Digital Commons Network^™

Adjustment Of Refugees In Greece As A Social Identity Process: A Longitudinal Study, Angelos Panagiotopoulos, Irene Giovanetti, Vassilis Pavlopoulos

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Many refugees moving into Greece and other European countries often struggle to adjust to their new life. Over and above other factors, social isolation seems to be a major contributor in their poor adjustment outcomes, yet the underlying psychological mechanisms of their links are not well understood. Based on the Social Identity Model of Identity Change, we conceptualized refugees’ adjustment as a major life transition that depends on (i) the maintenance of existing pre-migratory group memberships (social identity continuity pathway), (ii) the development of new post-migratory social identities (social identity gain pathway), and (iii) the perceived compatibility between pre- and …

Clinical Impact Of Ceftriaxone Resistance In Escherichia Coli Bloodstream Infections: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study, Pranita D. Tamma, Lauren Komarow, Lizhao Ge, Julia Garcia-Diaz, Erica S. Herc, Yohei Doi, Cesar A. Arias, Owen Albin, Elie Saade, Loren G. Miller, Jesse T. Jacob, Michael J. Satlin, Martin Krsak, W. Charles Huskins, Sorabh Dhar, Samuel A. Shelburne, Carol Hill, Keri R. Baum, Minal Bhojani, Kerryl E. Greenwood-Quaintance, Suzannah M. Schmidt-Malan, Robin Patel, Scott R. Evans, Henry F. Chambers, Vance G. Fowler, David Van Duin

Infectious Diseases Articles

BACKGROUND: Ceftriaxone-resistant (CRO-R) Escherichia coli bloodstream infections (BSIs) are common.

METHODS: This is a prospective cohort of patients with E coli BSI at 14 United States hospitals between November 2020 and April 2021. For each patient with a CRO-R E coli BSI enrolled, the next consecutive patient with a ceftriaxone-susceptible (CRO-S) E coli BSI was included. Primary outcome was desirability of outcome ranking (DOOR) at day 30, with 50% probability of worse outcomes in the CRO-R group as the null hypothesis. Inverse probability weighting (IPW) was used to reduce confounding.

RESULTS: Notable differences between patients infected with CRO-R and CRO-S …

Herpes Simplex Virus Esophagitis As A Presentation Of Febrile Neutropenia: A Case Report, Sammy Droubi, Pinang Shastri, Nicholas Yared, Dalia Ibrahim, Hend Elsaghir

Infectious Diseases Articles

Herpes Simplex Virus esophagitis typically manifests as mucocutaneous lesions in immunocompromised patients, most frequently in organ and bone marrow transplant recipients. However, it has not been appropriately reported as a cause of febrile neutropenia despite being a relatively common opportunistic infection in this patient population. A 58-year-old man recently diagnosed with Ewing Sarcoma for which he was receiving chemotherapy presented with febrile neutropenia. Following a prolonged hospital course characterized by persistent fevers, an endoscopic evaluation was performed and diagnosis of Herpes Simplex Virus esophagitis was confirmed via histopathology. Prompt administration of acyclovir resulted in the complete resolution of the patient's …

Covid-19 Newsletter (Vol. 143), Center For Disaster Medicine, New York Medical College

COVID-19 Newsletter

No abstract provided.

A Mixed-Methods Study Examining The Impact Of Incentivized Medical Insurance Premiums On Wellness Program Participation And Results At A Four-Year, Private, Midwestern University, Candace L. Terry

Dissertations

The purpose of this mixed-methods study was to examine the impact that incentivized medical insurance premium rates have on wellness plan participation and aggregate wellness results at a Midwestern private, four-year university. Leveraging the Health Belief Model, the researcher sought to compare aggregate wellness results and wellness program participation before and after the medical insurance premium incentive program was implemented. The researcher utilized Likert-scale questions followed by open-ended questions to gain insight into participants’ perceptions of the wellness incentive program. The quantitative portion of this study applied Thorndike’s theory of connecting “A specific response is connected to a specific stimulus …

