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Effect Of Menstrual Cycle On Lower-Body Power Output In Active College-Aged Women, Peyton Schmidt, Taylor Vannett, Erika Short Feb 2026

Effect Of Menstrual Cycle On Lower-Body Power Output In Active College-Aged Women, Peyton Schmidt, Taylor Vannett, Erika Short

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The menstrual cycle is a normal physiological process that may influence physical and psychological performance in women. Many women report feeling less powerful during their menstrual cycle, which may affect athletic performance.  PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the menstrual cycle affects lower-body power output in active college-aged women.  METHODS: Twenty active women (18–25 years; M = 20.35 ± 1.98) participated in this study. All participants experienced regular menstrual cycles and were recreationally active or competitive athletes. Testing was conducted in the Texas Lutheran University Kinesiology Lab using a Biodex Dynamometer. After signing an informed consent, …

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Muscle Excitation During Volume-Equated Squats Performed With And Without Blood Flow Restriction, Danielle Hitchens, Joshua L. Keller, Kase Pennartz, Wonjae Lee, Jeremiah Blough, Myungjin Jung, Jiwon Song Feb 2026

Muscle Excitation During Volume-Equated Squats Performed With And Without Blood Flow Restriction, Danielle Hitchens, Joshua L. Keller, Kase Pennartz, Wonjae Lee, Jeremiah Blough, Myungjin Jung, Jiwon Song

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Blood flow restriction (BFR) resistance training has gained increasing attention in clinical, athletic, and recreational settings. It has been proposed that low-load resistance exercise combined with BFR can elicit significant muscle adaptations, potentially mimicking the effects of high-load training. Despite the growing use of this modality, the effects of BFR on muscle excitation remain incompletely understood., Surface electromyography (EMG) provides a useful approach for examining these responses. Additionally, volume-matched exercise conditions are needed to isolate the unique effects of load and BFR. PURPOSE: Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether muscle excitation differs across four sets of …

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Association Of Body Mass Index With Gait Dynamics And Fall Risk In College Students, Diego Diaz-Vega, Heontae Kim, Ho Han, Jungyu Lee Feb 2026

Association Of Body Mass Index With Gait Dynamics And Fall Risk In College Students, Diego Diaz-Vega, Heontae Kim, Ho Han, Jungyu Lee

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: Although falls are typically associated with older adults, identifying early indicators of fall risk among young populations may help prevent future mobility decline. Because body mass index (BMI) is a modifiable factor that can influence balance and gait stability, understanding its role in early fall risk is important. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine differences in fall risk and gait characteristics across BMI categories in college students. METHODS: Fifteen college students participated in this study and were classified into normal, overweight, or obese groups according to BMI. Fall risk was assessed using the Fall Risk Assessment …

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Enhancing Dispositional Mindfulness And Emotion Regulation In Youth Athletes Via A Breathwork And Visualization Intervention, Imare Tasby, Louis Hein, Rene Barbier, Kenia Gonzalez, Mei-Jing Ang, Sven Hoekstra, Kelvin Wu Feb 2026

Enhancing Dispositional Mindfulness And Emotion Regulation In Youth Athletes Via A Breathwork And Visualization Intervention, Imare Tasby, Louis Hein, Rene Barbier, Kenia Gonzalez, Mei-Jing Ang, Sven Hoekstra, Kelvin Wu

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Competitive youth sports impose significant psychological demands, often leading to stress and maladaptive emotional regulation. Dispositional mindfulness protects against burnout, yet practical interventions for youth athletes are scarce. Breathwork and visualization offer a physiological gateway to emotional control, but their efficacy in this population is unclear. PURPOSE: This study examined the efficacy of a 12-week breathwork and visualization intervention on dispositional mindfulness and emotion regulation strategies (cognitive reappraisal vs. expressive suppression) in adolescent soccer players. METHODS: Twenty-seven athletes were initially recruited from Soccer Central San Antonio. Following 5 dropouts (1 intervention, 4 control), a final sample of 22 participants …

