Digital Commons Network^™

Medellín Manifesto On Transnational Value Chains And International Law, Diane Desierto

Journal Articles

Global Value Chains (GVCs) have been heralded as the ‘new world of trade’, yet they branch far beyond what has traditionally been considered ‘trade’—they interact with and are informed by multiple legal regimes often in ways unrelated to the theoretical and practical bases of those regimes. Building on the 2016 IGLP Manifesto, which sought to place law at the centre of GVC research, the Medellín Manifesto’s aspiration is to establish a research agenda that is specifically focused on international law: one that treats GVCs as amorphous and transnational legal creatures—they are transnational value chains (TVCs); one that recognises that the …

A Comparative Study Of Legacy And Modern Proton Therapy Pencil Beam Gantries In Prostate Cancer Treatment: Advancements In Efficiency And Performance, Mey Chou, Caitlin Fung, Shaun Ray, Yuting Li, Cameron Tharp, Shaun T. Caldwell

Research Methods Poster Session 2025

No abstract provided.

Impact Of Trauma-Informed Care In Higher Education, Lauren Mochnal

Student Research Design & Innovation Symposium

Trauma is prevalent among students in higher education, with 66% to 85% of university students having experienced a traumatic event (Wells et al., 2021). Additionally, college students in the United States currently report greater psychological distress and mental health challenges than in the past (Ray et al., 2024). Traumatic experiences can lead to challenges in emotional regulation, delayed brain development, and increased risk of adverse health outcomes and academic failure (Gao et al., 2023). However, use of a trauma-informed care approach to higher education at both a departmental and classroom level can minimize barriers and improve occupational engagement in education, …

Medical Providers' Understanding Of The Role Of Ot, Zachery Edwards

Student Research Design & Innovation Symposium

The purpose of this scoping review was to gather information on medical providers’ current understanding of occupational therapy’s (OT) scope of practice and how their understanding impacts OT referrals. The question that guided this review was: does an increase of education on occupational therapies (OT) scope of practice for medical providers increase their understanding of OTs role? Current research highlights an inaccurate understanding of OT’s role by medical providers, which leads to decreased referrals. Further research is needed to determine medical providers’ motivation to receive education on OT’s scope of practice, what education methods are most beneficial, and if that …

Benefits Of Aquatic Therapy In Older Adults, Matile Kaplan

Student Research Design & Innovation Symposium

Aquatic Therapy (AT) helps with physical, mental, and psychosocial components of recovery. Substantial evidence shows that traditional (on-land) therapy has a positive impact on quality of life and occupational performance. However, limited research exists on the impact of combining traditional and aquatic therapies on rehabilitation outcomes and occupational engagement. Aquatic therapy has been a therapeutic modality since 2400 B.C. and is not fully exploited despite having strong evidence of its benefits (B.E. Kauffman & B.W. Kauffman, 2014; Chesapeake Bay Aquatic and Physical Therapy, 2024). There is a large gap in the literature about the benefits of combining aquatic and on-land …

Medicaid Expansion And Black Maternal Mortality, Michaela Siver

Student Research Design & Innovation Symposium

Maternal mortality is a national health crisis, disproportionately affecting Black women. The Medicaid expansion program, an optional program at the state level, is responsible for providing coverage for nearly half of all live births in the United States. This research addressed if Medicaid expansion has reduced maternal mortality rates, especially for Black women, when compared to non-expansion states. Multiple literature searches yielded a set of peer-reviewed journal articles and government reports that were used to answer this question. Medicaid expansion has resulted in a significant decline in maternal deaths, with 7.01 fewer casualties per 100,000 births in expansion states as …

Sensory Intervention For Bereaved Children, Eleanor Gemma

Student Research Design & Innovation Symposium

Bereaved children have unique sensory needs due to unregulated bodily experiences impacting one’s sensory modulation. There is a lack of evidence-based sensory strategies used with children receiving bereavement services in Rhode Island, and little understanding of how sensory strategies can impact client's regulation. The purpose of this scoping review was to explore the sensory interventions currently being applied with children who are experiencing bereavement.

