Digital Commons Network^™

Participation In Paradise?: Indigenous Participation And Environmental Decisionmaking In HawaiʻI, Lindsay Peterson

American Indian Law Journal

No abstract provided.

An Analysis Of The Legal Framework For Telemedicine In Jamaica, Lynette Martins

Seattle Journal of Technology, Environmental, & Innovation Law

The ubiquity of telemedicine worldwide makes it hard to imagine a time without it. While global iterations of remote healthcare services began decades ago, telemedicine as a phenomenon has existed in Jamaica since at least the late 1990s. Still, its use and uptake were inconsistent and sporadic for a multitude of reasons, one of which was the strong preference for in-person healthcare services. However, as the last few years have demonstrated, the expansion of medicinal practice beyond the confines of the examination room can prove immensely valuable, not only during times of crises, but in the everyday practice of medicine. …

Managing The Environmental And Socio-Economic Impacts Of Rohingya Refugees In Bangladesh, Mousume Azad

Master's Projects and Capstones

In August 2017, nearly 1 million Rohingya people fled to Bangladesh to save their lives from the genocide inflicted by the military of Myanmar. At present, over 1.3 million Rohingyas are staying at Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, in 34 overcrowded refugee camps. This research examined the environmental impacts especially the change in vegetation cover and land surface temperature as well as the socioeconomic alteration of the host country after the refugee influx. The research found a 5488 ha or 9.58% decrease in forest area, accompanied by an 8.25% increase in refugee settlement areas, an increase in average land surface temperature within …

Bioinformatic Analysis Of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis G-12-005, Natalie Bianchi

Undergraduate Theses and Capstone Projects

Infection, a ubiquitous biological phenomenon, involves the invasion and multiplication of pathogens within a host organism, instigating a complex interplay between the infectious agent and the host's immune defenses. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a bacterium that is naturally found in soil and water; however it also infects humans and can survive without detection by the host’s immune system (Chai et. al 2018). The profound impact of tuberculosis infection on history is reflected in its continued prevalence as a major global health threat. Despite advancements in healthcare, the persistence of tuberculosis infections continues to pose significant challenges worldwide. Mycobacterium tuberculosis G-12-005 gene …

Fluorescence-Based Techniques For The Identification Of Small Biomolecules, Charnette Frederic

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

Understanding fluorescence-based methods for detecting small biomolecules is a crucial area of focus in research investigations. Our studies focused on the challenge in two parts: Non-intrinsic fluorescence and intrinsic fluorescence. For studies on Non-intrinsic fluorescence, Rifampicin (Rif), an antibiotic harnessed for treating diverse bacterial infections, including tuberculosis (TB), serves as a focal point. Leveraging the Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX) process, aptamers emerged from the nonspecific 40-mer Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) library to interact with its target, Rif. During each SELEX cycle, the recovered nucleotides underwent amplification via Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) until the most selective aptamers were …

U.S. International Climate Finance: An Analysis Of Historical Shortfalls And A Proposal For More Equitable Distribution, Maria-Cristina Kealey

Master's Projects and Capstones

Least-developed countries experienced 69% of deaths from climate disasters over the past 50 years despite comprising only 13% of the world’s population. Low-income and climate vulnerable nations around the world are suffering disproportionately as wealthy, high-emitting countries, such as the U.S., profit from the climate crisis. This research provides a comprehensive overview of past U.S. contributions to international climate finance efforts, assesses the climate finance deficit globally and specifically for developing countries, and proposes a more equitable share of U.S. funding from a quantitative and restorative climate justice approach. The primary analyses included quantifying the U.S. share of global greenhouse …

Impact Of Toll-Like Receptor 10 Mutations On Tuberculosis Infections, Adriana Nicole Rafael, Sangman Kim

Master's Theses

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), is a leading global health crisis causing millions of cases and deaths each year. Though it affects individuals of any race, ethnicity, or cultural group, research shows the disease disproportionately affects individuals with Asian ancestry. Immunity to M. tb starts with its recognition by pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which are key players in immune responses. TLR-10, an understudied toll-like receptor due to its inability to be studied through mouse models, is thought to play a key role in the clearance of inflammatory diseases. SNP I775V, …