Neutralizing Covid-19 Convalescent Plasma In Adults Hospitalized With Covid-19: A Blinded, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial, Wesley H. Self, Allison P. Wheeler, Thomas G. Stewart, Harry Schrager, Jason Mallada, Christopher B. Thomas, Vince D. Cataldo, Hollis R. O'Neal, Nathan I. Shapiro, Conor Higgins, Adit A. Ginde, Lakshmi Chauhan, Nicholas J. Johnson, Daniel J. Henning, Stuti J. Jaiswal, Manoj J. Mammen, Estelle S. Harris, Sonal R. Pannu, Maryrose Laguio-Vila, Wissam El Atrouni, Marjolein De Wit, Daanish Hoda, Claudia S. Cohn, Carla Mcwilliams, Carl Shanholtz, Alan E. Jones, Simon Mucha, Tina S. Ipe, Xian Qiao, Stephen J. Schrantz, Aarthi Shenoy, Richard D Fremont, Eric J. Brady, Robert H. Carnahan, James D. Chappell, James E. Crowe, Mark R. Denison, Pavlo Gilchuk, Laura J. Stevens, Rachel E. Sutton, Isaac Thomsen, Sandra M. Yoder, Amanda J. Bistran-Hall, Jonathan D. Casey, Christopher J. Lindsell, Li Wang, Jill M. Pulley, Jillian P. Rhoads, Gordon R. Bernard, Todd W. Rice, Jay S. Raval

Pathology Research and Scholarship

BACKGROUND: Convalescent plasma has been one of the most common treatments for COVID-19, but most clinical trial data to date have not supported its efficacy.

RESEARCH QUESTION: Is rigorously selected COVID-19 convalescent plasma with neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies an efficacious treatment for adults hospitalized with COVID-19?

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a multicenter, blinded, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial among adults hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection and acute respiratory symptoms for < 14 days. Enrolled patients were randomly assigned to receive one unit of COVID-19 convalescent plasma (n = 487) or placebo (n = 473). The primary outcome was clinical status (disease severity) 14 days following study infusion measured with a seven-category ordinal scale ranging from discharged from the hospital with resumption of normal activities (lowest score) to death (highest score). The primary outcome was analyzed with a multivariable ordinal regression model, with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) < 1.0 indicating more favorable outcomes with convalescent plasma than with placebo. In secondary analyses, trial participants were stratified according to the presence of endogenous anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies ("serostatus") at randomization. The trial included 13 secondary efficacy outcomes, including 28-day mortality.

RESULTS: Among 974 randomized patients, 960 were included in the primary analysis. Clinical status on the ordinal outcome scale at 14 days did not differ between the convalescent plasma and placebo …

Bamlanivimab Use In A Military Treatment Facility, Eric Karr, Theodore Chung, Kathryn Burtson, Ronald J. Markert, Devin Kelly

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was first identified in 2019 in Wuhan, China, and has rapidly spread across the world. As of April 2021, SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 140,000,000 and caused more than 3,000,000 deaths globally. In November 2020, the monoclonal antibody bamlanivimab was approved by the FDA for non-hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) who possessed risk factors for progression to severe COVID-19. This provided a treatment option that may help prevent hospitalization. Methods Patients who regularly received ambulatory care at a military treatment facility and who were …

Impact Of An Education Intervention On Covid-19 Vaccine Hesitancy In A Military Base Population, Peter C. Li, Samuel R. Theis, Devin Kelly, Col Thad Ocampo, Andrew Berglund, Damien Morgan, Ronald J. Markert, Evan Fisher, Kathryn Burtson

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine hesitancy is a major impediment to achieving herd immunity and overcoming the current pandemic. Our aim was to decrease the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy through an education intervention. Method: An education intervention, consisting of a PowerPoint presentation addressing the two mRNA COVID-19 vaccine concerns/myths and a question and answer panel comprising health care providers from various specialties, was implemented to address vaccine hesitancy among personnel associated with Wright-Patterson Air Force Base through a series of virtual and in-person seminars. Participants completed a post-seminar survey as a retrospective self-assessment to identify attitudes and views surrounding …

Priming Of Government Policy: A Case Study Of Media Coverage Of The Demonetisation Of 1,000 Bills By The Nation And The Standard, Stanley Wabomba Nasokho