Lbsci 702: Information Sources And Service: General, Nafiz Z. Shuva

Open Educational Resources

No abstract provided.

University Of Richmond Magazine - Spring 2025

University of Richmond Magazine

The University of Richmond's Alumni Magazine was first published as The Alumni Bulletin in 1936 and continues to this day as the University of Richmond Magazine.

The Limits Of Ieepa, Peter E. Harrell

Fordham International Law Journal

No abstract provided.

The Center Cannot Hold: Icc Sanctions, Rogue Turns, And The Unmaking Of Legal Order, Devika Hovell

Fordham International Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Teaching Agroecology Through Play: A Board Game On Companion Planting Using Agroecological Principles, Ashmita Das, Julie Capito-Hernandez, Estelí Jiménez-Soto

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

Board games themed around environmental topics are promising tools for promoting awareness of complex sustainability issues, as the materiality, sociality, and multidimensionality of gameplay can help overcome some of the inherent limitations of more traditional learning formats. To explore the potential relevance of board games for communicating about agrifood system topics in particular, we designed and tested a game called Companion: An Agroecological Adventure, in which players take on the role of community gardeners who must apply both social and ecological principles of agroecology to cultivate a thriving garden plot. In this paper, we present the results of a study …

Food Sovereignty Among Migrant Farmworkers: The Role Of Agrobiodiversity For Autonomy And Resistance In A Mexican Coffee Plantation, Estelí Jiménez-Soto, Sanya Cowal, April Lopez

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

Coffee agroecosystems represent the economic base for thousands of small growers and agricultural workers, as well as a significant proportion of many regional economies in Latin America. Every year, the production of coffee in this region attracts a great number of laborers and their families, particularly during the harvest season. Despite being essential workers in the food system, agricultural workers continue to be one of the most marginalized actors in the coffee production chain. Even with an environment of precarity, agricultural workers exercise their autonomy and food sovereignty—the process by which agricultural workers, in this case, define their food system …

“Finally Girls Hitting A Celly:” Emotions And Gender Embodiment In Competitive Swimmers’ Post-Race Celebrations, Lauren Q. Rohde , '25

Senior Theses, Projects, and Awards

In athletic competitions, the moment of achievement is often extremely cathartic and results in a visible celebration. In competitive swimming, these reactions to success are isolated to the end of a race, completely individual, and often feature interaction with one’s surroundings, such as the water or lane lines. These moments are also highly visible and usually well-photographed, and the visibility of these actions contributes to a growing culture in the sport around post-race celebrations. The exposure of the body in competitive swimming additionally contributes to its visibility, further complicating behaviors and norms around celebrating race outcomes. This research aims to …

Dance Improvisation And Kinematics: Describing Spontaneous Motion Among Movers, Fallon Simone Doshi Brackley

Student Scholarship

No abstract provided.

State Of Utah, Plaintiff/Appellant, V. David Elliott, Defendant/Appellee : Brief Of Appellant

Utah Appeals Court Briefs

Appeal from denial of bindover and dismissal of all counts, in the Fifth Judicial District, Washington County, the Honorable Jay T. Winward presiding

Computational Approaches To Understanding The Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Reactions In Ribonucleotide Reductase, Jiayun Zhong

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) is a fundamental chemical process where both an electron and a proton are transferred simultaneously or sequentially, playing a key role in various biological and chemical systems, including enzymatic reactions and energy conversion. This thesis investigates the PCET reactions in ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), a critical enzyme responsible for DNA synthesis and repair in all living organisms. While significant progress has been made in understanding RNR's PCET pathway, several gaps remain, particularly regarding the specific mechanisms and energetics of individual PCET steps, the role of conformational dynamics, and the influence of water molecules. Through quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical …

A Strategy To Address The Challenges Of Intergenerational Conflict In The Haitian Churches At The Southeastern Conference In Florida, Nicolas Louis

Doctor of Ministry Projects

Problem

Haitian churches in the Southeastern Conference (SEC) of Florida, are severely affected by intergenerational conflict, persisting between young people and adults who cannot get along. Churches affected by this misunderstanding are facing a loss of young people, particularly college-educated members and people with vocational skills. This conflict has touched entire congregations, decreasing growth numerically and financially. Between 2013 and 2018, there was a 60 percent decline in members with college degrees and vocational skills. This study analyzes this intergenerational conflict, which manifests in disagreements over leadership preferences and worship styles.

