Digital Commons Network^™

Severity Of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vs Covid-19 And Influenza Among Hospitalized Us Adults, Diya Surie, Jennie H Kwon, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: On June 21, 2023, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended the first respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines for adults aged 60 years and older using shared clinical decision-making. Understanding the severity of RSV disease in adults can help guide this clinical decision-making.

OBJECTIVE: To describe disease severity among adults hospitalized with RSV and compare it with the severity of COVID-19 and influenza disease by vaccination status.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this cohort study, adults aged 18 years and older admitted to the hospital with acute respiratory illness and laboratory-confirmed RSV, SARS-CoV-2, or influenza infection were prospectively …

A Protective Role For Type I Interferon Signaling Following Infection With Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Carrying The Rifampicin Drug Resistance-Conferring Rpob Mutation H445y, Suhas Bobba, Kuldeep S. Chauhan, Sadia Akter, Shibali Das, Ekansh Mittal, Barun Mathema, Jennifer A. Philips, Shabaana A. Khader

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) signaling is essential for controlling virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection since antagonism of this pathway leads to exacerbated pathology and increased susceptibility. In contrast, the triggering of type I interferon (IFN) signaling is associated with the progression of tuberculosis (TB) disease and linked with negative regulation of IL-1 signaling. However, mice lacking IL-1 signaling can control Mtb infection if infected with an Mtb strain carrying the rifampin-resistance conferring mutation H445Y in its RNA polymerase β subunit (rpoB-H445Y Mtb). The mechanisms that govern protection in the absence of IL-1 signaling during rpoB-H445Y Mtb infection are unknown. In this study, …

Who's Essential Medicines And Aware: Recommendations On First- And Second-Choice Antibiotics For Empiric Treatment Of Clinical Infections, Lorenzo Moja, Sumanth Gandra, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (EML) prioritizes medicines that have significant global public health value. The EML can also deliver important messages on appropriate medicine use. Since 2017, in response to the growing challenge of antimicrobial resistance, antibiotics on the EML have been reviewed and categorized into three groups: Access, Watch, and Reserve, leading to a new categorization called AWaRe. These categories were developed taking into account the impact of different antibiotics and classes on antimicrobial resistance and the implications for their appropriate use. The 2023 AWaRe classification provides empirical guidance on 41 essential antibiotics for over 30 …

Teaching Global Health Law: Preparing The Next Generation For Future Challenges, Lawrence O. Gostin, Sarah L. Bosha, Benjamin Mason Meier

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

Following from sweeping law reforms across the global health landscape, there is a need to prepare the next generation to advance global health law to ensure justice for a healthier world. Educational programs across disciplines have increasingly incorporated the field of global health law, with new courses examining the law and policy frameworks that apply to the new set of public health threats, non-state actors, and regulatory instruments that structure global health. Such interdisciplinary training must be expanded throughout the world to prepare future practitioners to strengthen global health law — ensuring a foundation for global health in legal studies …

The Persistent Public Health Emergency, Yael Zakai Cannon

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

May 11, 2023 was ostensibly a day of celebration. With infections and deaths from COVID-19 down, the federal government announced the end of the official Public Health Emergency three years after its initial declaration. But the conclusion of the Public Health Emergency also signaled the termination of unprecedented health protection measures—outside the realm of healthcare—such as eviction and utility shutoff moratoria and emergency rental and utility assistance. These COVID-era measures successfully cut eviction filings nationally by more than half and provided people in many jurisdictions with the protections and assistance needed to maintain their electricity, heat, water, and gas. Now …

