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Articles 28261 - 28290 of 1738860
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Career Day Planning: Alumni Agree To 'Come Home', Teresa Leonard
Career Day Planning: Alumni Agree To 'Come Home', Teresa Leonard
Documents
The article describes the return of various alumni to discuss their careers with students at the University of North Alabama, among them is Charlotte Tomlinson Homan, an alumna of School of Nursing and employee of the critical care unit at the Colonial Manor Hospital.
“Indelible Always”: Recollecting May Swenson, Sylvia Sukop
“Indelible Always”: Recollecting May Swenson, Sylvia Sukop
Neureuther Book Collection Essay Competition
Graduate winner: 2nd place, 2026, 39th Annual Carl Neureuther Student Book Collection Competition
The Books That Bring Me Back To Her, Rosalynde Swidler
The Books That Bring Me Back To Her, Rosalynde Swidler
Neureuther Book Collection Essay Competition
Undergraduate winner: 1st place, 2026, 39th Annual Carl Neureuther Student Book Collection Competition
The Sixth Sense Garment: A State-Of-The-Art Framework For Sustainable Neurofashion, Andrew Burnstine
The Sixth Sense Garment: A State-Of-The-Art Framework For Sustainable Neurofashion, Andrew Burnstine
Faculty and Staff Publications & Presentations
No abstract provided.
Project Management For Urban Resilience: A Comparative Study Of Governance, Financing, And Risk Reduction Strategies In New York City, Miami, Rotterdam, Venice, And Tokyo, Mirko Viola
Harrisburg University Dissertations and Theses
Urban resilience initiatives are central to climate adaptation, yet cities continue to face persistent implementation challenges related to governance, financing, and project management. This study examines how these three dimensions influence the effectiveness of resilience initiatives using a qualitative comparative case study design across five cities: New York City, Miami, Rotterdam, Venice, and Tokyo. The analysis is based on eleven semi-structured interviews with practitioners across four cities, complemented by document analysis.
The findings show that resilience initiatives are shaped by the interaction of governance coordination, financing structures, and project management practices. Governance systems are complex and fragmented, financing is often …
Ethical Decision-Making Frameworks In Ai-Driven Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Dhaval Dinesh Panchal, Osama Mohd Hash Ansari, Sudha Divya Madhuri Kallam
Ethical Decision-Making Frameworks In Ai-Driven Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Dhaval Dinesh Panchal, Osama Mohd Hash Ansari, Sudha Divya Madhuri Kallam
Harrisburg University Dissertations and Theses
Artificial intelligence is increasingly being utilized in pharmaceutical research and development to speed up drug discovery, enhance clinical trial design, and support regulatory decision-making. However, the increasingly rapid adoption of AI in the pharma industry has outpaced the development of consistent ethical governance, raising concerns related to data privacy, transparency, regulatory compliance, and stakeholder trust. This study explored the methods by which project managers could develop and utilize ethical decision-making frameworks to facilitate responsible AI implementation in pharmaceutical research and development. Guided by the Responsible Innovation framework, this research employed a mixed-methods design combining semi-structured interviews and quantitative surveys with …
Epistemic Pluralism, Open Inquiry, And Constructive Disagreement: Strengthening The 2029 Epas, Nafees Alam, Mary K. Twis, David R. Hodge, Naomi Farber, Pilar Horner, Heidi A. Rueda, Vicki Lens, Brett Drake
Epistemic Pluralism, Open Inquiry, And Constructive Disagreement: Strengthening The 2029 Epas, Nafees Alam, Mary K. Twis, David R. Hodge, Naomi Farber, Pilar Horner, Heidi A. Rueda, Vicki Lens, Brett Drake
Social Work Faculty Publications
The Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards (EPAS) of the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE, 2026) shape not only curriculum and assessment, but also the intellectual formation and culture of the social work profession. As the accrediting framework for programs across the United States, the EPAS articulate the definition of competent practice and what constitutes a shared professional identity (Zuchowski, 2024). Yet accreditation standards necessarily do more than articulate competencies; they can also shape which perspectives are institutionally centered and normalized (Sue, 2010). Professional education operates not only through explicit curricular content, but through implicit norms governing what questions may …
