Evaluating The Impact Of A Professional Development Intervention On Interprofessional Collaboration, Amanda Kay Garey

Creating Healthy Work Environments (CHWE)

Interprofessional collaboration (IPC) is critical in improving positive patient outcomes and achieving the quadruple aim of enhancing patient experience, improving population health, reducing costs, and improving the work-life balance of healthcare providers. Interprofessional collaboration (IPC) effectively enhances the patient experience and healthcare quality (McGuier et al., 2021). According to the Interprofessional Education Collaborative (IPEC), critical drivers for the ongoing growth of developing interprofessional collaborative practice include the need to empower the interprofessional (IPE) community with the best available evidence and research related to IPE and collaborative practice, conduct a continuous review of standard terms for competence, competency, and competency framework, …


Optimizing Workplaces And Patient Outcomes: Implementing Kotter’S Change Model, Jacquelyn Smith, Brandy L. Simpler, Kasey Chance Feb 2026

Optimizing Workplaces And Patient Outcomes: Implementing Kotter’S Change Model, Jacquelyn Smith, Brandy L. Simpler, Kasey Chance

Creating Healthy Work Environments (CHWE)

Purpose: Healthcare settings continue to experience unique challenges in maintaining healthy working environments while keeping patient care and quality a top priority (Campbell, 2020). Leaders in healthcare strive to develop and maintain healthy working environments and patient outcomes but continue to fall short of these goals (Pechacek et al., 2022). The Kotter Change Model (KCM) provides an organized process that leaders can use to inform and guide healthcare teams during change implementation (Kotter, 1995). Managing change implementation in healthcare settings is no easy task, especially in areas of high stress and staffing shortages. Organized change processes, like KCM, can improve …


Impact Of Shift Duty On Physical And Social Well-Being Of Nurses In Southwest Nigeria, Deborah Tolulope Esan, Temitope Francess Oladokun Feb 2026

Impact Of Shift Duty On Physical And Social Well-Being Of Nurses In Southwest Nigeria, Deborah Tolulope Esan, Temitope Francess Oladokun

Creating Healthy Work Environments (CHWE)

Night and weekend shifts are a complex issue that has significant impact on both nurses and their family. Although shift work is inevitable for nurses, shift duties (night and weekend) could impair family functions. Thus, this study examined the perceived impact of night and weekend shifts on physical and social well-being of nurses working in a multi-system hospital in South-west, Nigeria. The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional study design. All available Nurses, in all the major clinical area of the hospital were recruited for the study. A total of 95 nurses took part in the survey. Data collection was by …


The Impacts Of Healthy Work Environments On Retention And Well-Being Of The Nursing Workforce, Benita N. Chatmon, Ahnyel Jones-Burkes, Alison H. Davis Feb 2026

The Impacts Of Healthy Work Environments On Retention And Well-Being Of The Nursing Workforce, Benita N. Chatmon, Ahnyel Jones-Burkes, Alison H. Davis

Creating Healthy Work Environments (CHWE)

Background: The persistent nurse shortage is a critical nationwide concern with implications for healthcare and patient outcomes. Without workforce expansion, this crisis will intensify. Limited research focuses on nurse retention, particularly in Louisiana.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate factors influencing the retention and well-being of Licensed Practical and Registered nurses in Louisiana. The objective was to inform the development of effective retention strategies.

Research Question: What is the relationship between a nurse's work environment and intent to leave the profession?

Method: Employing a quantitative, descriptive approach, this research encompassed a sample of 1,209 nurses hailing from Louisiana. The research …


Crispr Spacers Reveal Diverse And Abundant Thermococcales Viruses In Hydrothermal Vents, Ryan Catchpole, Justin Mclean, Emily St John, Anna-Louise Reysenbach, Mart Krupovic, Michael P. Terns Feb 2026

Crispr Spacers Reveal Diverse And Abundant Thermococcales Viruses In Hydrothermal Vents, Ryan Catchpole, Justin Mclean, Emily St John, Anna-Louise Reysenbach, Mart Krupovic, Michael P. Terns

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Viruses are the most pervasive biological entities on Earth and they profoundly shape host ecology and evolution. However, for many microbial lineages, knowledge of their viromes remains limited, especially for those inhabiting remote environments, including deep-sea ecosystems. Here, we leverage one of the most extensively cultivated and genomically characterized archaeal lineages, the Thermococcales, to identify novel viral genomes. By utilizing CRISPR spacers from isolates and spacer arrays reconstructed from metagenomes, we mined mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in 1,172 publicly available and newly sequenced hydrothermal vent metagenomic datasets. Comparative genomics and identification of viral hallmark proteins revealed 620 viral genomes across …


Leadership Practices And Staff Well-Being In Psychiatric Emergency Services: The Impact Of Staff Morale And Burnout On Retention And Attrition, Shamagne N. Richardson Feb 2026

