Digital Commons Network^™

Exile As A Human Rights Violation, Frédéric Mégret

Fordham International Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Selective Assistance As An Evidentiary Problem In Genocide Cases, Paul Behrens

Fordham International Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Not An Apartheid State, A Defamed State, Jeremy Rabkin

Fordham International Law Journal

No abstract provided.

A Decade Of Impunity: Finding Justice For The Yazidi Women Victims Of The Islamic State, Leah Calabro

Fordham International Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Shall We Dance? How Arbitral Tribunals And National Judiciaries Can Move In Tandem To Stop Corruption While Not Stepping On The Other's Toes, Jaimee Salgado

Fordham International Law Journal

No abstract provided.

The International Trade Law Implications Of Regulating E-Cigarettes: Lessons From Tobacco Litigation, Genevieve Wilkinson And Elizabeth Sheargold

Fordham International Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Book Review: Nuclear Weapons And International Law, Existential Risks Of Nuclear War And Deterrence Through A Legal Lense, 2 Volumes, Second Edition, By Charles J. Moxley Jr. (2024), Roger S. Clark

Fordham International Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Various Irrigation Protocols And Antioxidant Application On Bonding Performance Of Two Adhesive Systems To Coronal Dentin, Nada Omar, Haidy N. Salem, Ahmed Abdou, Lamiaa M. Moharam

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Background: The aim was to evaluate the effect of different irrigation protocols and antioxidants application on the shear bond strength (SBS) of two different adhesive systems to deep coronal dentin at different temperature. Material and Methods: One hundred and twenty human premolar teeth were cut longitudinally in two halves, then the prepared specimens were allocated into four main groups according to the irrigation protocols; Distilled water (control), Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) + Ethylenediamine Tetra-acetic Acid (EDTA), and NaOCl + Editronate (HEDP), two subgroups according to irrigation solutions temperature; 4°C and 37°C, two divisions according to grape seed extract (GSE) application (with …

The Effect Of Nanomorphology As Quantified Via The K-Index On The Drug Delivery Properties Of Isocyanate-Derived Aerogels, Stephen Y. Owusu, A. B.M.Shaheen Ud Doulah, Vaibhav A. Edlabadkar, Kamden J. George, Chariklia Sotiriou-Leventis

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study explores the potential to predict the drug-loading and release profiles of aerogels based on their morphologies: a milestone in drug delivery research, which can help save time and cost in formulating new aerogel drug carriers and cut-down evaluation of the drug delivery capabilities of aerogels to a few experimental runs. Polyurea (PUA) and poly(isocyanurate-urethane) (PIR-PUR) aerogels were used as model systems, while 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and paracetamol (PM) were used as model drugs. These model systems were chosen because they can be synthesized into different morphologies, which can be quantified by the so-called K-index (water contact angle divided by …

Sudden Oak Death, Jeffrey William Guay

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

A novel set contemporaneously in rural Montana, Sudden Oak Death follows two protagonists, Wade and his teenage daughter Paige. Each are fighting different addictions, as Wade is in alcoholism recovery, and Paige recently came home from a drug treatment program. In order to succeed, Paige must reintegrate herself into public high school, despite suffering from undiagnosed dyslexia. Wade is raising his family as a single father, and struggles to maintain his emotional stability in the face of his own recovery.

An Endemic Issue: Malawi's Struggle To Prevent Childhood Malaria, Hailey A. Smalley

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Malaria is one of the most prolific diseases in the world, generating hundreds of millions of cases and hundreds of thousands of deaths a year. In 2021, the World Health Organization initiated preliminary trials for the first malaria vaccine in three countries, including Malawi. This project explores the impact of the malaria vaccine on community perspectives and health outcomes related to malaria , describes ongoing challenges that health workers face when disseminating the vaccine, and explains how Malawi’s experience implementing the malaria vaccine reflects larger trends in international aid.

Better Understanding The Barred Owl, Adam Lee Potts

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

This thesis research presents an analysis of barred owl nest site selection in an understudied region of their expanded range. The barred owl has dramatically expanded its range westwards over the last 150 years, prompting multiple conflicting reinterpretations of their species account. Hypotheses of range expansion are reviewed to provide context for this study’s research. This study gathers empirical data on nest site selection in the mixed conifer forests of Montana’s Seeley-Swan and Mission Valleys. Eight barred owl nests were located following extensive territory surveys. Field measurements of tree height and diameter using USFS Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) plot …

Adjusting For Covariates Representing Potential Confounders, Mediators, Or Competing Predictors In The Presence Of Measurement Error: Dispelling A Potential Misapprehension And Insights For Optimal Study Design With Nutritional Epidemiology Examples, Roger S Zoh, Diana M Thomas, Carmen D Tekwe, Xiaoxin Yu, Colby J Vorland, Nikhil V Dhurandhar, David M Klurfeld, David B Allison