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The Effect Of A 12-Week Breathwork And Visualization Intervention On Inhibitory Control And Cognitive Flexibility In Adolescent Soccer Players, Louis Hein, Jace Nicolet, Tiffany Gomez, Mei-Jing Ang, Sven Hoekstra, Kelvin C. Wu Feb 2026

The Effect Of A 12-Week Breathwork And Visualization Intervention On Inhibitory Control And Cognitive Flexibility In Adolescent Soccer Players, Louis Hein, Jace Nicolet, Tiffany Gomez, Mei-Jing Ang, Sven Hoekstra, Kelvin C. Wu

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Cognitive inhibition and flexibility are essential for soccer performance, enabling players to adapt to dynamic environments. However, accumulated season fatigue often degrades these executive functions. The Neurovisceral Integration Model posits that prefrontal cognitive function is linked to cardiac vagal tone, suggesting that autonomic regulation may support inhibitory control. While breathwork is known to enhance autonomic regulation, its potential to preserve cognitive function in youth athletes is untested. PURPOSE: This study investigated the effects of a 12-week breathwork and visualization protocol on inhibitory control (Stroop) and cognitive flexibility (Task-Switching) in adolescent soccer players. METHODS: Athletes were recruited from Soccer Central San …

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Cross-Validating The Healthy Step Length Equation: Evaluating Prediction Accuracy In Community-Dwelling Older Adults, Jungyu Lee, Ho Han, Heontae Kim, Diego Diaz-Vega Feb 2026

Cross-Validating The Healthy Step Length Equation: Evaluating Prediction Accuracy In Community-Dwelling Older Adults, Jungyu Lee, Ho Han, Heontae Kim, Diego Diaz-Vega

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Step length is a key indicator of gait efficiency and mobility in older adults, closely associated with fall risk, frailty, and overall health. However, most available prediction equations are based solely on height or have not undergone empirical validation, which limits their precision and applicability in aging populations. PURPOSE: This study aimed to cross-validate the newly developed Healthy Step Length Equation, which incorporates age, sex, height, weight, and walking speed, by comparing it with three commonly used height-based models to evaluate its predictive accuracy, and clinical relevance in older adults. METHODS: A total of 174 healthy, community-dwelling adults …

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Do Cardiovascular Disease Risk Indices Differ Based On The Body Roundness Index Among First Responders?, Samantha Umfrid, Michael Conner, Steven E. Martin, Matthew J. Mcallister, Drew E. Gonzalez Feb 2026

Do Cardiovascular Disease Risk Indices Differ Based On The Body Roundness Index Among First Responders?, Samantha Umfrid, Michael Conner, Steven E. Martin, Matthew J. Mcallister, Drew E. Gonzalez

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

First responders need simple, cost-effective health assessments to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The Body Roundness Index (BRI) has emerged as a potential tool for evaluating health over the past decade, but has not yet been used among first responder groups. PURPOSE: We compared CVD risk biomarkers across BRI quartile groups. METHODS: Archival data from annual clinical testing on 170 first responders were analyzed. The BRI was categorized into quartiles: Q1 (<3.1), Q2 (3.1-3.7), Q3 (3.7-4.6), and Q4 (>4.6). The 2013 Thomas et al. equation calculated BRI, using waist circumference (Wc) and height (Ht): BRI = 364.2 – 365.5 x √[1 – ((Wc/2π)² / …

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Effect Of Acute Sleep Fragmentation On Skeletal Muscle Blood Flow During Handgrip Exercise, Gabriel Narvaez, Joaquin Gonzales Feb 2026

Effect Of Acute Sleep Fragmentation On Skeletal Muscle Blood Flow During Handgrip Exercise, Gabriel Narvaez, Joaquin Gonzales

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Sleep fragmentation (arousals from sleep) has been shown to impair vascular function due to elevated inflammation and oxidative stress. Previous research on this topic has focused on resting vascular function, with little information available about the effect of poor sleep on hyperemic responses to exercise. PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that acute sleep fragmentation impairs skeletal muscle blood flow during exercise. METHODS: Fifteen adults (7F, 8M, age- 25 ± 5 y, BMI 23.5 ± 2.5 kg/m2) participated in a randomized crossover study that included one night of habitual sleep and one night of sleep fragmentation separated by at least 7 …