Master of Arts in Digital Journalism

This study analyses the coverage of demonetisation of Kenyan currency in 2019 from a media priming theoretical framework. Four specific objectives guided the study. These were to: determine frequency of newspaper coverage of demonetisation stories, establish placement of demonetisation stories, analyse themes addressed with respect to demonetisation stories, and establish editorial considerations that were made in deciding the stories on demonetisation published by the print media in Kenya. The population was 244 copies printed from 2nd June 2019 to 1st October 2019 out of which 92 copies were included in the analysis with three interviews from business journalists. This study …

How The Print Media In Kenya Framed State Of The Nation Addresses On Covid-19 Pandemic By President Uhuru Kenyatta, Victor Odhiambo Edwin

Master of Arts in Digital Journalism

This study sought to find out how the print media in Kenya framed State of the Nation addresses on COVID-19 by President Uhuru Kenyatta. The objectives of this study were; (a) to ascertain the main messages or themes that were dominant in President Uhuru Kenyatta’s State of The Nation (SOTN) addresses on COVID-19, (b) to determine the frames the print media used in the coverage of the State of the Nation addresses by President Uhuru Kenyatta in regards to the containment measures, (c) to determine the sources that the print media incorporated in their coverage of the State of the …

Incidence Trends Of Kaposi Sarcoma Among Young Non-Hispanic Black Men By Us Regions, 2001-2018, Ryan Suk, Donna L White, Sheena Knights, Ank Nijhawan, Ashish A Deshmukh, Elizabeth Y Chiao

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Despite the overall national decline in Kaposi sarcoma (KS) incidence in the United States among persons living with HIV, previous studies suggest there might be specific subgroups of the US population that are associated with higher KS incidence rates than others. Using the 2001-2018 National Program of Cancer Registries and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program database, we assessed KS incidence trends among young men aged 20-34 years by race and ethnicity and geographic region. Statistical significance is 2-sided. The KS incidence rate increased nationally by 1.5% per year in non-Hispanic Black men, whereas the rate decreased statistically significantly by …

Evolution Of Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus Virus 2 (Sars-Cov-2) Seroprevalence Among Employees Of A Us Academic Children’S Hospital During Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Pandemic, Brian T Fisher, Anna Sharova, Craig L K Boge, Sigrid Gouma, Audrey Kamrin, Jesse Blumenstock, Sydney Shuster, Lauren Gianchetti, Danielle Collins, Elikplim Akaho, Madison E Weirick, Christopher M Mcallister, Marcus J Bolton, Claudia P Arevalo, Eileen C Goodwin, Elizabeth M Anderson, Shannon R Christensen, Fran Balamuth, Audrey R Odom John, Yun Li, Susan Coffin, Jeffrey S Gerber, Scott E Hensley

Staff and Researcher Publications

Objective: To describe the cumulative seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic among employees of a large pediatric healthcare system.

Design, setting, and participants: Prospective observational cohort study open to adult employees at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, conducted April 20-December 17, 2020.

Methods: Employees were recruited starting with high-risk exposure groups, utilizing e-mails, flyers, and announcements at virtual town hall meetings. At baseline, 1 month, 2 months, and 6 months, participants reported occupational and community exposures and gave a blood sample for SARS-CoV-2 antibody measurement by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays …

Pharmacy Newsletter : November 2022, Pharmacy Department

Department of Pharmacy Archives

• Flood Borne Diseases - Current Situation & Its Impact
• Prevention & Management
• Prevent Uncontrolled, Rapid Infusion Rates: Confirm the Infusions are Connected to Pumps Before Opening the Clamp
• Colistin Induced Paresthesia
• Colistin Induced Paresthesia
• TOX TOK: General Treatment Approach To Unknown Poisoning - Coma Cocktail
• Dengue Fever
• Improving the patient safety and quality through Pharmacy Interventions at AKHW&C, Kharadar (Secondary Hospital)
• Food Allergy

Interactions 2022, Thomas J. Long School Of Pharmacy

Interactions

In each issue of Interactions, the School’s annual magazine you will find stories about students, faculty and alumni from each of our disciplines. Learn about the ways our students, faculty and alumni are impacting their communities through health care outreach. Read about their research and how they are contributing to advances in patient care. Meet our Alumni of the Year and get to know our faculty.

