Digital Commons Network^™

A Comparative Evaluation Of Local And Imported Ciprofloxacin Tablets Marketed In Yemen, Tareq Maqlam, Abdullah H Maad

Al-Ameed Journal for Medical Research and Health Sciences

Ciprofloxacin is one of the most common antibacterial drugs used mainly for gastrointestinal and urinary tract infections. This study aimed to compare the quality specifications of two Yemeni ciprofloxacin hydrochloride tablet products with two non-Yemeni brands. Samples were randomly selected from different batch numbers and subjected to physicochemical testing in accordance with pharmacopeial monographs. Additionally, microbiological susceptibility testing was performed against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. All tested products complied with pharmacopoeial standards for weight uniformity (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with brand D demonstrating the highest activity. These findings suggest that Yemeni ciprofloxacin tablets meet quality standards …

Pilot/ Validation Of Protocol For An Alternative To Clinical, Morgan Sylvester

Honors Theses

All across the country, Clinical Microbiology laboratories are being consolidated into one location for an entire hospital network10. Though this helps reduce cost and staffing needs, it creates issues for the next generation of Medical Laboratory Scientists (MLS) trying to find clinical sites to complete clinical practicum rotations to complete the necessary certification processes. To combat this issue, it was proposed that MLS programs create alternative curriculums to offer in place of clinical rotations to reduce the amount of time students need in these rotations from three weeks to one week. This study investigated one alternative with the intent that …

Chronic Inflammation: The Link Between A High Added Sugar Diet And Disease, Anna Collins

Senior Honors Theses

The modern diet includes many processed foods that contain added sugars, resulting in a significant increase in daily glucose and fructose consumption. Considering this, there is an increased effort to uncover the effects of excess sugar intake on the body’s health and metabolism. Strong evidence supports the connection between a high added sugar diet and the presence of chronic, low-grade inflammation due to cellular distress and metabolic dysfunction. Prolonged inflammatory responses are linked to tissue damage and the development of various metabolic diseases that are prevalent in modern society, such as obesity, fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 …

Common Challenges Faced By Early-Career Researchers In Latin American And Small U.S. Universities, Daniela Cejas, Fatima Rodriguez Acosta, Juan Rivera-Correa

Publications and Research

Early-career researchers from Spanish-speaking Latin American countries and small U.S. universities are underrepresented in international scientific databases. They have geographical importance, infectious disease endemicity, and exceptional researchers in microbiology, but these factors do not translate to representation in high-impact scientific publications. Many reasons could be involved, including financial burdens such as the inability to pay article processing charges. Additional teaching, institutional, and service responsibilities also highly influence their research productivity. Despite this, they are expected to publish high-impact articles, and their career development highly depends on it. There is an opportunity for global peer collaboration to tackle this inequity and …

Comparison Of Broad-Spectrum Anti-Pseudomonal Beta-Lactam Antibiotics Versus Targeted Therapy For Neutropenic Patients With Methicillin-Susceptible, Lauren C Russell, Jeff Klaus, Miguel A Chavez, Erik R Dubberke, Tamara Krekel

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The safety of the utilization of methicillin-susceptible

Evidence: How Dr. John Snow Solved The Mystery Of Cholera, Cynthia Lackey

Lorgnette: Quarterly Review of Children's and Young Adults' Books

No abstract provided.

Reducing Antibiotic Duration For Pneumonia And Sinusitis In The Emergency Department: A Quality Improvement Approach, Joshua Saucedo, Leslie Hueschen, Amanda Nedved, Marsha Dannenburg, Patricia Phillips, Jennifer Floyd, Alaina N. Burns, Rana El Feghaly

Research Days

Background: Our aim is to increase the percentage of children discharged home from the ED with a diagnosis of CAP or ABRS treated with an optimal antibiotic duration (3-5 days for CAP, 5-7 days for ABRS) from 13% to 70% by July 25.