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The Effect Of Mental Imagery On Free Throw Shooting Percentage, Kaydon Jackson, Kadyn Hall, Casi Helbig Feb 2026

The Effect Of Mental Imagery On Free Throw Shooting Percentage, Kaydon Jackson, Kadyn Hall, Casi Helbig

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Mental imagery is a cognitive process involving the internal simulation of sensory experiences without external stimuli and is commonly used in sport performance preparation. When structured and deliberately practiced, mental imagery can enhance skill acquisition and performance outcomes PURPOSE: This study investigated whether PETTLEP-guided mental imagery (Physical, Environment, Task, Timing, Learning, Emotion, Perspective), performed without any physical practice, could enhance free-throw accuracy. METHODS: Twenty collegiate baseball players were randomly assigned to a PETTLEP imagery group (n=10) or a control group (n=10). Over two weeks, the experimental group participated in five guided mental imagery sessions, each lasting five minutes, while the …

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Effect Of Voltage-Dependent Potassium Channel Antagonism On Thermal Hyperemia In Skeletal Muscle Of Humans, Ysabella I. Ruiz-Pick, Sophia G. Wagle-Babb, Asim Kichloo, Albert H. Olivencia-Yurvati, Gregory M. Dick, Steven A. Romero Feb 2026

Effect Of Voltage-Dependent Potassium Channel Antagonism On Thermal Hyperemia In Skeletal Muscle Of Humans, Ysabella I. Ruiz-Pick, Sophia G. Wagle-Babb, Asim Kichloo, Albert H. Olivencia-Yurvati, Gregory M. Dick, Steven A. Romero

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

We recently identified a critical role for voltage-dependent potassium (KV) channels in pharmacological vasodilation in human skeletal muscle. However, the extent to which these findings translate to physiological vasodilation remains unknown. Acute heat exposure increases skeletal muscle blood flow, but the contribution of KV channels to this hyperemic response is unclear. PURPOSE: Therefore, the purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that KV channel antagonism would attenuate thermal hyperemia in skeletal muscle of humans. METHODS: We utilized microdialysis to directly measure local blood flow at two sites in the vastus lateralis muscle …

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What The Dose?: Assessing The Effect Of Different Doses Of Arugula Extract Capsules On Blood Pressure And Endothelial Function, Autumn E. Andrews, Leroy K. Bolden, Andrew R. Gallucci, Tomas J. Chapman-Lopez, Mary C. Pickler, Olivia C. Russell, Katherine M. Lee, Savannah V. Rauschendorfer Feb 2026

What The Dose?: Assessing The Effect Of Different Doses Of Arugula Extract Capsules On Blood Pressure And Endothelial Function, Autumn E. Andrews, Leroy K. Bolden, Andrew R. Gallucci, Tomas J. Chapman-Lopez, Mary C. Pickler, Olivia C. Russell, Katherine M. Lee, Savannah V. Rauschendorfer

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The effects of consuming nitrate-rich crops and supplements such as beetroot juice and spinach on endothelial function and blood pressure (BP) via nitric oxide (NO) production have been well established in previous literature. However, limited literature exists on arugula supplementation (e.g., arugula extract) as a source of NO and its effect on vascular function.  PURPOSE: The present study assessed the effect of high and low doses of arugula extract (AE) on blood pressure, vascular measures, and nitrate/nitrite concentrations. METHODS: Eight apparently healthy participants completed a single-blind crossover design study. All participants were randomized for three conditions (3000mg, 6000mg, …

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Under Pressure: Arugula Extract’S Effect On Cardiovascular Measures In Hypertensive Individuals, Leroy K. Bolden, Andrew R. Gallucci, Autumn E. Andrews, Mary C. Pickler, Blake E. Wright, Tomas J. Chapman-Lopez, Savannah V. Rauschendorfer Feb 2026