Secrets Of The Medicine Cabinet: How Big Pharma's Information Monopoly Influences Federal Public Health Regulations, Kyle James

Culture, Society, and Praxis

Pharmaceutical companies are the largest industry contributor to political activities in the United States. Instead of pursuing traditional routes of political influence, these firms concentrate their efforts within federal public health agencies. By directly intervening in the regulatory process, Big Pharma assumes control of the drug approval process, dictating the means by which pharmaceutical products enter the marketplace. This scheme is designed to strip agencies of their public interest mandate. The resulting political phenomenon, known as regulatory capture, creates a symbiotic relationship where federal agencies and industry mutually benefit from the swift commercialization of drugs. This thesis examines "how" Big …

Association Of Respiratory Viral Testing And Antibiotic Use For Pediatric Patients Admitted For Acute Respiratory Illness Between 2017-2021 At Children’S Mercy-Kansas City, Edward Lyon, Brian Lee, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Jennifer Schuster

Research Days

Retrospective comparison of hospitalized pediatric patients who did or did not have clinical viral respiratory testing performed to understand if antibiotics were used differently between these groups.

Modeling Fast Information And Slow(Er) Disease Spreading: A Geometric Analysis, Iulia Martina Bulai, Mattia Sensi, Sara Sottile

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

Effect Of A Multispecies Probiotic With Fluconazole On Oral Candidiasis In Subjects With Hiv, Nicole Romaneschi

Yale School of Medicine Physician Associate Program Theses

Oropharyngeal candidiasis is the most prevalent opportunistic infection among people living with HIV. Fluconazole is the recommended treatment for the disease in immunocompromised patients, but its efficacy is waning with growing resistance of candida, the yeast that causes candidiasis. Studies have shown that probiotics decrease oral candida load, but research about the use of probiotics in HIV-positive individuals with oropharyngeal candidiasis is limited. This study will investigate whether probiotics taken with fluconazole lead to increased remission of oropharyngeal candidiasis signs and symptoms in subjects with HIV when compared to fluconazole monotherapy. Participants will be treated with a two-week fluconazole course …

Hiding In Plain Sight: Medical Theses, Slavery, And Reparative Archival Practices, Anna Marie Schuldt

MUSC Conference Papers

Despite the prevalence of the use and abuse of enslaved individuals in the pursuit of medical education at the Medical College of South Carolina during the pre-Civil War era, evidence of the institution's involvement with slavery is scarce in the discoverable archival resources at the Waring Historical Library. The Waring Historical Library Inaugural Theses Project aims to identify and bring these hidden narratives into focus through reparative description work. Key outcomes include enhancing the outdated index, transferring it to a LibGuide format, and improving descriptions, subject headings, and transcripts within catalog records. The project emphasizes how interdisciplinary cooperation between archivists …

Digital Health Literacy, Vaccine Information Sources, And Vaccine Acceptance Among Parents In Ontario: Quantitative Findings From A Mixed Methods Study, Sarah Ashfield, Lorie Donelle Phd, Rn, Fcan, Panagiota Tryphonopoulos, Ève Dubé, Maxwell Smith

Faculty Publications

Parents make important vaccination decisions for their children and many variables affect parents’ decisions to accept or decline vaccines. Parents are tasked with locating, understanding, and applying information to inform health decisions often using online resources; however, the digital health literacy levels of parents are unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate parents’ digital health literacy levels, their sources for vaccine information, and analyze how demographics, digital health literacy, health literacy, parental attitudes and vaccine beliefs, trust, and vaccine information sources predict vaccine acceptance. Quantitative findings of a mixed methods study that examined parental vaccine decision making across …

Jtc 24: Applying Full-Time Effort To Job And Degree, Megan Black

University of Mississippi News

This story is part of the 2024 Journey to Commencement series, which celebrates the pinnacle of the academic year by highlighting University of Mississippi students and their outstanding academic and personal journeys from college student to college graduate.