Relevance Of Lymphocyte Proliferation To Pha In Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (Scid) And T Cell Lymphopenia, Roshini S Abraham, Amrita Basu, Jennifer R Heimall, Elizabeth Dunn, Alison Yip, Malika Kapadia, Neena Kapoor, Lisa Forbes Satter, Rebecca Buckley, Richard O'Reilly, Geoffrey D E Cuvelier, Sharat Chandra, Jeffrey Bednarski, Sonali Chaudhury, Theodore B Moore, Hilary Haines, Blachy J Dávila Saldaña, Deepakbabu Chellapandian, Ahmad Rayes, Karin Chen, Emi Caywood, Shanmuganathan Chandrakasan, Mark Thomas Vander Lugt, Christen Ebens, Pierre Teira, Evan Shereck, Holly Miller, Victor Aquino, Hesham Eissa, Lolie C Yu, Alfred Gillio, Lisa Madden, Alan Knutsen, Ami J Shah, Kenneth Desantes, Jessie Barnum, Larisa Broglie, Avni Y Joshi, Gary Kleiner, Jasmeen Dara, Susan Prockop, Caridad Martinez, Talal Mousallem, Joseph Oved, Lauri Burroughs, Rebecca Marsh, Troy R Torgerson, Jennifer W Leiding, Sung Yun Pai, Donald B Kohn, Michael A Pulsipher, Linda M Griffith, Luigi D Notarangelo, Morton J Cowan, Jennifer Puck, Christopher C Dvorak, Elie Haddad

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is characterized by a severe deficiency in T cell numbers. We analyzed data collected (n = 307) for PHA-based T cell proliferation from the PIDTC SCID protocol 6901, using either a radioactive or flow cytometry method. In comparing the two groups, a smaller number of the patients tested by flow cytometry had < 10% of the lower limit of normal proliferation as compared to the radioactive method (p = 0.02). Further, in patients with CD3+ T cell counts between 51 and 300 cells/μL, there was a higher proliferative response with the PHA flow assay compared to the 3H-T assay (p < 0.0001), suggesting that the method of analysis influences the resolution and interpretation of PHA results. Importantly, we observed many SCID patients with profound T cell lymphopenia having normal T cell proliferation when assessed by flow cytometry. We recommend this test be considered only as supportive in the diagnosis of typical SCID.

The Moderating Effects Of Hiv Relevant Factors On The Relationship Between Intimate Partner Violence And Intention To Start Hiv Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (Prep) Among Cisgender Women, Shimrit Keddem, Victoria Frye, Annet Davis, Beryl A Koblin, Hong-Van Tieu, Rachele K Lipsky, Vijay Nandi, Anne M Teitelman

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background:

Intimate partner violence (IPV) and HIV are serious and related public health problems that detrimentally impact women’s health. Because women who experience IPV are more likely to acquire HIV, it is critical to promote HIV prevention strategies, such as HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), that increase autonomy.

Setting:

This study of cis-gender women eligible for HIV PrEP took place between 2017 and 2019 in Philadelphia and New York City.

Methods:

This study aimed to examine the relationship between four types of IPV (control, psychological, psychological, physical, sexual) and intention to start PrEP among PrEP-eligible cisgender women; and assess the extent …

Rocscholar Annual Report 2023, Lisa M. Buda

Rochester Regional Health authored publications and proceedings

RocScholar is the institutional repository (IR) for Rochester Regional Health (RRH) and is managed by the Libraries at RRH. It provides storage and access for RRH’s research and scholarly activity. This report highlights the repository’s third year of implementation.

Single-Center Outcomes After Liver Transplantation With Sars-Cov-2-Positive Donors: An Argument For Increased Utilization, Ashton A Connor, Max W Adelman, Constance M Mobley, Mozhgon Moaddab, Alexandra J Erhardt, David E Hsu, Elizabeth W Brombosz, Mansi Sanghvi, Yee Lee Cheah, Caroline J Simon, Mark J Hobeika, Ashish S Saharia, David W Victor, Sudha Kodali, Tamneet Basra, Edward A Graviss, Duc T Nguyen, Ahmed Elsaiey, Linda W Moore, Masayuki Nigo, Ashley L Drews, Kevin A Grimes, Cesar A Arias, Xian C Li, A Osama Gaber, R Mark Ghobrial

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in SARS-CoV-2-test positive potential organ donors. The benefits of life-saving liver transplantation (LT) must be balanced against the potential risk of donor-derived viral transmission. Although emerging evidence suggests that the use of COVID-19-positive donor organs may be safe, granular series thoroughly evaluating safety are still needed. Results of 29 consecutive LTs from COVID-19-positive donors at a single center are presented here.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of LT recipients between April 2020 and December 2022 was conducted. Differences between recipients of COVID-19-positive (n = 29 total; 25 index, 4 redo) and …