Residents Vs. Tourists: Understanding The Role Of Coastal Tourism Experience In Conservation Behaviours, Qian Chen, Rong Huang, Jinhua Zhang, Thatsanawalai Imong
Residents Vs. Tourists: Understanding The Role Of Coastal Tourism Experience In Conservation Behaviours, Qian Chen, Rong Huang, Jinhua Zhang, Thatsanawalai Imong
Plymouth Business School
This study examines the factors influencing coastal conservation behaviours by integrating the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) with coastal tourism experiences. Conducted in Plymouth, UK, the research assesses how attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control (PBC), and tourism experiences shape conservation intentions and engagement among residents and tourists. The findings reveal that PBC is the most influential factor associated with conservation intentions in the overall model, while coastal tourism experiences significantly influence engagement, particularly among tourists. Residents' conservation intentions are more influenced by attitudes, whereas tourists are driven by their tourism experiences. These findings highlight the need for tailored conservation …
Participation, Procurement & Proof Of Impact In Public Sector Ai Innovation, Davansh Saxena, Erina Seh-Young Moon, Anna Kawakami, Corey Jackson, Min Kyung Lee, Sarah E. Fox, Shion Guha, Sheena Erete, Jean Hardy
Participation, Procurement & Proof Of Impact In Public Sector Ai Innovation, Davansh Saxena, Erina Seh-Young Moon, Anna Kawakami, Corey Jackson, Min Kyung Lee, Sarah E. Fox, Shion Guha, Sheena Erete, Jean Hardy
Health Services and Informatics Research
Public sector agencies are rapidly adopting AI systems to make critical decisions that span across services such as benefits eligibility, housing and homelessness services, child welfare services, mobility, inspections, and more. This foregrounds long‑standing HCI concerns about participatory design in settings marked by institutional constraints, public accountability, and uneven power dynamics. While there is broad agreement that community‑centered practices are necessary, practitioners still wrestle with three practical questions: (1) which participatory methods fit distinct stages of the AI lifecycle; (2) what to measure to show that engagement influenced problem framing, data, model, design, or policy; and (3) how procurement and …
Comparative Physicochemical Characterization Of Porcine, Fish, And Bovine Gelatin In Gummy Candies: Toward Halal Nutraceutical Development, Marlyn Dian Laksitorini, Cici Darsih, Nunung Yuniarti, Rumiyati Rumiyati, Mohammad Zainal Abidin
Comparative Physicochemical Characterization Of Porcine, Fish, And Bovine Gelatin In Gummy Candies: Toward Halal Nutraceutical Development, Marlyn Dian Laksitorini, Cici Darsih, Nunung Yuniarti, Rumiyati Rumiyati, Mohammad Zainal Abidin
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research
Gummy candies have emerged as one of the most popular dosage forms for multivitamins and nutraceutical supplements, including those for brain health. Gelatin is the primary gelling agent used to achieve the gummy texture; however, the influence of different gelatin sources on the physicochemical properties of gummies has not been systematically examined. This study investigated the physicochemical characteristics of gummies prepared with porcine, bovine, and fish gelatin. The gummies were evaluated for mechanical properties (gumminess, hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, adhesiveness, and stringiness), color, water activity, antioxidant activity, and protein content. Additionally, the effects of intentional adulteration—specifically the addition of porcine gelatin …
Application Of Fidic Epc/Turnkey Contract Under The Egyptian Public Works Contracts Law, Ahmed Alhady Dr., Mahmoud Mahmoud Ahmed Eng., Ahmed Elhakeem Prof., Mohamed Ibrahim Dr.
Application Of Fidic Epc/Turnkey Contract Under The Egyptian Public Works Contracts Law, Ahmed Alhady Dr., Mahmoud Mahmoud Ahmed Eng., Ahmed Elhakeem Prof., Mohamed Ibrahim Dr.