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Variables such as dietary intake are measured with error yet frequently used in observational epidemiology. Although this limitation is sometimes noted, these variables are still often modeled as covariates without formal correction or sincere dialogue about measurement unreliability potentially weakening the validity of statistical conclusions. Further, larger sample sizes increase power (bias) to detect spurious correlations. Counterintuitively, recent work suggested a non-monotonic relationship between confounder unreliability and how much controlling for the confounder reduces (or induces) bias when testing for an exposure-outcome association. If true, such non-monotonicity would be especially concerning for applications such as nutrition, where measurement reliability …

Catalyzing Communities Of Research Rigour Champions, Audrey C Brumback, William X Q Ngiam, Dana M Lapato, David B Allison, Christin L Daniels, Michael Dougherty, Haley F Hazlett, Kara L Kerr, Susan Pusek, Naomi Schrag

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

The biomedical sciences must maintain and enhance a research culture that prioritizes rigour and transparency. The US National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke convened a workshop entitled 'Catalyzing Communities of Research Rigor Champions' that brought together a diverse group of leaders in promoting research rigour and transparency (identified as 'rigour champions') to discuss strategies, barriers and resources for catalyzing technical, cultural and educational changes in the biomedical sciences. This article summarizes 2 days of panels and discussions and provides an overview of critical barriers to research rigour, perspectives behind reform initiatives and considerations for stakeholders across science. Additionally, we …

A Contractual Approach To Resolving Disputes Arising From Failure To Achieve Green Certification, Bahaa Chammout, Islam H. El-Adaway

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Green Construction Is An Approach To Reducing The Environmental Impact Of Resource-Intensive Construction. Several Certification Systems Have Been Devised And Are Globally Recognized To Provide Green Building Rating Frameworks. While A Building Can Be Designed To Achieve A Green Rating, The Rating Is Achieved Based On The Completed Facility's Actual Measured Performance. There Had Previously Been Limited Attempts To Give An In-Depth Examination Of The Remedies For Unrealized Green Ratings. As Such, This Paper Addresses This Knowledge Gap Using A Multistep Research Methodology. First, The Authors Analyzed And Classified The Nature Of Damages Resulting From Failed Green Certification Under The …

Investigating Price Fluctuation Transmission Among Construction Materials, Mohamad Abdul Nabi, Islam H. El-Adaway, Rayan H. Assaad

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Generally, Fluctuation In One Material's Price Can Cause A Series Of Chain Reactions In The Supply Chain System, Known As Price Fluctuation Transmission, As All Materials Are Interconnected And Interrelated. None Of The Previous Studies Have Investigated Price Fluctuation Transmission Among All Construction Materials. This Paper Aims To Fill This Gap In Knowledge. The Authors Collected Producer Price Index (PPI) Data For 16 Construction Materials, Modeled The Relationship Between Each Pair Of Materials Using Vector Autoregression Technique, And Validated The Causality Using Granger Causality Test. Network Analysis Was Performed To Identify The Price Fluctuation Transmission Capacity, Susceptibility, And Intermediatory Capacity …

Collect Spatiotemporally Correlated Data In Iot Networks With An Energy-Constrained Uav, Wenzheng Xu, Heng Shao, Qunli Shen, Jian Peng, Wen Huang, Weifa Liang, Tang Liu, Xin Wei Yao, Tao Lin, Sajal K. Das

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) Are Promising Tools For Efficient Data Collections Of Sensors In IoT Networks. Existing Studies Exploited Both Spatial And Temporal Data Correlations To Reduce The Amount Of Collected Redundant Data, In Which Sensors Are First Partitioned Into Different Clusters, A Master Sensor In Each Cluster Then Collects Raw Data From Other Sensors And Compresses The Received Data. An Energy-Constrained UAV Finally Collects The Maximum Amount Of Compressed Data From Different Master Sensors. We However Notice That The Compressed Data From Only A Portion Of Clusters Are Collected By The UAV In The Existing Studies, While The Data …

Resource Aware Clustering For Tackling The Heterogeneity Of Participants In Federated Learning, Rahul Mishra, Hari Prabhat Gupta, Garvit Banga, Sajal K. Das

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

Federated Learning Is A Training Framework That Enables Multiple Participants To Collaboratively Train A Shared Model While Preserving Data Privacy. The Heterogeneity Of Devices And Networking Resources Of The Participants Delay The Training And Aggregation. The Paper Introduces A Novel Approach To Federated Learning By Incorporating Resource-Aware Clustering. This Method Addresses The Challenges Posed By The Diverse Devices And Networking Resources Among Participants. Unlike Static Clustering Approaches, This Paper Proposes A Dynamic Method To Determine The Optimal Number Of Clusters Using Dunn Indices. It Enables Adaptability To The Varying Heterogeneity Levels Among Participants, Ensuring A Responsive And Customized Approach To …