Methods: Outcome metric is the percentage of patients receiving recommended antibiotic duration for CAP and ABRS. Process metrics include use of order set, "Quick Discharge” order set, and clinical pathway QR codes. Balancing metric is the number of return visits with the same diagnosis < 14 days. Plan-Do-Study-Act methodology was used. In Aug 23, our ASP disseminated a handbook that emphasized shorter durations. A new multidisciplinary team (infectious diseases, ED, and urgent care physicians, advanced practice providers, nurses, and pharmacy) formed in Dec 23. We utilized cause-and-effect analysis, driver diagram, and prioritization matrix, which helped identify other impactful interventions, including implementation of new internal CAP clinical pathway order set (April 24) and “Quick Discharge” order sets (May 24). Next, we surveyed prescriber comfort (June 24) with shorter duration identifying barriers and providing education, leading to posted evidence for lower duration treatment in practitioner workrooms and developing a new ABRS clinical pathway (Sept 24). Top prescribers providing optimal duration received email acknowledgement (Oct 24) and resident rotators received antibiotic handbook and CAP clinical pathway QR codes (Nov 24). New best treatment practices for ABRS were elucidated and disseminated through clinical pathway and internal article publishing to our hospital and associated clinics (Dec 24).

Results: We saw shifts in the outcome metric’s center line in Sept 23 …

In The Quest For New Horizons: Evaluating Novel Therapeutic Approaches For Tuberculosis Treatment, Selassie Mawuko, Aminata Traore, Bibi-Sakeena Khemraj, Anna Steto, Richa Gupta

Publications and Research

Tuberculosis (TB) in humans, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a significant global health concern, resulting in high disease burden and mortality each year which together make it the world’s topmost infectious killer. The emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in recent decades has further exacerbated the present situation and warrants an urgent need to develop and investigate innovative treatment regimes. This study aims to assess the therapeutic potential of newly identified drug candidates, namely Bedaquiline, Delamanid, and Linezolid, in treating MDR-TB. We adopted a consolidated and integrated approach encompassing a thorough literature review, empirical experimental studies, multiple sequence alignments, and …

Cross Cultural Mentoring: Including Diversity Awareness Strategies Into Healthcare Leadership Mentor Curriculum To Support Career Advancement Of Underrepresented Racial And Ethnic Groups, Deidra R. Burris

Doctoral Projects

Background: Mentoring programs in healthcare organizations can establish clear pathways for advancement through various management and leadership levels to senior-level positions. While mentoring develops leaders, many healthcare organizations do not offer mentoring programs that address unique issues experienced by members of racially and ethnically underrepresented groups. A study was conducted using a single-group, repeated-measures design to assess the impact of an intervention aimed at improving mentor attitudes, behaviors, and confidence regarding cultural awareness in the mentoring relationships of healthcare leaders. Methods: The study was conducted in a large California healthcare organization. The Cultural Diversity Awareness related to Race/Ethnicity (CDA-R/E) subscales …

Re: Physician And Advanced Practice Clinician Burnout In Rural And Urban Settings., Cody J Klinker

Ambulatory and Primary Care Articles

No abstract provided.

The Rainbow Nation Goes Dark: Unjust Energy Production And Load Shedding In South Africa, Grace E. Yearwood

Student Theses 2015-Present

Numerous inequalities experienced by South Africans right now are a result of the country’s previous apartheid government. One example is South Africa’s current energy distribution, which is extremely inequitable across communities due to the structurally failing energy grid and corruption within the government. Energy distribution in South Africa encapsulates the practice of load shedding, which is essentially controlled rolling electrical blackouts. Chapter One examines quantitative data regarding energy production and distribution in South Africa, including the details of load shedding. Moreover, this chapter explores the negative relationship between energy production, load shedding, and ecosystem services. The quantitative data lays the …

Climate Change Behind Prison Walls: Environmental Justice, Prison Abolition, And Social Welfare, Mia Moody

Student Theses 2015-Present

Unbeknownst to many, human rights violations occur on a large scale behind prison walls. This paper examines some of these violations, especially those exacerbated by climate change, through an environmental lense in order to emphasize the need for social welfare-based solutions in the abolition of the prison industrial complex. It also seeks to illustrate the connection between the environmental justice movement and the prison abolition movement so that marginalized peoples may be free from shouldering disproportionate effects of environmental hazards and imprisonment. This paper is introduced with a brief overview of the human rights violations occurring in prisons. Using quantitative …

What Modren Dental Dna Sequencing And Tooth Analysis Combined With Historical Context Can Tell Us About The Human Experience, Brynn Butko

D.U.Quark

Dental DNA extraction and visual analysis of teeth are subjects that aid many different research fields. Odontal analysis, specifically combined with forensic science and anthropology, allows for age and sex estimations, the identification of remains, and an in-depth historical account of human history. Because tooth analysis is utilized in various fields, a lack of uniform protocol for handling, analyzing, and extracting teeth persists. This review will explore the methods of dental analysis, the individual dental characteristics that identify age and sex in remains, and a depiction of the past through tooth evaluation. Creating a standardized protocol for the process of …