Civil Engineering
This study focuses on the application of FIDIC Conditions of Contract for EPC Turnkey Projects—Silver Book 1999, (FIDIC (EPC&T)), when governed by the Egyptian Law of Contracts concluded by public bodies No. 182 of 2018 (ELC) due to the conflicts that may arise from such application. Hence, this study identifies specific FIDIC (EPC&T) 1999 clauses that have the potential for conflicts with ELC, shows the similarities and disparities between these clauses and the relevant ELC articles, and provides recommendations to ensure the successful application of FIDIC (EPC&T) 1999 under ELC. This was achieved through a multistep research methodology in which …
Medicaid Expansion And Frequent Mental Distress Among U.S. Adults: Staggered Did Using Brfss, 2011 To 2024, Abimbola Adegoke, Kola Adegoke, Olajide Alfred Durojaye, Deborah Dawodu, Abiodun Isola Aluko, Akorede Adekoya, Kenneth A. Knapp
Medicaid Expansion And Frequent Mental Distress Among U.S. Adults: Staggered Did Using Brfss, 2011 To 2024, Abimbola Adegoke, Kola Adegoke, Olajide Alfred Durojaye, Deborah Dawodu, Abiodun Isola Aluko, Akorede Adekoya, Kenneth A. Knapp
Health & Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications
The Affordable Care Act (ACA) allowed states to expand Medicaid eligibility, potentially improving access to care and reducing psychological distress among lower-income adults. However, evidence on population-level mental health effects remains mixed, and conventional two-way fixed-effects difference-in-differences (DiD) estimates can be biased under staggered adoption. This study estimates the effect of Medicaid expansion on frequent mental distress (FMD) among non-elderly adults, with emphasis on lower-income adults. We used Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data from 2011 to 2024 and restricted the sample to adults aged 18 to 64 years. FMD was defined as ≥14 days of poor mental health …
English By Any Other Variety, Leya Shekanena
English By Any Other Variety, Leya Shekanena
Masters Projects
African American Language (AAL) is a variety of English that is commonly used and linguistically respected, yet its application is barred from writing courses in higher education. Because AAL’s academic stigmatization negatively impacts the students who utilize AAL, it is important to discover how accepted usage influences students’ understanding of collegiate academic writing and their own identity. To engage with this complex problem, this project integrates Culturally Relevant Teaching and Black Linguistic Justice frameworks with the andragogical method of experiential learning to create a Supplemental Writing Skills college course. The purpose of this course is to explore how encouraged usage …
Ai’S Role In Searching For Evidence: Friend And Foe, Barbara (Basia) Delawska-Elliott, Brandon Wilkinson
Ai’S Role In Searching For Evidence: Friend And Foe, Barbara (Basia) Delawska-Elliott, Brandon Wilkinson
Publications 2026-present
No abstract provided.
Coral Reef Hydrodynamics: A Critical Review Of Roughness Indices And Their Characteristic Complexity, Faisal Karim, N. A. K. Nandasena, Lujain Kuruvachalil, Mohamed M. Mohamed, James P. Terry
Coral Reef Hydrodynamics: A Critical Review Of Roughness Indices And Their Characteristic Complexity, Faisal Karim, N. A. K. Nandasena, Lujain Kuruvachalil, Mohamed M. Mohamed, James P. Terry
All Works
This study provides a systematic review of hydrodynamic roughness in coral reef systems, focusing on drag coefficient (Cd), Manning's roughness coefficient (n), friction factor, and rugosity metrics. A structured bibliometric analysis was conducted using Scopus and Web of Science databases, including field measurements, laboratory flume experiments, and numerical studies validated with physical data. Results show substantial variability in roughness parameters across scales and environments. Reported drag coefficients range from 0.002 for smooth sandy beds to values exceeding 7.0 in complex mangrove-reef systems, with typical reef crest values between 0.05 and 0.30. Manning's n varies from 0.01 in smooth channels to …
Ndls Communicator: Week Of 04.13.26, Notre Dame Law School
Ndls Communicator: Week Of 04.13.26, Notre Dame Law School
NDLS Communicator
The Latest News
- Notre Dame Law School’s Second Death Penalty Abolition Week Deepens the Call for Justice, Redemption, and Human Dignity
- Eka Tkeshelashvili LL.M. ’01, Former Vice Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Georgia, Delivers Lecture in New “Life After Notre Dame” Series
- Notre Dame Law Students Engage in Global Impact Through REEL Lab