Under Pressure: Arugula Extract’S Effect On Cardiovascular Measures In Hypertensive Individuals, Leroy K. Bolden, Andrew R. Gallucci, Autumn E. Andrews, Mary C. Pickler, Blake E. Wright, Tomas J. Chapman-Lopez, Savannah V. Rauschendorfer

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Hypertension (HTN) is one of the major contributing factors associated with the progression and development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Moreover, HTN is expected to significantly increase by the year 2050. Nitrate supplements such as beetroot juice (BRJ) have been utilized as a dietary therapeutic to mitigate the progression of HTN and CVD; however, arugula extract, which has a higher nitrate content, has yet to be assessed. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of arugula extract on cardiovascular health measures in hypertensive individuals.  METHODS: 12 participants (M = 11; F = 1) with stage …

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Mental Effort Responses To Low Cognitive Load Stimuli During Euhydrated Versus Hypohydrated Fatigue State, Austin Dunn, Lily Hargrove, James Rowe, Luis Aguerrevere, Eric Jones Feb 2026

Mental Effort Responses To Low Cognitive Load Stimuli During Euhydrated Versus Hypohydrated Fatigue State, Austin Dunn, Lily Hargrove, James Rowe, Luis Aguerrevere, Eric Jones

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Improper body water regulation contributes to physiological changes, affects mood states, and impacts regulation of behavioral responses. With improvements in eye tracking technology (fixation duration and pupil diameter), the ability to quantify focal points and mental effort has expanded greatly. PURPOSE: To examine the effects that fatigue states and hydration, (euhydrated (Eu) vs. hypohydrated (Hypo)), has on average fixation duration and pupil diameter using five separate low cognitive load hydration stimuli. METHODS: Six college aged males underwent two trials of active fatigue/dehydration in an environmental chamber at 35℃ until 2% body water loss was achieved. Fluid restriction and ad-libitum consumption …

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Nirs-Vot Measures That Relate To Hyperemic Peak Velocity, William M. Kerr, Kase J. Pennartz, Ethan J. Hein, Justin D. Sprick, Joshua L. Keller Feb 2026

Nirs-Vot Measures That Relate To Hyperemic Peak Velocity, William M. Kerr, Kase J. Pennartz, Ethan J. Hein, Justin D. Sprick, Joshua L. Keller

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Early identification of individuals at risk for future adverse cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction and stroke, is critical for implementing targeted interventions that preserve physical function and independence. Microvascular function has emerged as a key marker of cardiovascular risk; however, multiple techniques exist to assess reactive hyperemia. Ultrasound-derived brachial artery hyperemic peak velocity (HPV) following cuff release has previously been associated with cardiovascular outcomes, with higher velocities corresponding to a nearly 50% reduction in risk. However, it remains unclear which near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)–derived skeletal muscle tissue oxygenation (StO2, %) responses quantified during a vascular occlusion test (VOT) …

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Exploring A Live-Streamed Audience’S Impact On Performance, Rating Of Perceived Exertion, And Social Physique Anxiety During The Ymca Bench Press Test, Daimien J. Campos, Amber M. Shipherd, Christopher M. Hearon Feb 2026

Exploring A Live-Streamed Audience’S Impact On Performance, Rating Of Perceived Exertion, And Social Physique Anxiety During The Ymca Bench Press Test, Daimien J. Campos, Amber M. Shipherd, Christopher M. Hearon

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The presence of an audience impacts exercise performance, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and social physique anxiety (SPA) through self-presentation theory. Research has found physical audiences influence exercise performance, RPE, and SPA, whereas recorded digital audiences show increased SPA but no changes to performance or RPE. Given audience visibility appears necessary for these changes to occur, live-streaming platforms, an unexplored area in research, may offer a viable alternative by providing real-time viewer feedback. PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of a live-streamed audience on physically active males’ and females’ exercise performance, RPE, and SPA during a YMCA bench press test. METHODS: …

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Do Different Practice Approaches Affect Intrinsic Motivation Based On A Goal-Directed Behavior?, Elissa D. Torres-Colon, Anthony W. Fava, Emily J. Sauers Feb 2026