Mathematical Modeling Suggests Pathways Of Systemic Dissemination Of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis In Mice, Vitaly V. Ganusov

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

Antibiogram Profiles Of Pathogenic And Commensal Bacteria In Goat And Sheep Feces On Smallholder Farm, Ashesh Basnet, Agnes Kilonzo-Nthenge

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

Introduction: The increase of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in zoonotic pathogens poses a substantial threat to both animal production and human health. Although large-scale animal farms are acknowledged as major reservoirs for AMR, there is a notable knowledge gap concerning AMR in small-scale farms. This study seeks to address this gap by collecting and analyzing 137 fecal samples from goat and sheep farms in Tennessee and Georgia.

Method: Bacteria were identified using culture-dependent methods and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed using the Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion method.

Results and discussion: The prevalence of E. coli (94.9%) …

Perceived Stress From Covid-19 On High School Students With Previous Trauma In A Rural County In The Southeastern United States, Kari Anne Russell

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The COVID-19 pandemic created historical trauma that will be felt for years to come. As the world begins sifting through the impacts, adolescents with previous trauma could be among the greatest sufferers. Rooted in trauma theory, this study aimed to examine the effects on high school students with previous trauma in a rural county in the southeastern United States. Variables such as previous mental health or counseling services, gender, socioeconomic status, race or ethnicity, and number of generations living in the home were all examined for those students having four or more ACEs. Through a quantitative design and with passive …

Dual-Domain Clustering Of Spatiotemporal Infectious Disease Data, Samuel R. Thornton, Erin C.S. Acquesta, Patrick D. Finley, Mansoor A. Haider

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

Graphing The Curve: A Mathematical Expedition Into Social Distancing's Role In The South African Covid-19 Narrative, Chidozie Williams Chukwu

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

Information Feedback Delays Within Epidemic Models And Their Effect On Model Dynamics., Maria K. Bouka, Christopher Strickland Dr

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

Optimizing Immunotherapies For Improved Cancer Treatment, Anne Talkington, Anthony Kearsley

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

Characterizing New Invasive Infections In Children’S Mercy Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation And And Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy Patients, Samantha M. Davidson, Jay F. Rilinger, Jenna O. Miller, Caroline Holten, Josh Herigon

Research Days

This abstract characterizes the patients at Children's Mercy who developed a new serious bacterial infection while on extracorporeal support.

Let's Talk About Sex & Prep: District 2 Does!, Chrissa M. Shaffer

Georgia Public Health Association Annual Meeting & Conference

Defining what a PrEP Service Program entails and how it could benefit your district or county health center. Discussing methods that have been used to set up PrEP Services within a district – including training, resources, and promotion. Identifying the challenges and working through them. Reviewing the results of the PrEP Services over the past year, and the ongoing goals to encourage and increase our PrEP Services.

Sanctions For Non Disclosure, As Set Out In Article 6 Of The Wipo Basic Proposal On Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources And Traditional Knowledge, Should Include Possible Revocation Of A Patent, James Love, Claire Cassedy

Joint PIJIP/TLS Research Paper Series

The basic proposal for an international legal instrument relating to intellectual property, genetic resources and traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources prepared by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Secretariat (GRATK/DC/3) sets out in its Article 3 a narrow obligation to disclose (1) the country of origin of the genetic resource, or if not known, its source, and (2) the Indigenous Peoples or local community that provided traditional knowledge associated with the genetic resource, or the source of such knowledge.

Article 6 of the basic proposal sets out the sanctions and remedies for failures to make such disclosures. Among the …

Women, War And Reproductive Health: An Analysis Of Afghanistan 1980-2023, Behishta Sadaat

Dartmouth College Master’s Theses

As an Afghan woman who lived through decades of conflict, experienced motherhood, and advocated for women’s rights, I have witnessed firsthand the profound impact of war on reproductive health. Despite the significance of this issue, there exists a dearth of essential data and research, particularly in the context of armed conflict. Drawing from my academic background in the health sector and my activism for women’s rights, my thesis aims to fill this gap by examining how war has shaped Afghan women’s reproductive health needs and experiences between 1980 and 2023.