Personalized Federated Graph Learning On Non-Iid Electronic Health Records, Tao Tang, Zhuoyang Han, Zhen Cai, Shuo Yu, Xiaokang Zhou, Taiwo Oseni, Sajal K. Das

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

Understanding The Latent Disease Patterns Embedded In Electronic Health Records (EHRs) Is Crucial For Making Precise And Proactive Healthcare Decisions. Federated Graph Learning-Based Methods Are Commonly Employed To Extract Complex Disease Patterns From The Distributed EHRs Without Sharing The Client-Side Raw Data. However, The Intrinsic Characteristics Of The Distributed EHRs Are Typically Non-Independent And Identically Distributed (Non-IID), Significantly Bringing Challenges Related To Data Imbalance And Leading To A Notable Decrease In The Effectiveness Of Making Healthcare Decisions Derived From The Global Model. To Address These Challenges, We Introduce A Novel Personalized Federated Learning Framework Named PEARL, Which Is Designed For …

Undeniable Authentication Of Digital Twin-Managed Smart Microfactory, Anusha Vangala, Ashok Kumar Das, Sajal K. Das

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

Smart Microfactories Use Additive Manufacturing to Create Products with Mixed Materials and Variable Sizes. Digital Twin Technology Enhances Control of the Additive Manufacturing Equipment in These Factories, Increasing Productivity and Minimizing Errors. the Digital Twins Communicate with the Machines to Furnish Sensitive Data and Instructions, Which Must Be Protected from Tampering. Authentication Rescues the Digital and Physical Twins from Menacing Attacks Such as Privileged Insider, Impersonation, Ephemeral Secret Leakage (ESL) and Man-In-The-Middle (MiTM) Attacks. to This End, We Propose Lightweight Authentication among the Digital and Physical Twins with the Undeniability of Issued Commands and Deniable Key Agreement. It Achieves Perfect …

Lease: Leveraging Energy-Awareness In Serverless Edge For Latency-Sensitive Iot Services, Aastik Verma, Anurag Satpathy, Sajal K. Das, Sourav Kanti Addya

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

Resource Scheduling Catering to Real-Time IoT Services in a Serverless-Enabled Edge Network is Particularly Challenging Owing to the Workload Variability, Strict Constraints on Tolerable Latency, and Unpredictability in the Energy Sources Powering the Edge Devices. This Paper Proposes a Framework LEASE that Dynamically Schedules Resources in Serverless Functions Catering to Different Microservices and Adhering to their Deadline Constraint. to Assist the Scheduler in Making Effective Scheduling Decisions, We Introduce a Priority-Based Approach that Offloads Functions from over-Provisioned Edge Nodes to Under-Provisioned Peer Nodes, Considering the Expended Energy in the Process Without Compromising the Completion Time of Microservices. for Real-World Implementations, …

Incivility In Open Source Projects: A Comprehensive Annotated Dataset Of Locked Github Issue Threads, Ramtin Ehsani, Mia Mohammad Imran, Robert Zita, Kostadin Damevski, Preetha Chatterjee

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

In the dynamic landscape of open-source software (OSS) development, understanding and addressing incivility within issue discussions is crucial for fostering healthy and productive collaborations. This paper presents a curated dataset of 404 locked GitHub issue discussion threads and 5961 individual comments, collected from 213 OSS projects. We annotated the comments with various categories of incivility using Tone Bearing Discussion Features (TBDFs), and, for each issue thread, we annotated the triggers, targets, and consequences of incivility. We observed that Bitter frustration, Impatience, and Mocking are the most prevalent TBDFs exhibited in our dataset. The most common triggers, targets, and consequences of …

On The K-Weak Coverage Of Random Mobile Sensors, Sajal K. Das, Rafal Kapelko

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper studies the fundamental problem of energy consumption in the movement of mobile random sensors ensuring k-weak coverage on the domain. In particular, we analyze two notions of k-weak coverage on the unit square, namely (1) (k, x)-weak coverage in which every straight-line path across the width of the unit square passes through the sensing range of at least k sensors; and (2) (k, x, y)-weak coverage in which every straight-line path across the width and the length of the unit square passes through the sensing range of at least k sensors. The number of reliable and p-reliable sensors …

Posca: Path Optimization For Solar Cover Amelioration In Urban Air Mobility, Debjyoti Sengupta, Anurag Satpathy, Sajal K. Das