Method

To address this problem, I established a series …

Precedent Terms, Vincent Buccola, David A. Hoffman

Coase-Sandor Institute for Law & Economics Research Paper Series

An implicit binary underlies most academic thinking about commercial and corporate contracts. To judge from the theory literature, such agreements consist of just two kinds of terms: those that are negotiated and priced and those that are boilerplate. But on-the-ground realities don’t square with the picture of contract production that the standard assumption yields. That picture can’t easily explain, for example, why sophisticated parties regularly spend large sums quarreling over terms, nor is it compatible with commonly expressed attitudes of negotiating triumph or dismay.

This Article develops a new analytical category that can explain these and other empirical regularities and …

A Companion Guide To The Restatement Of Consumer Contracts, Oren Bar-Gill, Omri Ben-Shahar, Florencia Marotta-Wurgler

Coase-Sandor Institute for Law & Economics Research Paper Series

This short Essay, written by the Reporters of the recently published Restatement of Consumer Contracts, is intended as a companion to the Restatement. It highlights three areas, where the Reporters’ ambition was only partially reflected in the final version of the Restatement. The first was to ground the restated rules and principles in a systematic, empirical analysis of the entire body of consumer contracts cases. The second goal was to avoid an emphasis on disclosure mandates that have been shown to be unhelpful and even counter-productive. The third goal was to infuse the Restatement with social science realism, especially in …

Bankruptcy Minimalism, Douglas Baird

Coase-Sandor Institute for Law & Economics Research Paper Series

No abstract provided.

Algorithmic Selection Of Iconic Constitutions, Tejas Ramdas, Patrick Chung-Chia Huang, Nuno Garoupa, Martin T. Wells, Yun-Chien Chang, Tom Ginsburg

Coase-Sandor Institute for Law & Economics Research Paper Series

This chapter examines the influence of pre-20th century constitutions using a quantitative approach, comparing expert-selected “iconic” constitutions with those identified algorithmically. In prior work, human experts identified four influential constitutions: the U.S. 1791, France 1791, Spain 1812, and France 1848. Here, we employ a genetic algorithm and Document Term Matrix (DTM) analysis to assess which one or four of 180 pre-1899 constitutions had the greatest textual impact on 581 post-1900 constitutions. Two criteria guide the selection: coverage and originality. Through iterative optimization, the algorithm identifies the most textually influential constitutions, allowing for a direct comparison with expert selections. This chapter …

The Limits And Promise Of Global Antitrust Law, Anu Bradford, Adam Chilton, Katerina Linos

Coase-Sandor Institute for Law & Economics Research Paper Series

A large body of evidence suggests that open, competitive markets are a key driver of economic development. In recognition of this fact, many of the world’s leading economies not only adopted their own antitrust laws to promote fair competition, but they also urged developing countries around the world to do the same. This resulted in a remarkable proliferation of global antitrust law over the last several decades. Many studies have empirically examined the effect of this development, and, consistent with the hopes of policymakers, they have largely found that adopting antitrust laws produces positive economic outcomes.

In this Article, we …

The Tom Sawyer Effect: Invisible Work And Labor Market Power, Eric A. Posner

Coase-Sandor Institute for Law & Economics Research Paper Series

Certain types of work-like behavior are not treated as paid labor in the law and are therefore not taxed or given workplace protections and are often not understood to be work by ordinary people. This kind of “invisible work” is exceedingly common. It encompasses not only the frequently discussed example of household labor, but also the work, or some of the work, of athletes, soldiers, students, artists, volunteers, religious and political figures, and consumers who implicitly trade work—and money—for products and services. Invisible work is the product of cultural understandings left over from the past or manufactured by businesses, which …

Antitrust Analysis Of Vertical Restraints In Labor Markets, Eric A. Posner

Coase-Sandor Institute for Law & Economics Research Paper Series

Vertical restraints in labor markets are a neglected topic, but have taken on importance as the harms caused by labor market restraints have gained greater recognition. These restraints are typically a form of input foreclosure, which refers to action of a downstream buyer of inputs to hinder its competitors from accessing those inputs. But while labor markets are important input markets, there has been little discussion of how input foreclosure can be used to evaluate anticompetitive labor market transactions. This article fills that gap by providing a framework for analyzing input foreclosure in labor markets.