Louis Pasteur Signature Saying: Science Brings Men Closer To God Bicentenary Year: 200 Years After His Birth, Alan L. Gillen, Justin A. Ambrose

Faculty Publications and Presentations

This year (2022) marks the bicentenary birth (December 27, 1822) of Louis Pasteur. He has a global reputation. His contributions can be seen in our homes, in the "pasteurized" products derived from one of his discoveries and in disease prevention. It was in his discovery of gently heating beverages and food for what we today call pasteurization that he first said: “Man's first look at the universe discovers only variety, diversity, multiplicity of phenomena. Let this gaze be enlightened by science — by science which brings man closer to God — and simplicity and unity shine everywhere.” Louis Pasteur (Vallery-Radot, …

Disparities In Covid-19 Case Counts And Incidence In Florida By Race And Ethnicity At The County And State Level, Elizabeth Weaver

Florida Public Health Review

Background: In 2020, as COVID-19 spread across the United States, reports of disparities in COVID-19 incidence and mortality by race and ethnicity soon followed. This study assessed COVID-19 case counts and incidence by race and ethnicity at county and state levels focusing on Florida.

Methods: Counts of COVID-19 were collected from June through December 2020. Chi square analyses assessed disparities in case distribution and linear regressions assessed disparities in incidence and potential interaction between predictors.

Results: Race and ethnicity were significant predictors of COVID-19 incidence. Mean incidence was 4.9, 6.6, and 14.3 per 1,000 people among White, Black, and Other …

Blockchain And Federated Learning-Based Security Solutions For Telesurgery System: A Comprehensive Review, Sachi Chaudjary, Riya Kakkar, Rajesh Gupta, Sudeep Tanwar, Smita Agrawal, Ravi Sharma

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

The advent of telemedicine with its remote surgical procedures has effectively transformed the working of healthcare professionals. The evolution of telemedicine facilitates the remote monitoring of patients that lead to the advent of telesurgery systems, i.e. one of the most critical applications in telemedicine systems. Apart from gaining popularity, the telesurgery system may encounter security and trust issues of patients? data while communicating with the surgeon for their remote treatment. Motivated by this, we have presented a comprehensive survey on secure telesurgery systems comprising healthcare, surgical robots, traditional telesurgery systems, and the role of artificial intelligence to deal with the …

Mocmin: Convex Inferring Of Modular Low-Rank Contact Networks Over Covid Diffusion Data, Emre Sefer

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

SEIR (which consists of susceptible, exposed, infected, and recovered states) is a common diffusion model which could model different disease propagation dynamics across various domains such as influenza and COVID diffusion. As a motivation, across these domains, observing the node states is relatively easier than observing the network edges over which the diffusion is taking place, or it may not even be possible to observe the underlying network. This paper focuses on the problem of predicting modular low-rank human contact network edges only if a SEIR diffusion dynamics spreading among the human on their contact network can be observed. Such …

Roadmap To Zero-Carbon Electrification Of Africa By 2050: The Green Energy Transition And The Role Of The Natural Resource Sector (Minerals, Fossil Fuels, And Land), Jeffrey D. Sachs, Perrine Toledano, Martin Dietrich Brauch, Tehtena Mebratu-Tsegaye, Efosa Uwaifo, Bryan Michael Sherrill

Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment Staff Publications

All Africans — whether living in urban or rural areas — need access to affordable, clean, efficient, reliable, climate-proof, and renewable energy for both residential and productive uses to achieve sustainable development objectives. At the same time, the world is moving to decarbonization by 2050, and Africa will be part of this global trend. Prospective oil and gas projects in Africa will no longer be pursued as overseas markets, and financing will shrink. At the same time, Africa’s vast renewable energy potential, in the solar and hydropower sectors especially, will engage increasingly bankable and highly attractive investments. In net terms, …

Distinct Stimulus-Dependent Neutrophil Dynamics Revealed By Real-Time Imaging Of Intestinal Mucosa After Acute Injury, Veronica Azcutia, Matthias Kelm, Seonyoung Kim, Anny-Claude Luissint, Sven Flemming, Lisa Abernathy-Close, Vincent B Young, Asma Nusrat, Mark J Miller, Charles A Parkos