Chemical Reversal Of Beta-Lactam Resistance And Induction Of Hyper-Susceptibility In Pseudomonas Aeruginosa By Limiting Horizontal Gene Transfer Under Beta-Lactam Stress, Aimee Iradukunda

Dissertations - ALL

The emergence of antibiotic resistance poses a significant threat to global health, with certain bacterial strains evolving to resist multiple drugs. Urgent action is necessary to develop new antibacterial agents that effectively target these resistant strains; however, no new classes of antibiotics have been approved in recent decades. This research employs innovative biological tools to identify and highlight factors influencing resistance dynamics. Additionally, this study refines the novel approach by utilizing adjuvants to chemically repurpose existing antibiotics and improve their effectiveness against antibiotic-resistant strains. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, recognized for its adaptability, persistent infections—especially in cystic fibrosis patients—and widespread antibiotic resistance, serves …

Covid-19 And Related Adverse Neurological Complications, Hannah A. Wasson

Honors Thesis

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic changed the world drastically, and its impact was monumental. COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2, or severe acute respiratory syndrome, was the virus responsible for causing such mayhem. This contagious virus can enter the body via different routes, live on surfaces for hours, and be transmitted through the air, increasing infection risk. Once it enters the body, it can trick the body into replicating the virus. From this reaction within the body, signs and symptoms follow. While the name indicates a respiratory illness, the virus can inflict injury on other parts of the body. Due to the organ systems …

Relationship Between Prodigiosin Production And Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis Metabolite Concentration, Nautica Ek Hagg

Honors Thesis

Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is a pathogenic fungus that has been causing extirpations of amphibian species across the globe. The microbiome on the skin of amphibians is known to be a key factor in infection dynamics. It has been established that one species of cutaneous bacteria, Serratia marcescens, and a secondary metabolite with antifungal properties it produces, prodigiosin, has shown a promising ability to decrease the growth of Bd. However, when Serratia marcescens is grown in the same media with added metabolites produced by Bd, there is an observed decrease in the production of the bacteria’s protective metabolite, prodigiosin. This experiment …

Identification And Preclinical Assessment Of Novel Therapeutic Modalities In Environmental Exposure-Induced Lung Disease, Aaron D. Schwab

Theses & Dissertations

Environmental lung diseases are preventable respiratory conditions either caused or made worse by inhaled environmental exposures. Contemporarily, environmental lung diseases are most associated with workplace exposures given specific occupational processes aerosolize inflammatory agents that can be inhaled at high concentrations. Although a considerable amount is known regarding immunoglobulin (Ig)E-mediated responses to environmental exposures, little is known about non-IgE mediated respiratory conditions resulting from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-enriched organic dust exposure(s). Chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pulmonary fibrosis have all been identified as environmental lung diseases caused or exacerbated by such environmental dusts. Therapeutic …

Navigating Lipid Nanoparticle Design: From Microfluidic Optimization For Rna Delivery In Pancreatic Cancer To Extended-Release Formulations For Hiv-1 Therapy., Farhana Islam

Theses & Dissertations

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as a powerful platform for the delivery of RNA and small-molecule therapeutics, enabling improved drug stability, biodistribution, and cellular uptake. This study explores the formulation and optimization of LNPs for two distinct therapeutic applications: (1) mRNA-based therapy for pancreatic cancer (PC) and (2) extended-action fostemsavir (FTR) delivery for HIV-1 treatment. For PC therapy, a library of 48 mRNA-LNP formulations was developed for intraperitoneal (IP) administration in an orthotopic pancreatic tumor mouse model. Using microfluidic assembly, LNPs were engineered with varying lipid compositions and characterized based on size, zeta potential, and cytotoxicity. Biodistribution and mRNA expression …

Intrinsic And Extrinsic Drivers Of Bioaerosol Decay: Investigating Pathogen Stability Of Bacteriophage Ms2, Sin Nombre Virus, And Sars-Cov-2 In Simulated Environments, Elizabeth A. Klug

Theses & Dissertations

The threat posed by a virus as a bioaerosol depends largely on its stability under various environmental conditions (relative humidity (RH), sunlight, ozone, etc.). This stability is typically studied through aerosol decay—how the virus' viability changes over time when exposed environmental conditions. The Goldberg rotating drum, a widely used tool for studying bioaerosols, has been the basis of such research (Goldberg et al., 1958). However, it has significant limitations, including an inability to measure initial pathogen infectivity loss and the use of small sample volumes. Additionally, it does not answer the question of what intrinsic factors (lipids, proteins, nucleic acids) …