Leadership Practices And Staff Well-Being In Psychiatric Emergency Services: The Impact Of Staff Morale And Burnout On Retention And Attrition, Shamagne N. Richardson

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Workforce burnout, low morale, and high turnover are persistent challenges in psychiatric emergency services, where clinicians work in high-acuity environments. These conditions threaten workforce sustainability and continuity of crisis care. The problem addressed in this study was difficulty retaining staff within a nonprofit psychiatric emergency services organization due to burnout and morale erosion. The purpose of this study was to examine how leadership practices influence staff morale, burnout, and workforce retention at Psychiatric Emergency Stabilization Services X, located in New Jersey. The study was grounded in a qualitative conceptual framework informed by the Baldrige Excellence Framework. The study population included …


The Grizzly, February 19, 2026, Renee Washart, Sidney Belleroche, Nathaniel Nerone, Claudia Tracy, Zach Stanfield, Erin Ewing Feb 2026

The Grizzly, February 19, 2026, Renee Washart, Sidney Belleroche, Nathaniel Nerone, Claudia Tracy, Zach Stanfield, Erin Ewing

Ursinus College Grizzly Newspaper, 1978 to Present

Ursinus Faculty Cuts: What You Need to Know • Ursinus' MLK Interfaith Ceremony • APEX and Budget Concerns Mount, Profs Examine CIE • What Does Black History Month Mean to Ursinus Professors? • Is Anyone Reading This? • Two Ursinus Guards Reach 1,000 Career Points in Historic Season • Bears' Track Races Towards Strong Finish


Adipocyte-Specific Deletion Of Sine Oculis Homeobox Homolog 1 Inhibits Lipolysis And Reduces Skin Fibrosis, Nancy Wareing, Tingting W Mills, Scott Collum, Minghua Wu, Lucy Revercomb, René Girard, Hui Liu, Alexes Daquinag, Mikhail Kolonin, Marka Lyons, Brian Skaug, Weizhen Bi, Meer A Ali, Haniyeh Koochak, Anthony R Flores, Yuntao Yang, W Jim Zheng, William R Swindell, Shervin Assassi, Harry Karmouty-Quintana Feb 2026

Adipocyte-Specific Deletion Of Sine Oculis Homeobox Homolog 1 Inhibits Lipolysis And Reduces Skin Fibrosis, Nancy Wareing, Tingting W Mills, Scott Collum, Minghua Wu, Lucy Revercomb, René Girard, Hui Liu, Alexes Daquinag, Mikhail Kolonin, Marka Lyons, Brian Skaug, Weizhen Bi, Meer A Ali, Haniyeh Koochak, Anthony R Flores, Yuntao Yang, W Jim Zheng, William R Swindell, Shervin Assassi, Harry Karmouty-Quintana

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Dermal fibrosis is a cardinal feature of systemic sclerosis (SSc) for which there are limited Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterized by dermal fibrosis accompanied by loss of dermal white adipose tissue (DWAT), yet the mechanisms linking adipocyte depletion to fibroblast activation remain unclear. Here we identify the transcription factor SIX1 as a central regulator coupling adipogenic repression with profibrotic signaling. SIX1 expression was increased in skin biopsies from two independent SSc cohorts and localized to fibroblast and perivascular stromal cells. In mice, ubiquitous or adipocyte-specific deletion of Six1 preserved DWAT, reduced collagen accumulation, and selectively decreased pro-fibrotic mediators. In cultured …


Cml-Like Biology Is A Unifying Feature Of Myeloid/Lymphoid Neoplasms With Tyrosine Kinase Fusions In Lymphoid Blast Phase Comment On: Multilineage Involvement In Abl-Class Fusion-Positive Pediatric B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Cml-Like Biology, Wei J Wang, Shimin Hu Feb 2026

Cml-Like Biology Is A Unifying Feature Of Myeloid/Lymphoid Neoplasms With Tyrosine Kinase Fusions In Lymphoid Blast Phase Comment On: Multilineage Involvement In Abl-Class Fusion-Positive Pediatric B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Cml-Like Biology, Wei J Wang, Shimin Hu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.