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Clinical symptoms in many inflammatory diseases of the intestine are directly related to neutrophil (PMN) migration across colonic mucosa and into the intestinal lumen, yet in-vivo studies detailing this process are lacking. Using real-time intravital microscopy and a new distal colon loop model, we report distinct PMN migratory dynamics in response to several models of acute colonic injury. PMNs exhibited rapid swarming responses after mechanically induced intestinal wounds. Similar numbers of PMNs infiltrated colonic mucosa after wounding in germ-free mice, suggesting microbiota-independent mechanisms. By contrast, acute mucosal injury secondary to either a treatment of mice with dextran sodium sulfate or …

Age-Dependent Rebound In Asthma Exacerbations After Covid-19 Lockdown, Guy Hazan, Carolyn Fox, Huram Mok, Jeffrey Haspel

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Virus mitigation measures enacted early in the coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic suppressed common respiratory viruses and reduced the number of obstructive lung disease exacerbations. However, many localities began to ease these precautions in the year 2021, leading to a resurgence of non-COVID viruses. How asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) activity responded to this upswing in viral abundance is unclear.

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to examine how viral resurgence during the relaxation of COVID-19 restrictions affected asthma and COPD exacerbations.

METHODS: We analyzed electronic medical records for emergency department (ED) respiratory virus positivity, asthma visits, and …

Infectious Complications Of Abortion, L. Lewis Wall, Awol Yemane

2020-Current year OA Pubs

This article reviews the infectious complications of abortion (both spontaneous and induced) and the management of this condition. The key points are: (1) Making abortion illegal does not reduce its incidence or prevalence; rather, it only makes abortions unsafe, increasing the likelihood of infectious complications. (2) Timely recognition of developing sepsis in the pregnant patient is critical. This requires constant vigilance and a high index of suspicion. (3) Rapid intravenous administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics targeted to the likely intrauterine source of infection as soon as sepsis is diagnosed is critical to prevent severe sepsis, septic shock, and multisystem organ failure. …

Ascertainment Of Vaccination Status By Self-Report Versus Source Documentation: Impact On Measuring Covid-19 Vaccine Effectiveness, Meagan Stephenson, Jennie H Kwon, Et Al

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, self-reported COVID-19 vaccination might facilitate rapid evaluations of vaccine effectiveness (VE) when source documentation (e.g., immunization information systems [IIS]) is not readily available. We evaluated the concordance of COVID-19 vaccination status ascertained by self-report versus source documentation and its impact on VE estimates.

METHODS: Hospitalized adults (≥18 years) admitted to 18 U.S. medical centers March-June 2021 were enrolled, including COVID-19 cases and SARS-CoV-2 negative controls. Patients were interviewed about COVID-19 vaccination. Abstractors simultaneously searched IIS, medical records, and other sources for vaccination information. To compare vaccination status by self-report and documentation, we estimated percent agreement …

Implementation Of Telemedicine Infectious Diseases Consultation In A Rural Hospital Using The Active Implementation Framework, Jason P Burnham, Stephanie A Fritz, Graham A Colditz

2020-Current year OA Pubs

In this pilot study, guided by the Active Implementation Framework, telemedicine infectious diseases consultation was provided to hospitalized inpatients at a rural Missouri hospital. Measured outcomes included the implementation outcomes of feasibility, acceptability, appropriateness, and fidelity, as well as clinical outcomes of readmissions and death.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Knowledge, Attitudes, And Self-Efficacy Among Family Planning Providers In The Southern United States: Bridging The Gap In Provider Training, Aditi Ramakrishnan, Jessica M Sales, Micah Mccumber, Leah Powell, Anandi N Sheth

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention intervention, but its access and use are suboptimal, especially for women. Healthcare providers provision of PrEP is a key component of the

METHODS: We used data from providers in clinics that did not currently provide PrEP from a web-based survey administered to Title X clinic staff in 18 Southern states from February to June 2018. We developed generalized linear mixed models to evaluate associations between provider-, clinic-, and county-level variables with provider knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy in PrEP care, guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.