Student News
- Philip C. Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition: Notre Dame Law School team members are 3Ls Grace Elias, Camille Golowski, Mariko Jurcsak, Ava Moreno, and Mary Pat Peterson
- Gvantsa Dolbaia, JSD candidate
- Tyler Beamish, 1L
- Dennis Wiebolt, 3L
Faculty Briefs
- Sherif Girgis …
Implantable, Sensor-Embedded Vascular Graft Towards Wireless Monitoring Of Stenosis, Nnamdi Dike
Implantable, Sensor-Embedded Vascular Graft Towards Wireless Monitoring Of Stenosis, Nnamdi Dike
LSU Master's Theses
Arteriovenous (AV) grafts are commonly used to provide vascular access for hemodialysis in patients with end-stage renal disease. Despite their widespread use, AV grafts are prone to complications such as stenosis and thrombosis. Early detection of these conditions remains challenging with current monitoring methods too costly or insufficient. This work presents the design, fabrication, and validation of an LC pressure sensor embedded within a model AV graft to enable real-time monitoring. The proposed system integrates a parallel-plate capacitive pressure sensor with a spiral inductor to form an LC circuit embedded within an elastomeric graft wall. The Ecoflex 00-30 dielectric layer …
Reconstructing Post-Crisis Recovery In The Hinterlands Of Constantinople: A High-Resolution First-Millennium Ce Pollen Record From Lake Yeniçağa (Nw Türkiye), Cristiano Vignola, Mustafa Doğan, Warren Eastwood, John Haldon, Alessia Masi, Neil Roberts, Çetin Şenkül, Adam Izdebski
Reconstructing Post-Crisis Recovery In The Hinterlands Of Constantinople: A High-Resolution First-Millennium Ce Pollen Record From Lake Yeniçağa (Nw Türkiye), Cristiano Vignola, Mustafa Doğan, Warren Eastwood, John Haldon, Alessia Masi, Neil Roberts, Çetin Şenkül, Adam Izdebski
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Facing a novel plague pandemic, military invasions, and political–economic transformations, societies of the eastern Roman (Byzantine) empire had to adapt to a variety of pressures and new ways of exploiting their natural environments during the mid-1st millennium CE. As a result, the rural economy of Anatolia transitioned from the intensive mixed-farming regime of the Graeco-Roman era to a more varied medieval agricultural system. We reconstruct here for the first time this transition in a region of Anatolia located close to Constantinople through pollen analysis of a sediment core from Lake Yeniçağa, dated to between ~2300 and ~1200 cal a BP. …
Evaluating The Geographic Patterns In Isotopic Composition For Nesting Hawksbill Sea Turtles In The Wider Caribbean By Coupling Satellite Telemetry And Stable Isotopes, Anna Kreiger
Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2020 - Present
Combining satellite telemetry and stable isotope analysis offers a framework for inferring sea turtle foraging habitats when spatial isotopic gradients exist. We evaluated this combined approach using carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ1⁵N) isotope values from critically endangered hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) nesting at Buck Island Reef National Monument, U.S. Virgin Islands (N=31), and Long Island (Jumby Bay), Antigua (N = 31). Nesting females were satellite-tracked to identify foraging areas and sampled for skin tissue, and Empirical Bayesian Kriging was used to generate basin-scale δ13C and δ1⁵N isoscapes. Tracked turtles foraged widely across the Caribbean Basin, including the Greater …
Prognostic Significance And Interplay Of Circulatory Pcsk-9–Apociii–Chemokine Axis In Type 2 Diabetes And Its Complications: A Pilot Study In North Indian Patients, Mohd Waiz, Sahir S. Alvi, Parvej Ahmad, Bodor Bin Sheeha, Paridhi Puri, Irfan Ahmad, Saheem Ahmad, M. Salman Khan
Prognostic Significance And Interplay Of Circulatory Pcsk-9–Apociii–Chemokine Axis In Type 2 Diabetes And Its Complications: A Pilot Study In North Indian Patients, Mohd Waiz, Sahir S. Alvi, Parvej Ahmad, Bodor Bin Sheeha, Paridhi Puri, Irfan Ahmad, Saheem Ahmad, M. Salman Khan
School of Medicine Publications
Background: Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin/type-9 (PCSK-9) regulates cholesterol homeostasis through lysosomal degradation of LDL-R and also acts as a pleiotropic mediator of inflammation. Emerging evidence links PCSK-9 to diabetes pathogenesis. Given the genetic diversity and distinct lifestyle of the Indian population, investigating role of PCSK-9 in Indian type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients is crucial. Notably, its association with ApoCIII and chemokines such as CXCL2 and MCP-1 remains unexplored.