Optimising Time For Schoolwide Improvement: Developing A Time-Use Study Process For Mtss Leadership Teams, Hank Bohanon, Eleanor Charlton, Alejandra Vazquez, Anna Press Feb 2026

Optimising Time For Schoolwide Improvement: Developing A Time-Use Study Process For Mtss Leadership Teams, Hank Bohanon, Eleanor Charlton, Alejandra Vazquez, Anna Press

Education: School of Education Faculty Publications and Other Works

School reformers have inundated staff with numerous improvement efforts in recent years. These efforts include multi-tiered systems of support (MTSS) that involve early, preventative interventions. Educators, already burdened with heavy workloads, may feel frustrated by the lack of time to implement MTSS approaches. Researchers suggest that time-use studies could help educators better understand and optimize their use of temporal resources. However, no time-study research has specifically addressed school MTSS leadership teams. This research involved developing a time-use study process to support leadership teams in gathering and reflecting on time-use data to improve MTSS implementation. Researchers gathered educators’ recommendations from four …


The Overlooked Burden: Anti-Seizure Medications, Laxatives, And Antipsychotics Prescribed In Primary Care For People With Intellectual Disability, Rohit Shankar, Richard Laugharne, Ian Wilson, Mike Wilcock Feb 2026

The Overlooked Burden: Anti-Seizure Medications, Laxatives, And Antipsychotics Prescribed In Primary Care For People With Intellectual Disability, Rohit Shankar, Richard Laugharne, Ian Wilson, Mike Wilcock

Peninsula Medical School

Objectives: People with intellectual disabilities (PwID) have higher prevalences of epilepsy and constipation than the general population. Constipation is having fewer than three bowel movements or requiring laxatives three or more times weekly. Both epilepsy and constipation contribute significantly to premature mortality. To manage constipation, many individuals are prescribed long-term laxatives, which serve as a surrogate indicator of constipation. PwID and epilepsy also have a high prevalence of multimorbidity and polypharmacy, particularly involving antiseizure medications (ASMs) and antipsychotics. This study aimed to explore associations between ASM use, antipsychotics, and laxative prescribing.Method: The primary care dataset in Cornwall, England (population 572,000), …


Applications Of Chatbots In Improving Patient Care Outcomes: A Scoping Review, Mohammadhiwa Abdekhoda, Afsaneh Dehnad Feb 2026

Applications Of Chatbots In Improving Patient Care Outcomes: A Scoping Review, Mohammadhiwa Abdekhoda, Afsaneh Dehnad

Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal

This review explored the application of chatbots in healthcare, focusing on patient monitoring, personalised care and medical services. It examined the potential of chatbots to improve patient outcomes through artificial intelligence-driven technologies, addressing challenges such as data security and system integration. This scoping review, conducted from January to March 2025, adhered to the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A thorough literature search was performed across Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed, using keywords such as "patient care", "outcome", and "chatbot*". After screening for relevance and applying inclusion criteria, a total of 70 articles were analysed, focusing on chatbots' roles in improving patient care …


Living Faithfully In An Economic Revolution, Part Ii: Ai's Impact On Productivity And Labor, Joshua E. Hollinger Feb 2026

Living Faithfully In An Economic Revolution, Part Ii: Ai's Impact On Productivity And Labor, Joshua E. Hollinger

Faculty Work Comprehensive List

"AI is unlikely to eliminate human work entirely. But it may radically reshape which skills are valuable, how labor is compensated, and how widely the gains from productivity are shared."

Posting about the influence of AI on labor from In All Things, an online hub that offers insight into maintaining and faithful and orthodox Reformed Christian worldview while fearlessly engaging in every aspect of contemporary life – until all is made new.

Living Faithfully in an Economic Revolution, Part II


The Cost Of A Healthy Diet And Its Association With Bmi In Crisis-Stricken Lebanon, Maha Hoteit, Myriam Abboud, Maroun Khattar, Rana Rizk Feb 2026

The Cost Of A Healthy Diet And Its Association With Bmi In Crisis-Stricken Lebanon, Maha Hoteit, Myriam Abboud, Maroun Khattar, Rana Rizk

All Works

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Lebanese adults living with underweight, overweight or obesity, assess and compare the cost of the Mediterranean Diet (MD) with that of the current dietary consumption pattern and explore diet cost as a determinant of living with underweight, overweight or obesity. Design: Data for this nationally representative cross-sectional study were collected through sociodemographic questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, the Arab Family Food Security Scale and dietary assessments using a validated FFQ and 24-h recalls. Diet costs were calculated based on 2023 market prices using purchasing power parity. Logistic regression was used to assess associations …


Mitigating Procurement Risks: A Framework For Good Governance In Public Contracting, Karem Sayed Aboelazm, Raghda Raafat, Fady Tawakol, Khalid Mohamed Dganni Feb 2026

Mitigating Procurement Risks: A Framework For Good Governance In Public Contracting, Karem Sayed Aboelazm, Raghda Raafat, Fady Tawakol, Khalid Mohamed Dganni

All Works

This paper seeks to explore internal and emerging limitations set within the public procurement system. It suggests institutional structures to oversee such a process, more than just technical fixes (Enayati & Özaltin, 2024). It also aims to move beyond the technologies themselves by bringing governance, standards, and principles into public procurement. The present paper is descriptive-analytic and was conducted based on a review of literature and research reports. It also employs a qualitative interpretive methodology for analysis of international organization reports and identifies various types of public procurements, such as procedural and contextual systemic risks. The paper draws a number …