Effectiveness Of Cord Blood As A Strategy To Rule Out Conjugated Hyperbilirubinemia, Miray Kurtca, Sanjiv Harpavat, Sridevi Devaraj

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Early detection of biliary atresia is crucial for timely intervention and improved outcomes in infants with elevated conjugated bilirubin levels. This study aims to investigate the viability of cord blood gas analysis as a novel method for assessing conjugated bilirubin levels. Infants with high heel stick levels also showed elevated cord blood bilirubin levels, indicating that cord blood testing could replace the need for repeat heel stick tests, especially benefiting low birth weight infants. Ongoing research, including larger cohorts and alternative bilirubin measurement methods, will further validate this innovative screening approach. Infants with biliary atresia have high conjugated bilirubin levels …

Re-Evaluation Of The Methodology For Estimating The Us Specialty Physician Workforce, W Stephen Black-Schaffer, David J Gross, Zakia Nouri, Aidan Delisle, Michael Dill, Jason Y Park, James M Crawford, Michael B Cohen, Rebecca L Johnson, Donald S Karcher, Thomas M Wheeler, Stanley J Robboy

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Increasing pursuit of subspecialized training has quietly revolutionized physician training, but the potential impact on physician workforce estimates has not previously been recognized. The Physicians Specialty Data Reports of the Association of American Medical Colleges, derived from specialty designations in the American Medical Association (AMA) Physician Professional Data (PPD), are the reference source for US physician workforce estimates; by 2020, the report for pathologists was an undercount of 39% when compared with the PPD. Most of the difference was due to the omission of pathology subspecialty designations. The rest resulted from reliance on only the first of the AMA PPD's …

Investigation Of Potential Gut Health Biomarkers In Broiler Chicks Challenged By Campylobacter Jejuni And Submitted To A Continuous Water Disinfection Program, Tilemachos Mantzios, Despoina E. Kiousi, Georgia D. Brellou, Georgios A. Papadopoulos, Vangelis Economou, Marili Vasilogianni, Elisavet Kanari, Evanthia Petridou, Ilias Giannenas, Guillermo Tellez-Isaias, Aglaia Pappa, Alex Galanis, Vasilios Tsiouris

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

The exploration of novel biomarkers to assess poultry health is of paramount importance, not only to enhance our understanding of the pathogenicity of zoonotic agents but also to evaluate the efficacy of novel treatments as alternatives to antibiotics. The present study aimed to investigate potential gut health biomarkers in broiler chicks challenged by Campylobacter jejuni and subjected to a continuous water disinfection program. A total of 144 one-day-old hatched broiler chicks were randomly allocated to four treatment groups with four replicates each, according to the following experimental design: Group A received untreated drinking water; Group B received drinking water treated …

Perceived Moral Distress Among Patient-Facing Healthcare Professionals During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Sarah Sumner, Karen Colorafi, Teresa Rangel

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

No abstract provided.

International Student Crisis Management To Covid-19: A Comparative Analysis Between The United States And South Korea, Jeong Youn Lee, Bawool Hong, Jenny J. Lee

Journal of Comparative & International Higher Education

No abstract provided.

Compassionate Communication, Social Support, And Safety: Needs Of People Experiencing Homelessness, Emma Lynn Jackson

Communication & Theatre Arts Theses

On any given night in 2023, approximately 650,000 people were experiencing homelessness (HUD, 2023). With the highest rate of homelessness since national reporting began in 2007 and double the rate of chronic homelessness since 2016, it could be inferred that the resources are not effectively mitigating the problem (HUD, 2023). To attempt to understand this complex issue, this thesis initially reviewed theories on societal structures, personal connections, social support, and gaps in support. In person interviews of 14 people living with homelessness explored perceptions of support, social challenges, involvement in the community and lack of support. Following each interview, a …

Cattle Industry Funding Scheme Annual Report 2022/2023, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Biosecurity published reports

In June 2010 the Cattle Industry Funding Scheme (IFS) was introduced to address biosecurity threats relevant to the Western Australian (WA) cattle industry. The Scheme was established under the Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007 to enable cattle producers to identify the pest and disease priorities at a whole-of-industry level and to raise funds for activities to address these priorities.