Do Different Practice Approaches Affect Intrinsic Motivation Based On A Goal-Directed Behavior?, Elissa D. Torres-Colon, Anthony W. Fava, Emily J. Sauers

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Optimizing motivation leads to enhanced motor performance and improved psychological health in human performers. However, the influence of the type of practice approach on intrinsic motivation among softball pitchers when they learn new pitches is less clear. PURPOSE: To compare intrinsic motivation in adolescent softball pitchers following a practice session using two different practice approaches. METHODS: Fifty adolescent-aged softball pitchers seeking to obtain a breaking pitch (drop ball) were randomly assigned into two practice designs, each with the same goal-directed behavior of “creating as much downward vertical break on the ball as possible.” One group practiced using a …

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Catching Arterial Aging: Preliminary Evidence Of Autoantigen Specific T Cell Activation In Aging Arteries, Katherine Smith, David J. Buckley, Daniel W. Trott Feb 2026

Catching Arterial Aging: Preliminary Evidence Of Autoantigen Specific T Cell Activation In Aging Arteries, Katherine Smith, David J. Buckley, Daniel W. Trott

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States, and aging is a major risk factor for the development of CVD. Aging is associated with vascular inflammation and T cell accumulation, even in the absence of infection or injury. Previous studies in rodent models of hypertension and heart failure suggest that autoantigens may contribute to cardiovascular dysfunction. However, whether autoantigens inappropriately activate T cells in old mice and drive age related arterial dysfunction is unclear. PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine whether age related arterial inflammation results from antigen dependent activation, suggesting the presence of …

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Determining The Predictors Of Rate Of Core Temperature Rise In Physically Active Men And Women, Mario I. Hernandez, Alexandra P. Brojanac, Tyler B. Mccollum, Rachel R. Roberts, Caitlin C. Sassetti, Yasuki Sekiguchi Feb 2026

Determining The Predictors Of Rate Of Core Temperature Rise In Physically Active Men And Women, Mario I. Hernandez, Alexandra P. Brojanac, Tyler B. Mccollum, Rachel R. Roberts, Caitlin C. Sassetti, Yasuki Sekiguchi

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

With increasing global temperatures and interest in sports participation, more physically active men and women are exposed to hotter temperatures. To ensure the safety of these individuals, it is essential to identify the predictors of the rate of core temperature rise. PURPOSE: To determine the predictors of the rate of core temperature rise between males and females while exercising in warm and hot environments. METHODS: Physically active eleven males (age: 23±5 yrs, body mass: 72±8 kg, height: 175±8 cm, estimated maximal oxygen uptake [VO2max]: 51.6±5.9 ml⋅kg-1⋅min-1) and six females (age: 27±8 yrs, …

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Investigating The Impact Of Circuit Training In The Heat On Sleep And Recovery, Alexandra P. Brojanac, Mario I. Hernandez, Jenna R. King, Yasuki Sekiguchi, Ryan A. Dunn Feb 2026

Investigating The Impact Of Circuit Training In The Heat On Sleep And Recovery, Alexandra P. Brojanac, Mario I. Hernandez, Jenna R. King, Yasuki Sekiguchi, Ryan A. Dunn

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Acute exertional heat exposure can disrupt sleep and recovery, though adaptation may occur with multiple heat exposures to mitigate this negative effect. PURPOSE: This study investigates the effects of circuit training in the heat on post-exercise sleep and recovery. METHODS: Seven trained men (Mean±SD; age: 23±3 yrs, height: 175.9±11.5 cm, weight: 82.0±16.4 kg) completed 5 days of circuit training in the heat (35°C, 40% relative humidity), which consisted of 40 min of sprinting, and upper and lower body functional exercises. Objective sleep and recovery were monitored with a wearable fitness monitoring device on each night during the study period. Additionally, …

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Sex Differences In Pre-Cooling Effect On Cognitive Processing Changes During Exercise In The Heat, Kristin N. Grabow, Amber M. Shipherd, Meral N. Culver, Christopher M. Hearon Feb 2026

Sex Differences In Pre-Cooling Effect On Cognitive Processing Changes During Exercise In The Heat, Kristin N. Grabow, Amber M. Shipherd, Meral N. Culver, Christopher M. Hearon