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

Urban Air Mobility (UAM) encompasses both piloted and autonomous aerial vehicles, spanning from small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) like drones to passenger-carrying personal air vehicles (PAVs), to revolutionize smart transportation in congested urban areas. This emerging paradigm is anticipated to offer disruptive solutions to the mobility challenges in congested cities. In this context, a pivotal concern centers on the sustainability of transitioning to this mode of transportation, especially with the focus on incorporating clean technology into developing innovative solutions from the ground up. Recent studies highlight that a significant portion of the total energy consumption in UAM can be attributed …

Tasr: A Novel Trust-Aware Stackelberg Routing Algorithm To Mitigate Traffic Congestion, Doris E.M. Brown, Venkata Sriram Siddhardh Nadendla, Sajal K. Das

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

A Stackelberg routing platform (SRP) reduces congestion in one-shot traffic networks by proposing optimal route recommendations to the selfish travelers. Traditionally, Stackel-berg routing is cast as a partial control problem where a fraction of the traveler flow complies with route recommendations, while the remaining responds as selfish travelers. In this paper, we formulate a novel Stackelberg routing framework where the agents exhibit probabilistic compliance by accepting SRP's route recommendations with a trust probability. Specifically, we propose a greedy Trust-Aware Stackelberg Routing algorithm (in short, TASR) for SRP to compute unique path recommendations to each traveler flow with a unique demand. …

Traffic Prediction-Based Vnf Auto-Scaling And Deployment Mechanism For Flexible And Elastic Service Provision, Bo Yi, Jiacheng Wang, Qiang He, Xingwei Wang, Min Huang, Sajal K. Das, Keqin Li

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

Network Function Virtualization (NFV) provides a flexible way to provision new services by decoupling network functions from hardware and implementing them as Virtual Network Functions (VNFs). However, the rapid development of technologies greatly promotes the explosion of diverse services, which directly results in the exponential increase of heterogeneous traffic. In addition, such a tremendous amount of heterogeneous traffic will generate bursts in a more dynamic and unexpected manner, so it becomes extremely hard to satisfy the customer demands. Aiming at addressing these challenges, this work proposes a positive and elastic VNF deployment mechanism for service provisioning, which introduces three novelties: …

L3geocast: Enabling P4-Based Customizable Network-Layer Geocast At The Network Edge, Xindi Hou, Shuai Gao, Ningchun Liu, Fangtao Yao, Hongke Zhang, Sajal K. Das

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

Geocast is a one-to-many communication paradigm that enables the transmission of data packets to a designated area rather than an IP address. The most common geocast solutions rely on the application-layer Geolocation-to-IP database. But these IP-based approaches cannot cope with the challenges of flexibility and mobility in a granularity-customizable geocast scenario. While some non-IP network-layer (L3) attempts have resulted in low addressing accuracy and poor routing scalability. Besides, the clean-slate design is incompatible with the existing network. To address these issues, this article proposes an innovative network-layer geographic addressing scheme that leverages P4-based Software Defined Networks (SDN) to enable flexible …

Learning Social Fairness Preferences From Non-Expert Stakeholder Opinions In Kidney Placement, Mukund Telukunta, Sukruth Rao, Gabriella Stickney, Venkata Sriram Siddardh Nadendla, Casey I. Canfield

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

Modern kidney placement incorporates several intelligent recommendation systems which exhibit social discrimination due to biases inherited from training data. Although initial attempts were made in the literature to study algorithmic fairness in kidney placement, these methods replace true outcomes with surgeons' decisions due to the long delays involved in recording such outcomes reliably. However, the replacement of true outcomes with surgeons' decisions disregards expert stakeholders' biases as well as social opinions of other stakeholders who do not possess medical expertise. This paper alleviates the latter concern and designs a novel fairness feedback survey to evaluate an acceptance rate predictor (ARP) …

Book Review: Wapsipinicon Almanac: Selections From Thirty Years, Andy Oler

Publications

The Wapsipinicon Almanac: Selections from Thirty Years, edited by Timothy Fay. Iowa City: University of Iowa press, 2023. xi, 249 pp. Illustrations. $27.50 paperback.

Preempting The Buzz: Challenges For State And Local Regulation Of Drone Noise, Daniel Friedenzohn, Trevor Simoneau

Publications

From carrying life-saving medical supplies to delivering Amazon packages, drones are increasingly playing a more significant role in our society. Such operations, however, raise a variety of legal and public policy questions, all requiring answers before drone deliveries become commonplace in the package delivery ecosystem. One legal issue that remains significantly underexplored is the challenge of regulating drone noise. This issue raises vital questions of federalism and preemption in the broader debate over federal versus state and local power to govern different aspects of civilian drone operations.

Even though the noise generated by drones is much quieter than other types …