Results: A total of 187 participants were included: Heathy control (HC; n = 50), T2DM (n = 49), T2DM with nephropathy (T2DM-N; n = 43), and T2DM with dyslipidaemia (T2DM-DL; n = …
Advanced Machine Learning Approaches For Bankruptcy Prediction In The Shipping Industry: A Comparative Analysis Across Time Horizons, Minchul Sohn, Saeyeon Roh, Minsu Kwon
Advanced Machine Learning Approaches For Bankruptcy Prediction In The Shipping Industry: A Comparative Analysis Across Time Horizons, Minchul Sohn, Saeyeon Roh, Minsu Kwon
Plymouth Business School
This study evaluates machine learning methods for predicting bankruptcies in the Korean shipping industry over 1-, 3-, and 5-year horizons. Using an imbalanced dataset, preprocessing techniques such as outlier capping, skewness correction, and SMOTE-based oversampling are applied. Two feature sets—financial variables and those enriched with macroeconomic and shipping indicators—are analyzed. Results demonstrate that ensemble methods like LightGBM, CatBoost, XGBoost outperform linear models and deep neural networks across all horizons. Short-term predictions are driven by liquidity factors, while long-term forecasts benefit from shipping-specific indices like freight rates. SHAP‐based analysis reveals that internal cash‐flow as critical for one‐year predictions, whereas prolonged freight …
Employing The Question-Answer Relationships Technique To Enhance The Comprehension Of Maharah Qiraah Students
Jurnal Pendidikan Humaniora
Fifth-grade students at MI Bahrul Ulum Tambakberas Jombang showed low comprehension in Arabic reading, including difficulty identifying main ideas, making conclusions, and retelling narratives in their own language. This study investigated the use of the Question-Answer Relationship (QAR) method to improve reading comprehension. Using a quantitative experimental approach with purposive sampling in classes V-A and V-B, the analysis included descriptive statistics, normality, homogeneity, and hypothesis testing. The findings show a marked improvement in the experimental class after the QAR intervention, including better post-test scores, stronger ability to draw conclusions, interpret difficult words, and explain values in the readings. The experimental …
Enhancing Students' 21st Century Competencies: The Impact Of Targeted Training On The Development Of Essential Soft And Hard Skills
Jurnal Pendidikan Humaniora
This study investigated the effectiveness of short training in improving students' 21st-century skills, including soft skills, hard skills, and competitiveness. Using a quasi-experimental design without a pre-test, 50 students were divided into two groups: one attended the short training and one did not. Data were collected through self-assessment using the SurveyMonkey application. The results show that students who attended the training obtained significantly higher 21st-century skill scores than those who did not attend. The study concludes that short training is effective for improving soft skills, hard skills, and competitiveness, and recommends such training for final-year students as preparation for entering …
Implementing A Civic Skills-Focused Problem Posing Model To Enhance Problem-Solving Competencies In Elementary School Students: A Systematic Literature Review
Jurnal Pendidikan Humaniora
This systematic literature review examines the application of a civic skills-oriented problem posing model to improve elementary school students' problem-solving abilities. The review identified, evaluated, and interpreted empirical studies from 2018 to 2022, with initial searches yielding around 250 articles from ERIC, Google Scholar, and Sinta, and 20 articles finally selected. The findings indicate that the problem posing model improves students' critical thinking and creativity and is more effective than conventional teaching methods. Integrating civic skills in Civics learning also increases students' active participation and fosters tolerance, cooperation, and responsibility. Overall, the model can significantly strengthen students' ability to analyze …
Developing Jam Doraemon Bermain (Join) Instructional Media For Third Graders Of Elementary School
Developing Jam Doraemon Bermain (Join) Instructional Media For Third Graders Of Elementary School
Jurnal Pendidikan Humaniora
Educational media plays a pivotal role in the educational framework. This study developed the JOIN medium for third-grade elementary or madrasah students on the theme of energy transformation and the sub-theme of energy sources, especially for learning the concept of time. Using the ADDIE model, the study involved 17 third-grade students from Madrasah Mambaul Ulum Malang. The findings show that the JOIN tool, a Doraemon-shaped craft with an analogue clock and storage pouch for thematic materials and questions, can support thematic learning effectively. Student enthusiasm was very high, with student response validity of 92%, teacher response of 90%, content expert …
Listening-Based Communicative Instructional Approach At The Indonesian Gigantic Immersive Environment, Widya Rizky Pratiwi
Listening-Based Communicative Instructional Approach At The Indonesian Gigantic Immersive Environment, Widya Rizky Pratiwi
Jurnal Pendidikan Humaniora
Creative innovation in teaching critically influences students' success. This paper investigates teachers' teaching methods in an Indonesian gigantic English immersive environment. The qualitative study, which involved eight participants, was conducted in a 'let's speak class' at Mr. Pepsi Upgrade, Kampung Inggris Pare, Kediri. Data were gained from classroom observation, interviews, photos, and documents. They were analyzed in six stages, from preparing the data to interpreting the description meaning. Findings promote that teachers teach using technology, like a listening-based communicative instructional approach (L-CIA mode). Six phases were trained, from giving ice breaking to singing together. It stimulates the students' speaking skills.