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Cognitive processing (CP) declines during exercise are greater in the heat, but precooling (PC) prior to exercise in the heat can attenuate this decline. While males (M) and females (F) do not differ with regard to the impact of PC on thermoregulatory variables during exercise in the heat, F do demonstrate better perceptional values than M when using PC prior to exercise in the heat. Thus, if perceptional values potentially impact CP during exercise in the heat, then the PC impact on that response could differ between M and F. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare sex …

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The Effects Of Multiple Circuit Training Sessions In Hot Compared To Thermoneutral Environmental Conditions On Environmental Symptomology, Jenna King, Ryan Dunn, Alexandra Brojanac, Mario Hernandez, Yasuki Sekiguchi Feb 2026

The Effects Of Multiple Circuit Training Sessions In Hot Compared To Thermoneutral Environmental Conditions On Environmental Symptomology, Jenna King, Ryan Dunn, Alexandra Brojanac, Mario Hernandez, Yasuki Sekiguchi

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Heat acclimation (HA) protocols have been under constant development since the 20th century, with the optimal HA approach yet to be determined. Adaptations from traditional approaches likely favor aerobic performance due to the nature of low- to moderate-intensity, endurance-based exercise in the heat. However, individuals involved in team sports, military personnel, and occupational workers may benefit from adaptations induced by a HA protocol that is more sport-/activity-specific. PURPOSE: To investigate differences in environmental symptomatology during a circuit training session in the heat (35°C; 40% relative humidity [RH]) following short-term (5 day) circuit training in hot and thermoneutral environmental conditions. METHODS: …

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Effects Of Age And Sex On Reaction Time In Masters Track And Field Athletes, Yanbing Zhou, Natalie Mclaurin, Jonas Boecker, Phil Chilibeck, Tanja Taivassalo, Sean Forbes, Dominik Pesta, Jörn Rittweger, Hirofumi Tanaka Feb 2026

Effects Of Age And Sex On Reaction Time In Masters Track And Field Athletes, Yanbing Zhou, Natalie Mclaurin, Jonas Boecker, Phil Chilibeck, Tanja Taivassalo, Sean Forbes, Dominik Pesta, Jörn Rittweger, Hirofumi Tanaka

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Reaction time (RT) is a key indicator of cognitive processing speed and plays a critical role in athletic performance.  Investigating RT in masters athletes can provide valuable insight as it may help disentangle age-related cognitive processing from physical decline.  However, it is unknown whether masters athletes exhibit age-related declines in RT and whether sex and task complexity modulate these changes.  PURPOSE: To evaluate RT in male and female masters track-and-field athletes varying in age.   METHODS: One hundred and eighty-two masters athletes were recruited from the 2025 World Masters Athletics Indoor Track and Field Championships in Florida.  Four RT …

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Expanding Understanding Of Age-Related Differences In Cardiorespiratory Fitness And Body Composition Among Firefighters: A Single, Large-Scale, Metropolitan-Departmental Study, Jisun Chun, Kelly Hines, Michael J. Conner, Brian Newman, Lisa C. Colvin, Steven E. Martin, Drew E. Gonzalez Feb 2026

Expanding Understanding Of Age-Related Differences In Cardiorespiratory Fitness And Body Composition Among Firefighters: A Single, Large-Scale, Metropolitan-Departmental Study, Jisun Chun, Kelly Hines, Michael J. Conner, Brian Newman, Lisa C. Colvin, Steven E. Martin, Drew E. Gonzalez

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

While prior research has examined age-related changes in small firefighter (FF) cohorts, large-scale analyses are needed to clarify the effects of aging on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body composition (BC). PURPOSE: To examine age-related differences in CRF and BC among FF across four age groups. METHODS: Four hundred and ninety-nine FF completed a cycle ergometer cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and bioelectrical impedance via an InBody BC assessment. Age group sizes were as follows: 20-29s = 62; 30-39s = 162; 40-49s = 153; and 50+ = 122. A general linear model (GLM) was used to evaluate the effects of …