There are currently three Industry Funding Schemes in operation. In addition to the Cattle IFS, there is a Sheep and Goat IFS and a Grains, Seeds and Hay IFS. The three IFSs operate in a similar manner.

The purpose of …

Sir Fractional Order Of Covid-19 By Adams Bashforth-Moulton Method, Zubaidah Sadikin, Zaileha Md Ali, Fatin Nadira Rusly, Nuramira Husna Abu Hassan, Siti Rahimah Batcha, Noratika Nordin

Malaysian Journal of Computing (MJoC)

This study addresses a research gap by introducing fractional order derivatives into the SIR model for tracking COVID-19 in Malaysia. The Caputo sense fractional derivative and the Adams Bashforth Moulton method are employed to analyse the COVID-19 behavior and stability. By manipulating fractional order derivative values, this study investigates their impact on key SIR parameters, observing that lower values accelerate the attainment of asymptotic behavior in populations. The stability analysis reveals two equilibrium points: an unstable disease-free equilibrium and a stable endemic equilibrium within the system. This pioneering exploration of fractional order derivatives in the context of Malaysia's COVID-19 modeling …

Novel Methods For Modeling And Treating Biofilm Infections, Emily Lazarus

Theses

Biofilms are responsible for the development of chronic infections, which are 10-1000 times more resistant to antimicrobial agents than two-dimensional (2D) planktonic culture. Traditionally, 2D planktonic cultures are used to study efficacy of antimicrobial treatments but 2D cultures have several shortcomings such as increased sensitivity to treatments, lack of complexity of the three-dimensional (3D) environment, limited host defense mechanisms, and lack the structural thickness of natural biofilms. Biofilm-related infections play a critical role in the delayed healing process of chronic skin wounds, and while treatments for chronic skin wounds exist, including negative pressure wound healing (NPWT), biofilm infections still prevail. …

Proactive International Law, Michal Saliternik, Sivan Shlomo Agon

UC Law Journal

This Article challenges the centuries-old reactive and past-oriented approach of international law. It suggests that while the reactive paradigm has facilitated practical solutions to the concrete problems faced by the international community, this paradigm has also led international law to become backward-looking and short-sighted, thereby hindering the discipline from acting in anticipation of long-term problems and developments.

Against this backdrop, this Article calls for a conceptual shift. It argues that the time has come to couple international law’s traditional reactive paradigm with a more proactive, forward-looking approach that is geared toward the future, with a view to preventing risks and …

Predicting Covid 19 Trends A Deep Dive Into Time Dependent Sirsd With Deep Learning Technique, Abdul Basit, Jasni Mohamad Zain, Abdul Kadir Jumaat, Nur’Izzati Hamdan, Hafiza Zoya Mojahid

Malaysian Journal of Computing (MJoC)

The COVID-19 pandemic, also known as Coronavirus Disease 2019, has affected over 700 million people globally, resulting in approximately 7 million deaths. Research has proposed multiple mathematical models to institute a disease transmission framework and predict the disease growth. Most of the existing mathematical disease growth prediction models are less effective due to the exclusion of the re-susceptible scenarios and overlooks their timedependent properties, which change continuously during the viral transmission process. Another popular prediction technique is deep learning approaches. However, existing methods often fail to accurately capture the dynamic trends of epidemics during their spreading phases in short-term and …

Prescription And Dispensation Of Qt-Prolonging Medications In Individuals Receiving Hemodialysis, Virginia Wang, Chin-Hua Lily Wang, Magdalene M Assimon, Patrick H Pun, Wolfgang C Winkelmayer, Jennifer E Flythe

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

IMPORTANCE: Individuals with dialysis-dependent kidney failure have numerous risk factors for medication-related adverse events, including receipt of care by multiple clinicians and initiation of some QT-prolonging medications with known risk of torsades de pointes (TdP), which is associated with higher risk of sudden cardiac death. Little is known about the prescription and dispensation patterns of QT-prolonging medications among people receiving dialysis, hindering efforts to reduce drug-related harm from these and other medications in this high-risk population.