Students’ Perception And Acceptance Of Using Padlet As A Digital Tool For English Writing Skills, Suparmi Suparmi
Students’ Perception And Acceptance Of Using Padlet As A Digital Tool For English Writing Skills, Suparmi Suparmi
Jurnal Pendidikan Humaniora
This study aims at investigating the students’ perception and acceptance of using Padlet in learning English writing. A total of 70 students taking the English for Specific Purposes (ESP) course at a state university in Indonesia were involved in the study. They were asked to fill out a questionnaire and 10 of them were interviewed to determine whether the students’ perception and acceptance of the use of Padlet for learning English writing as they stated in the questionnaire. The results indicated that the majority of the students had a positive perception and accepted the usage of Padlet facilitated their writing …
The Development Of E-Portfolios Model For Value-Added Assessment For Pre-Service Teacher Education, Lamberthus J. Lokollo, Arman Arman
The Development Of E-Portfolios Model For Value-Added Assessment For Pre-Service Teacher Education, Lamberthus J. Lokollo, Arman Arman
Jurnal Pendidikan Humaniora
E-portfolios have emerged as highly effective tools for students to document and showcase their learning journey comprehensively, from its inception to its culmination. Unlike traditional paper-and-pencil assessments, e-portfolios empower students to demonstrate their actual knowledge, attitudes, and skills acquired throughout their learning process. In this article, we delve into the development of an innovative e-portfolio-for value-added assessment model designed specifically for pre-service teacher education. The research was conducted using the ADDIE model, involving the participation of three experts and a diverse group of students, including 87 students from the Non-formal Education Program at Universitas Pattimura, Ambon, and 122 students from …
Teacher Perception On Students’ Behavior, Environment Care Culture On The Creation Of Healthy School
Teacher Perception On Students’ Behavior, Environment Care Culture On The Creation Of Healthy School
Jurnal Pendidikan Humaniora
Environment is a key factor in improving healthy full-day school activities. It has direct impacts on the creation of children’s learning enjoyment. The purposes of this research are to explore students' perspectives on Student Friendly Behavior, Environment Care Culture and their effects on the creation of Clean and Healthy School. This research involved 242 Elementary School teachers as participants. Data were collected through questionnaire and analyzed employing Path analysis technique. Results indicated that both student-friendly behavior and environmental care culture influenced the creation of healthy and clean schools. School leaders need to concern on this factor in building effective schooling …
Environmental Factors In The Production Of Code-Switching In Pre-School Children: A Case Study Of Three Indonesian Children
Jurnal Pendidikan Humaniora
The study investigates code-switching performed by three pre-school children in Indonesia. The study employs a qualitative research methodology with an exploratory case study. The participants of the study are three pre-school children who live in a small village in Banten Province in which two languages are exposed and spoken by the majority of people in that area namely Bahasa Indonesia as the national language and Sundanese as a vernacular language. The study reveals that the code-switching utterances performed by preschool children are classified into intra and inter sentential switches.