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Associations Between Body Roundness Index And Cardiovascular Disease Risk Indices Among First Responders?, Raed Alfaleet, Samantha Umfrid, Michael Conner, Steven E. Martin, Matthew J. Mcallister, Lisa C. Colvin, Drew E. Gonzalez Feb 2026

Associations Between Body Roundness Index And Cardiovascular Disease Risk Indices Among First Responders?, Raed Alfaleet, Samantha Umfrid, Michael Conner, Steven E. Martin, Matthew J. Mcallister, Lisa C. Colvin, Drew E. Gonzalez

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

First responders are in critical need of simple and cost-effective methods for pragmatic health assessments to help mitigate the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The Body Roundness Index (BRI) has emerged over the last decade as a potential tool for assessing overall health. However, this method has yet to be applied among first responder groups. PURPOSE: We compared CVD risk biomarkers across BRI quartile groups. METHODS: Archival data for 170 (n = 170) first responders were analyzed from annual clinical testing. The BRI was used categorically; participants were grouped into quartiles as follows: Q1 (<3.1), Q2 (3.1 – 3.7), Q3 (3.7 – 4.6), and Q4 (>4.6). To calculate …

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Impact Of Age On Non-Conventional Physiological Stress, Oxidative Stress, And Inflammatory Biomarkers Among First Responders, Ethan C. Mccarty, Samantha Umfrid, Michael Conner, Steven E. Martin, Lisa C. Colvin, Matthew J. Mcallister, Drew E. Gonzalez Feb 2026

Impact Of Age On Non-Conventional Physiological Stress, Oxidative Stress, And Inflammatory Biomarkers Among First Responders, Ethan C. Mccarty, Samantha Umfrid, Michael Conner, Steven E. Martin, Lisa C. Colvin, Matthew J. Mcallister, Drew E. Gonzalez

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Previous studies have examined age-related CVD risk factors in small first-responder (FR) groups but haven't explored how age influences non-traditional stress markers and inflammation biomarkers. PURPOSE: To examine age-related differences in non-conventional physiological stress, oxidative stress, and inflammatory biomarkers among FRs. METHODS: Archival data for 170 FRs were analyzed from annual clinical testing. Age groups were 20-39 years and 40 years and above. General linear models (GLMs) were used to evaluate the effects of age group and occupational group on blood and salivary biomarkers: advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), C-reactive protein (CRP), blood cortisol (CORT), salivary cortisol (sCORT), …

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Impacts Of Perceived Trauma On Occupational Performance Among Firefighters And Law Enforcement Officers, Pedro Caniz, Ashley Khanhkham, Steven E. Martin, Lisa C. Colvin, Michael Conner, Drew Gonzalez Feb 2026

Impacts Of Perceived Trauma On Occupational Performance Among Firefighters And Law Enforcement Officers, Pedro Caniz, Ashley Khanhkham, Steven E. Martin, Lisa C. Colvin, Michael Conner, Drew Gonzalez

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

First responders (FRs) frequently face traumatic incidents, which can lead to posttraumatic stress, emotional exhaustion, and decreased job performance. Although tactical teams are more vulnerable to trauma-related mental health problems, there is limited research on how perceived trauma and coping self-efficacy influence perceived barriers to seeking help. PURPOSE: To assess perceived trauma exposure, symptom severity, coping self-efficacy, and help-seeking barriers among U.S. FRs. METHODS: A nationwide online survey was distributed via email and social media to recruit active FRs. The survey collected demographic data, years of service, trauma exposure, the PTSD Diagnostic Scale for DSM-5 (PDS-5), and the …

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Impact Of Body Mass Index On Non-Conventional Physiological Stress, Oxidative Stress, And Inflammatory Biomarkers Among Fire Responders, Natania Hsyung, Samantha Umfrid, Michael Conner, Steven E. Martin, Lisa C. Colvin, Matthew J. Mcallister, Drew Gonzalez Feb 2026