OBJECTIVE: To examine prescription and dispensation patterns of QT-prolonging medications with known TdP risk and selected interacting medications prescribed to individuals receiving hemodialysis.

DESIGN, …

The Correlational Effects Of Academic And Demographic Factors On Nursing Students’ Attrition, Progression, And Completion At A University College Of Nursing, Adebusola A. Obafemi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

High United States nursing student attrition rates have attracted political, organizational, and social interest for numerous reasons. This attrition places financial burdens on the students, results in revenue loss for the college, and exacerbates the existing nursing shortage. Students' success in a nursing program is crucial for nurses to practice nursing. The purpose of this retrospective study was to explore the effects of academic performance and demographic/categorical factors on nursing students' progression and completion at a University College of Nursing in the Southern United States. The target population consisted of students enrolled at the University College of Nursing from January …

Covid-19 Vaccination In Patients With Inborn Errors Of Immunity Reduces Hospitalization And Critical Care Needs Related To Covid-19: A Usidnet Report., John Mcdonnell, Kimberley Cousins, M Elizabeth M. Younger, Adam Lane, Hassan Abolhassani, Roshini S. Abraham, Salem Al-Tamemi, Juan Carlos Aldave-Becerra, Eman Hesham Al-Faris, Alberto Alfaro-Murillo, Suzan A. Alkhater, Nouf Alsaati, Alexa Michelle Altman Doss, Melissa Anderson, Ernestina Angarola, Barbara Ariue, Danielle E. Arnold, Amal H. Assa'ad, Caner Aytekin, Meaghan Bank, Jenna R E Bergerson, Jack Bleesing, John Boesing, Carolina Bouso, Nicholas Brodszki, Diana Cabanillas, Carol Cady, Meghan A. Callahan, Roberta Caorsi, Javier Carbone, Maria Carrabba, Riccardo Castagnoli, Jason R. Catanzaro, Samantha Chan, Sharat Chandra, Hugo Chapdelaine, Zahra Chavoshzadeh, Hey Jin Chong, Lori Connors, Filippo Consonni, Oscar Correa-Jimenez, Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles, Katherine D'Astous-Gauthier, Ottavia Maria Delmonte, Yesim Yilmaz Demirdag, Deepti R. Deshpande, Natalie M. Diaz-Cabrera, Victoria R. Dimitriades, Rasha El-Owaidy, Gehad Elghazali, Suleiman Al-Hammadi, Giovanna Fabio, Astrid Schellnast Faure, Jin Feng, James M. Fernandez, Lauren Fill, Guacira R. Franco, Robert W. Frenck, Ramsay L. Fuleihan, Giuliana Giardino, Jessica Galant-Swafford, Eleonora Gambineri, Elizabeth K. Garabedian, Ashley V. Geerlinks, Ekaterini Goudouris, Octavio Grecco, Qiang Pan-Hammarström, Hedieh Haji Khodaverdi Khani, Lennart Hammarström, Nicholas L. Hartog, Jennifer Heimall, Gabriela Hernandez-Molina, Caroline C. Horner, Robert W. Hostoffer, Nataliya Hristova, Kuang-Chih Hsiao, Gabriela Ivankovich-Escoto, Faris Jaber, Maaz Jalil, Mahnaz Jamee, Tiffany Jean, Stephanie Jeong, Devi Jhaveri, Michael B. Jordan, Avni Y. Joshi, Amanpreet Kalkat, Henry J. Kanarek, Erinn S. Kellner, Amer Khojah, Ruby Khoury, Cristina M. Kokron, Ashish Kumar, Kelsey Lecerf, Heather K. Lehman, Jennifer W. Leiding, Harry Lesmana, Xin Rong Lim, Joao Pedro Lopes, Ana Laura López, Lucia Tarquini, Ingrid S. Lundgren, Julieann Magnusson, Ana Karolina B B Marinho, Gian Luigi Marseglia, Giulia M. Martone, Annamaria G. Mechtler, Leonardo Mendonca, Joshua D. Milner, Peter J. Mustillo, Asal Gharib Naderi, Samuele Naviglio, Jeremy Nell, Hana B. Niebur, Luigi Notarangelo, Matias Oleastro, María Claudia Ortega-López, Neil R. Patel, Gordana Petrovic, Claudio Pignata, Oscar Porras, Benjamin T. Prince, Jennifer M. Puck, Nashmia Qamar, Marco Rabusin, Nikita Raje, Lorena Regairaz, Kimberly A. Risma, Elizabeth H. Ristagno, John Routes, Persio Roxo-Junior, Negin Salemi, Christopher Scalchunes, Susan J. Schuval, Suranjith L. Seneviratne, Ashwin Shankar, Roya Sherkat, Junghee Jenny Shin, Abeer Siddiqi, Sara Signa, Ali Sobh, Fabiana Mascarenhas Souza Lima, Kristen K. Stenehjem, Jonathan S. Tam, Monica Tang, Myrthes Toledo Barros, James Verbsky, Eleni Vergadi, Dayne H. Voelker, Stefano Volpi, Luke A. Wall, Christine Wang, Kelli W. Williams, Eveline Y. Wu, Shan Shan Wu, Jessie J. Zhou, Alexandria Cook, Kathleen E. Sullivan, Rebecca Marsh