Investigating The Effects Of Transcription Factor Binding And Genetic Variants In The Striatum Of Post-Mortem Cohorts With Opioid Use Disorder, Rajashree Chakraborty

Theses & Dissertations

The opioid crisis has emerged as one of the most pressing public health challenges of our time, with Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) affecting millions of lives across the globe. Studying OUD is not merely an academic pursuit but a critical necessity in addressing this multifaceted epidemic. The urgency of this research is underscored by the staggering prevalence of OUD, with an estimated 3.7% of U.S. adults requiring treatment in 2022 alone. Despite the availability of effective medications for OUD, a significant treatment gap persists, with only a quarter of those in need receiving these life-saving interventions. The far-reaching consequences of …

The Impact Of Antimicrobial Peptide Depletion And Fungal Infection On Thermal Preference In Green Frogs, Rana Clamitans, Kim M. Salvador

Honors Theses

Climate change and the disease chytridiomycosis, caused by the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), are the two main drivers of amphibian decline worldwide, but it is difficult to predict the outcomes of these interacting stressors. Amphibians are ectotherms meaning they are dependent on environmental temperature for the maintenance of physiological processes, and they rely on behavioral thermoregulation to maintain body temperatures within their thermal limits. As the climate becomes more variable, amphibians are also potentially more susceptible to diseases such as Bd, as their immune defenses, such as antimicrobial peptide (AMP) defenses of the skin, take longer to …

A Modified Sir Model Used To Investigate The Relationship Between Congenital And Adult Syphilis, Kaleesta R. Waysman

Honors Thesis

A complex SIR model integrating the relationship between adult and congenital syphilis was developed. The goal of the project was to determine the specific population(s) or control strategies that should be enforced, altered, or removed to decrease the number of children experiencing clinical sequelae due to congenital syphilis. Early clinical sequelae include hydrops fetalis, preterm birth, central nervous system infection, hepatosplenomegaly, hyperbilirubinemia, cholestasis, hemolytic anemia, snuffles, osteochondritis, and lesions or rashes in the palms and soles. Late clinical sequelae include interstitial keratitis, hearing loss, Hutchinson teeth, saber shins, Clutton joints, mulberry molars, and saddle nose. After implementing real-world data into …

Assisted Reproductive Technologies For Southern Cricket Frogs (Acris Gryllus), Audrey Grace Koltz

Honors Theses

Amphibians are facing the most drastic biodiversity declines of all vertebrates, with an estimated 41% of amphibians threatened with extinction. Captive breeding programs employ a variety of assisted reproductive technologies including environmental manipulation, hormonal therapies, artificial fertilization, and gamete preservation to augment vulnerable populations and optimize genetic diversity. Amphibians require a species-specific combination of environmental, social, and physiological cues to reproduce, which makes universal and successful captive breeding programs especially elusive. Here, I investigate assisted reproductive technologies for a small frog species, the southern cricket frog (Acris gryllus). Establishing successful methods for southern cricket frogs may yield promising results for …

Let-7 Restrains An Epigenetic Circuit In At2 Cells To Prevent Fibrogenic Intermediates In Pulmonary Fibrosis, Matthew J Seasock, Md Shafiquzzaman, Maria E Ruiz-Echartea, Rupa S Kanchi, Brandon T Tran, Lukas M Simon, Matthew D Meyer, Phillip A Erice, Shivani L Lotlikar, Stephanie C Wenlock, Scott A Ochsner, Anton Enright, Alex F Carisey, Freddy Romero, Ivan O Rosas, Katherine Y King, Neil J Mckenna, Cristian Coarfa, Antony Rodriguez

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

MicroRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation of lung alveolar type 2 (AT2) and AT1 cell differentiation remains understudied. Here, we demonstrate that the let-7 miRNA family plays a homeostatic role in AT2 quiescence by preventing the uncontrolled accumulation of AT2 transitional cells and promoting AT1 differentiation. Using mouse and organoid models, we show that genetic ablation of let-7a1/let-7f1/let-7d cluster (let-7afd) in AT2 cells prevents AT1 differentiation and leads to KRT8 transitional cell accumulation in progressive pulmonary fibrosis. Integration of AGO2-eCLIP with RNA-sequencing identified direct let-7 targets within an oncogene feed-forward regulatory network, including BACH1/EZH2/MYC, which drives an aberrant fibrotic cascade. Additional CUT&RUN-sequencing analyses …