Bankruptcy Judging After Williamson, Vincent S.J. Buccola

Coase-Sandor Institute for Law & Economics Research Paper Series

This Essay asks how bankruptcy judges ought to orient their substantial, statutory discretion in business reorganization cases. The motivating observation is that bankruptcy law enacts a kind of forced integration of productive assets. To shed light on the contemporary problems that bankruptcy judges face, I thus look to two classic approaches to the economic theory of the firm-from Oliver Williamson and from Oliver Hart. I conclude that nonjudicial institutions have largely surmounted the problems to which their theories point, leaving a different, and probably narrower, set of issues to worry about. Bankruptcy judges who have a notion that their job …

Safety Score Liability, Omri Ben-Shahar

Coase-Sandor Institute for Law & Economics Research Paper Series

Data technology is increasingly deployed to assign safety scores to people and products. Could these scores be used by tort law to apportion liability for accidents? Instead of basing tort liability on negligence—on the level of care leading to the specific accident—“safety score liability” would impose liability commensurate with a party’s habitual propensity to behave unsafely. This article describes how safety score liability would work, the incentives it would create, and the principles limiting its adoption. The article suggests that the precision of AI tools generating such scores—scores that have already reshaped other channels of safety regulation in society— offers …

Advancing Digital Teaching Literacy: The M-Prae Model For Large-Scale Enhancement Of Primary And Secondary School Teachers, Youru Xie, Wan Xia, Caoyin Li, Yi Qiu

Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE)

High-quality teachers are essential to building a strong educational system, with digital teaching literacy being crucial to their professional development. This study, informed by a review of existing research, addressed the need for enhancing the digital teaching literacy among primary and secondary school teachers. Utilizing the MOOC construction concept (Concept), MOOC teaching content (Content), and MOOC design and development (Development)CCD model and the large-scale capabilities of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), this study developed the M-PRAE model, which encompasses five components: building a MOOC, clarifying improvement problems, supplying digital and non-digital resources, implementing collaborative activities, and conducting multi-dimensional evidence-based evaluations. …

Digital Transformation: The Need For A Sustainable Green Culture In African Higher Education Institutions, Cheryl Akinyi Genga, Sunday Samson Babalola

Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE)

Digital transformation (DT) continuously affects individuals and organisations. African Higher Education Institutions (AHEIs) must prioritise robust IT infrastructure to enhance research, modernise teaching, and improve learning experiences in the digital era. Despite policies and programs promoting digital education, AHEIs face challenges in fully implementing DT because of unimplemented policies and the persistent digital divide. DT, driven by technological progress, is crucial for achieving environmental, economic, and social sustainability goals. This includes integrating sustainability into curricula, assessing institutional leaders' commitment to sustainability, and adopting eco-friendly campus practices. Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) are strategic concerns affecting institutional culture, research, teaching, and …

Gender Moderation On Students’ Adoption Of Whatsapp For Learning-Support Communication In Sub-Saharan Africa, Douglas Yeboah, Paul Nyagorme, Brandford Bervell, Godfred Yaw Koi-Akrofi, Awo Esaah Bempong

Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE)

Gender moderation in students’ adoption of WhatsApp for supporting distance learning has not been explored. This study applied the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model to analyze the moderation effects of gender on students’ adoption intentions of WhatsApp for learning. Multi-stage sampling techniques were used to obtain 273 participants. Data were collected using structured questionnaire and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. Results showed that gender significantly moderated the effects of(a) performance expectancy on behavioral intention such that the effect was stronger for males than females, and (b) social influence on behavioral intention such that …