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: The CDC and ACIP recommend COVID-19 vaccination for patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI). Not much is known about vaccine safety in IEI, and whether vaccination attenuates infection severity in IEI.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate COVID-19 vaccination safety and examine effect on outcomes in patients with IEI.

METHODS: We built a secure registry database in conjunction with the US Immunodeficiency Network to examine vaccination frequency and indicators of safety and effectiveness in IEI patients. The registry opened on January 1, 2022, and closed on August 19, 2022.

RESULTS: Physicians entered data on 1245 patients from 24 countries. The most …

Accuracy Of Influenza Icd-10 Diagnosis Codes In Identifying Influenza Illness In Children., James W. Antoon, Tess Stopczynski, Justin Z. Amarin, Laura S. Stewart, Julie A. Boom, Leila C. Sahni, Marian G. Michaels, John V. Williams, Janet A. Englund, Eileen J. Klein, Mary A. Staat, Elizabeth P. Schlaudecker, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Jennifer E. Schuster, Geoffrey A. Weinberg, Peter G. Szilagyi, Ariana Perez, Heidi L. Moline, Andrew J. Spieker, Carlos G. Grijalva, Samantha M. Olson, Natasha B. Halasa

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

IMPORTANCE: Studies of influenza in children commonly rely on coded diagnoses, yet the ability of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes to identify influenza in the emergency department (ED) and hospital is highly variable. The accuracy of newer International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes to identify influenza in children is unknown.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of ICD-10 influenza discharge diagnosis codes in the pediatric ED and inpatient settings.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Children younger than 18 years presenting to the ED or inpatient settings with fever and/or respiratory symptoms at 7 …

Analytical Challenges In Omics Research On Asthma And Allergy: A National Institute Of Allergy And Infectious Diseases Workshop, Supinda Bunyavanich, Patrice M Becker, Matthew C Altman, Jessica Lasky-Su, Carole Ober, Karsten Zengler, Evgeny Berdyshev, Richard Bonneau, Talal Chatila, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Kian Fan Chung, Colleen Cutcliffe, Wendy Davidson, Gang Dong, Gang Fang, Patricia Fulkerson, Blanca E Himes, Liming Liang, Rasika A Mathias, Shuji Ogino, Joseph Petrosino, Nathan D Price, Eric Schadt, James Schofield, Max A Seibold, Hanno Steen, Lisa Wheatley, Hongmei Zhang, Alkis Togias, Kohei Hasegawa