Recombinant Interleukin-7 Treatment Of Refractory Refractory Mycobacterium Avium Complexlung Disease (Impulse-7): A Pilot Phase Ii, Single-Center, Randomized, Clinical Trial, Carlos Mejia-Chew, Andrej Spec, Andrew H Walton, Alina Ulezko Antonova, Alexandra Dram, Sanjeev Bhalla, Marco Colonna, Michel Morre, Richard Hotchkiss

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Nontuberculous mycobacteria disease is an emerging opportunistic infection that is often refractory to therapy. Interleukin 7 (IL-7) is a pleiotropic cytokine with broad-ranging effects that enhance immunity and augment monocyte/macrophage anti-

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated IL-7 in patients with refractory

DESIGN: Prospective, single-center, randomized, study of IL-7 in patients with refractory MAC-LD.

METHODS: Randomization (two sets of 4 weekly IL-7 injections) was stratified based on the presence of pulmonary cavities. The primary outcome was sputum culture conversion to negative within 6 months. Exploratory outcomes included investigation of potential molecular mechanisms of immunosuppression via single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq).

RESULTS: Of …

Trust-Related Health Beliefs In Medical Systems Among Black Americans Since Covid-19, Monique Johnson Dixon

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

COVID-19 highlighted the longstanding systemic and structural racism that produced poor health outcomes in Black communities. Black minorities in the United States were disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, with less access to health resources, low vaccine rates, and mistrust of healthcare providers and organizations. This interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) explored trust-related health beliefs with medical systems among Black Americans since COVID-19. The study explored the trust-related health beliefs through the six constructs of the health belief model—perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived barriers, perceived benefits, cues to action, and self-efficacy. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews of six participants who …

Alterations And Improvements Of The Photoacoustic Flow Cytometry Method, Nicholas J. Taylor

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The emergence and proliferation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria present a significant and growing challenge to global public health, with the potential to render many existing antibiotics ineffective. Infections caused by these resistant pathogens are difficult to treat, resulting in higher morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. A major obstacle in combating these infections is the slow pace of traditional diagnostic methods, such as blood cultures, which typically take 2-3 days to identify the causative bacteria and determine their antibiotic resistance profiles. This delay in diagnosis hinders timely interventions and appropriate treatment, further contributing to the spread of resistant infections. As such, there …

Militarism, Racism, And Environmental Destruction In Hawai’I: The Lasting Impact Of Colonialism, Belen González

Student Theses 2015-Present

This thesis explores the enduring consequences of U.S. militarism, colonialism, racism, and environmental destruction in Hawai‘i, demonstrating how historical injustices shape present-day struggles. Using the Marshall Islands as a comparative case study, this research connects the legacies of military occupation and ecological degradation to contemporary issues such as climate-driven disasters and systemic inequality. Chapter 1 examines the role of the U.S. military in Hawai‘i, detailing how occupation, weapons testing, and resource extraction have led to environmental devastation and public health crises. Chapter 2 traces the history of U.S. control, from illegal annexation to the restructuring of Hawai‘i’s economy and governance …

Human Monkeypox Virus; New Possible Viral Pandemic, Lamiaa Mohammed, Alyaa Jabbar Qasim, Ayat Majeed Zeadan

Al-Nisour Journal for Medical Sciences

The unexpected monkeypox outbreak and global increase have drawn attention due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. With 3340 confirmed cases worldwide as of June 22, 2022, this is the biggest and most pervasive monkeypox outbreak outside of Africa. In addition to vertical transmission from mother to child, MPXV can spread from person to person through direct contact with infectious skin or mucosal skin lesions, respiratory droplets, or indirect contact with contaminated objects or materials. Additionally, it is most likely sexually transmitted through vaginal fluid or semen, and community transmission is a possibility. MPXV, an envelope, linear, double-stranded DNA virus that …

A Retrospective Study Of Childhood Meningitis And Its Risk Factors In Diyala Province, Zainab Mohamed Mahmmod

Al-Nisour Journal for Medical Sciences

Background: Viral agents are the primary cause of meningitis, a worldwide public health concern that primarily affects newborns and children. It is self-limiting and goes away in 7-10 days. With 85% of cases, enterovirus is the most prevalent etiologic agent. Summer is the peak season, and warm weather facilitates its spread. Most cases of meningitis occur in people under 30.

Aim: This study intends to assess the risk factor of meningitis in different age groups in Diyala Hospital (the Governorate of Diyala - Iraq) and identify the relation of demographical characteristics with the risk factor.

Methods: A …