Impact Of Body Mass Index On Non-Conventional Physiological Stress, Oxidative Stress, And Inflammatory Biomarkers Among Fire Responders, Natania Hsyung, Samantha Umfrid, Michael Conner, Steven E. Martin, Lisa C. Colvin, Matthew J. Mcallister, Drew Gonzalez

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Firefighters and responders face stress from activity, irregular hours, and hazards, raising obesity and cardiometabolic risks. Higher BMI is linked to inflammation and oxidative stress, but few studies examine these in tactical groups using unconventional biomarkers. Studying BMI-related markers could identify early signs of stress and aid in developing tailored wellness program strategies. PURPOSE: Archival data for 170 (n = 170) first responders were analyzed from annual clinical testing. BMI groups were considered. The first responders were stratified into three BMI groups: “healthy” (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), “overweight” (25.0–29.9 kg/m2), and “obese” (≥30.0 kg/m2). General linear models (GLM) were …

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Bone Mineral Density In Physique- Focused And Non-Physique Focused Female Collegiate Athletes: Associations With Reds Risk Factors, Diana E. Kolb, Nicole L. Cipriano, Ross A. Moody, Jason A. Stephens, Martin R. Lindley, Megan E. Ware, Lydia K. Caldwell, Sarah Deemer Feb 2026

Bone Mineral Density In Physique- Focused And Non-Physique Focused Female Collegiate Athletes: Associations With Reds Risk Factors, Diana E. Kolb, Nicole L. Cipriano, Ross A. Moody, Jason A. Stephens, Martin R. Lindley, Megan E. Ware, Lydia K. Caldwell, Sarah Deemer

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Bone mineral density (BMD) is a critical indicator of skeletal health and long-term injury risk in athletic populations. Female athletes are susceptible to changes in BMD due to sport-specific training demands, hormonal dysregulation, and energy availability. PURPOSE: The present study aimed to compare BMD between physique focused (PF) and non-physique focused (NPF) female collegiate athletes and assess the prevalence of various risk factors associated with Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) across both groups. METHODS: Thirty-three female athletes were evaluated for BMD via Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA), REDs risk using the CAT2, and anthropometric measurements, blood biomarkers, the Eating Disorder …

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Fitness Profiles Of Firefighters Who Reported Workers' Compensation: Are Those Who Filed Fit For Duty, Sage A. Newman, Kaitlyn J. Mchahan, Kelly Hines, Newman Brian, Micheil Spillane, Michael J. Conner, Drew Gonzalez Feb 2026

Fitness Profiles Of Firefighters Who Reported Workers' Compensation: Are Those Who Filed Fit For Duty, Sage A. Newman, Kaitlyn J. Mchahan, Kelly Hines, Newman Brian, Micheil Spillane, Michael J. Conner, Drew Gonzalez

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Firefighting demands physical resilience, such as good aerobic capacity (AC) and a healthy body composition, to prevent injuries. Excess fat and low lean mass increase MSK injury risk, mainly strains and sprains. Knowing AC and body factors linked to injuries can help reduce the risk of strain. PURPOSE: We compared the AC profiles of those who filed for workers' compensation (WC) to those who did not. METHODS: Archival data for four hundred and ninety-nine (n = 499) career male (n = 466) and female (n = 28) firefighters were analyzed from annual clinical testing. AC profiles (i.e., VO …

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Influence Of Auditory Noise And Weighted Vests On Stance Phase Kinetics In Children With Autism, Michael J. Stewart, Mia D. Hite, John R. Harry Feb 2026

Influence Of Auditory Noise And Weighted Vests On Stance Phase Kinetics In Children With Autism, Michael J. Stewart, Mia D. Hite, John R. Harry

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often demonstrate atypical sensory processing (i.e., hyper- and hypo-sensitivities to auditory stimuli). Such deficits may influence motor coordination while walking in everyday environments. Weighted vests are commonly used by clinicians as a sensory integration therapy technique intended to primarily remediate behavioral responses. Despite its potential to positively influence walking mechanics, weighted vests have only been examined to a limited extent. In addition, the influence of auditory noise during walking has been largely understudied during gait regardless of its association with atypical sensory processing. Understanding stance phase kinetics may help characterize heterogenous responses to sensory …

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