This research explores the evolving socio-political landscape of the country …

Improving Treatment Adherence Of Chronic Disease Management In Patients Presenting To The Interventional Pulmonary Perioperative Services With Telephone Follow-Ups, Victoria Dao, Desiree Camille Nanat

Doctor of Nursing Practice Final Manuscripts

Abstract

Purpose of Project: The purpose of this evidence-based practice (EBP) project was to review research-based evidence systematically and to implement evidence-based change in practice in the clinical setting. The goal is to improve treatment adherence in patients with obesity, hypertension (HTN), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) by providing telephone follow-ups within 30 days post-perioperative discharge.

Background: Obesity, HTN, T2DM, and OSA continue to pose significant challenges to the United States healthcare system. Nonadherence to prescribed management of these chronic diseases is prevalent among patients presenting to the perioperative department of a regional academic hospital …

Delivering Crispr To The Hiv-1 Reservoirs, Theodore Gurrola, Samuel Effah, Ilker Sariyer, Will Dampier, Michael Nonnemacher, Brian Wigdahl

Kimmel Cancer Center Faculty Papers

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is well known as one of the most complex and difficult viral infections to cure. The difficulty in developing curative strategies arises in large part from the development of latent viral reservoirs (LVRs) within anatomical and cellular compartments of a host. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/ CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system shows remarkable potential for the inactivation and/or elimination of integrated proviral DNA within host cells, however, delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 system to infected cells is still a challenge. In this review, the main factors impacting delivery, the challenges for delivery …

Prevalence, Incidence, And Predictors Of Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Infection Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men In The Southern United States, Maverick Salyards, Ank E Nijhawan, Jacky Kuo, Sheena M Knights, Susana Lazarte, Nazzarena Labo, Wendell Miley, Denise Whitby, Lu-Yu Hwang, Anna-William Kornberg, Kayo Fujimoto, Elizabeth Y Chiao

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) continues to cause substantial morbidity and mortality in populations at risk in the southern United States. Utilizing biospecimens from the Houston site of the Young Men's Affiliate Project, 351 men who have sex with men had blood tested for KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) IgG. Seroprevalence, seroconversion between time points, and demographic and clinical correlates were measured. KSHV prevalence was 36.7% and incidence was 8.9 per 100 person-years. Furthermore, prevalence and incidence were higher among Black individuals, people living with HIV, and those with a history of syphilis. Further research on KSHV risk may improve health disparities in KS …

Oncology Patients’ Willingness To Report Their Medication Safety Concerns From Home: A Qualitative Study, Deema Bunni, Grace Walters, Misun Hwang, Katie Gahn, Heidi Mason, Milisa Manojlovich, Yang Gong, Yun Jiang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Purpose: Oncology patients often struggle to manage their medications and related adverse events during transitions of care. They are expected to take an active role in self-monitoring and timely reporting of their medication safety events or concerns to clinicians. The purpose of this study was to explore the factors influencing oncology patients' willingness to report adverse events or concerns related to their medication after their transitions back home.

Methods: A qualitative interview study was conducted with adult patients with breast, prostate, lung, or colorectal cancer who experienced care transitions within the previous year. A semi-structured interview guide was developed to …

Seasonality, Clinical Characteristics, And Outcomes Of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease By Subtype Among Children Aged <5 Years: New Vaccine Surveillance Network, United States, 2016-2020., Ariana P. Toepfer, Justin Z. Amarin, Andrew J. Spieker, Laura S. Stewart, Mary Allen Staat, Elizabeth P. Schlaudecker, Geoffrey A. Weinberg, Peter G. Szilagyi, Janet A. Englund, Eileen J. Klein, Marian G. Michaels, John V. Williams, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Christopher J. Harrison, Joana Y. Lively, Pedro A. Piedra, Vasanthi Avadhanula, Brian Rha, James Chappell, Meredith Mcmorrow, Heidi Moline, Natasha B. Halasa

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory illnesses in children. RSV can be broadly categorized into 2 major subtypes: A and B. RSV subtypes have been known to cocirculate with variability in different regions of the world. Clinical associations with viral subtype have been studied among children with conflicting findings such that no conclusive relationships between RSV subtype and severity have been established.

METHODS: During 2016-2020, children aged/guardian interviews, chart reviews, and collection of midturbinate nasal plus/minus throat swabs for RSV (RSV-A, RSV-B, and untyped) using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.

RESULTS: Among 6398 RSV-positive …