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Studies of asthma and allergy are generating increasing volumes of omics data for analysis and interpretation. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) assembled a workshop comprising investigators studying asthma and allergic diseases using omics approaches, omics investigators from outside the field, and NIAID medical and scientific officers to discuss the following areas in asthma and allergy research: genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, microbiomics, metabolomics, proteomics, lipidomics, integrative omics, systems biology, and causal inference. Current states of the art, present challenges, novel and emerging strategies, and priorities for progress were presented and discussed for each area. This workshop report summarizes …

Pulsed Electric Fields Sensitize Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus To Antibacterial Therapies And Stimulate Host Immune Responses, Alexandra E. Chittams-Miles

Biomedical Sciences Theses & Dissertations

This research explores the impact of nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEF) on two fronts: their immune stimulatory effects and their potential as a novel strategy to enhance the sensitivity of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) to clinically relevant antibiotics. While pulsed electric fields have been reported to have an immune stimulatory effect, the mechanisms responsible for these effects have yet to be determined.

Our investigation addresses the rising concern of MRSA derived skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). Consistent with other publications, we found that nsPEF alone cause modest inactivation of planktonic MRSA. We then investigated the effects of nsPEF in …

Decreasing The Antibiotic Survival Of Multi-Drug Resistant Gram-Positive Organisms, Areej Malik

Biomedical Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Biofilm production plays a crucial role in bacterial antibiotic tolerance and novel approaches are needed to combat it. The stringent response (SR), activated by nucleotide alarmones (pp)pGpp, is crucial for bacterial transcriptional reprogramming. In Clostridioides difficile, the SR is implicated in antibiotic survival, contributing to infection recurrence. Despite its known roles in sporulation and biofilm production in other bacterial species, the broader influence of the SR on C. difficile physiology remains undiscovered. This study deletes the C. difficile SR gene relQ, revealing the pivotal role of RelQ in regulating SR-dependent phenotypes in this organism. The absence of RelQ …

Did Covid-19 Disrupt The Stock Market Return And Volatility? A Meta-Analytic Approach, Masagus M. Ridhwan, Solikin M. Juhro, Affandi Ismail, Peter Nijkamp, Kelvin Ramadhan Hidayat

Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking

We provide a quantitative synthesis of the literature utilizing meta-regression analysis on the measurable effect of the combined health and economic crisis due to the COVID-19 pandemic on stock market returns and volatility. This study is conducted based on 104 studies published during the period 2020 to 2022. We find strong evidence of a negative publication bias for COVID-19 impacts on stock market returns and a positive bias on volatility. We document that COVID-19 has a moderate negative effect on stock market returns. Estimates based on intraday stock returns show a greater effect compared to those using daily returns, whereas …

Hand Hygiene Practices Among Nurses In South Sulawesi Hospitals, Muhammad Rizky Asfarada, Rini Rachmawaty, Andina Setyawati, Gulzar Malik

Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia

Healthcare professionals’ adherence to hand hygiene protocols is paramount to prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) and ensure patient safety. This study evaluates compliance with the World Health Organization's (WHO) "Five-Moment Hand Hygiene" protocol among nurses in two Indonesian hospitals: Regional General Hospital X in Makassar City and Provincial General Hospital Y in South Sulawesi Province. A total of 60 nurses participated, with demographic analysis revealing significant differences between the hospitals. Utilizing a comprehensive observation tool provided by the WHO, data analysis indicated variations in hand hygiene practices, particularly after touching patient surroundings. Despite these differences, the data followed a normal distribution, …

Covid-19 Cases And Factors Associated With 11 Indonesian Provinces, 2021, Mugi Wahidin, Wawan Ridwan, Doni Lasut, Aan Kurniawan, Yurika Fauzia Wardhani

Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia

In collaboration with other stakeholders, National Task Force of COVID-19 Control conducted massive detection of the cases, followed by contact tracing. The study aimed to overview COVID-19 cases from 58 districts of 11 provinces in Indonesia and its associated factors. A cross-sectional study design used secondary data from The National Task Force of COVID-19 Control. COVID-19 cases and other variables were collected in 58 districts in 11 provinces of Indonesia year 2021. The study incorporated descriptive, correlation, and multiple linear regression analysis with the district as an analysis unit. The median of COVID-19 cases was 804 per district, traced cases …