RESULTS: …

Better Operating Room Ventilation As Determined By A Novel Ventilation Index Is Associated With Lower Rates Of Surgical Site Infections, Bernard Surial, Andrew Atkinson, Rüdiger Külpmann, Arnold Brunner, Kurt Hildebrand, Benoît Sicre, Nicolas Troillet, Andreas Widmer, Eveline Rolli, Judith Maag, Jonas Marschall

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to assess the impact of operating room (OR) ventilation quality on surgical site infections (SSIs) using a novel ventilation index.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies compared laminar air flow with conventional ventilation, thereby ignoring many parameters that influence air flow properties.

METHODS: In this cohort study, we surveyed hospitals participating in the Swiss SSI surveillance and calculated a ventilation index for their ORs, with higher values reflecting less turbulent air displacement. For procedures captured between January 2017 and December 2019, we studied the association between ventilation index and SSI rates using linear regression (hospital-level analysis) and with the …

Investigating Health Disparities Associated With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome In Children After Sars-Cov-2 Infection., Laura D. Zambrano, Kathleen N. Ly, Ruth Link-Gelles, Margaret M. Newhams, Manzilat Akande, Michael J. Wu, Leora R. Feldstein, Keiko M. Tarquinio, Leila C. Sahni, Becky J. Riggs, Aalok R. Singh, Julie C. Fitzgerald, Jennifer E. Schuster, John S. Giuliano, Janet A. Englund, Janet R. Hume, Mark W. Hall, Christina M. Osborne, Sule Doymaz, Courtney M. Rowan, Christopher J. Babbitt, Katharine N. Clouser, Steven M. Horwitz, Janet Chou, Manish M. Patel, Charlotte Hobbs, Adrienne G. Randolph, Angela P. Campbell, Overcoming Covid-19 Investigators

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a postinfectious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-related complication that has disproportionately affected racial/ethnic minority children. We conducted a pilot study to investigate risk factors for MIS-C aiming to understand MIS-C disparities.

METHODS: This case-control study included MIS-C cases and SARS-CoV-2-positive outpatient controls less than 18 years old frequency-matched 4:1 to cases by age group and site. Patients hospitalized with MIS-C were admitted between March 16 and October 2, 2020, across 17 pediatric hospitals. We evaluated race, ethnicity, social vulnerability index (SVI), insurance status, weight-for-age and underlying medical conditions as risk …

Current Practices In Delaying Testing For Ige-Mediated Food Allergy After Anaphylaxis, Jordan Pitt, Cody Shopper, Paul Dowling, Christopher Miller, Ashley K. Sherman, Salman Aljubran

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Background

Objective

Methods

Identification Of Gut Microbiome Composition Responsible For Gas Production, Erasme Mutuyemungu

Department of Food Science and Technology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Gas production remains a significant barrier to increasing intake of dietary fiber-containing foods for many consumers. Therefore, this thesis is comprised of two studies focusing on the role of the gut microbiome in contributing to gas production during fermentation of dietary components. Previous studies have reported significant correlations between Megasphaera elsdenii and gas production during fermentation of pulses. Therefore, the objective of the first study was to determine the role of M. elsdenii in gas production by the microbiome during fermentation of foods commonly associated with gas production. Human fecal microbiomes were separated based on the presence (Me+) or absence …

Integrated Xenosurveillance Of Loa Loa, Wuchereria Bancrofti, Mansonella Perstans And Plasmodium Falciparum Using Mosquito Carcasses And Faeces: A Pilot Study In Cameroon, Joseph Pryce, Nils Pilotte, Benjamin Menze, Allison R. Sirois, Michael Zulch, Jean Pierre Agbor, Steven A. Williams, Charles S. Wondji, Lisa Reimer

Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Background Community presence of loiasis must be determined before mass drug administration programmes for lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis can be implemented. However, taking human blood samples for loiasis surveillance is invasive and operationally challenging. A xenosurveillance approach based on the molecular screening of mosquitoes and their excreta/feces (E/F) for Loa loa DNA may provide a non-invasive method for detecting the community presence of loiasis. Methods We collected 770 wild mosquitoes during a pilot study in a known loiasis transmission area in Mbalmayo, Cameroon. Of these, 376 were preserved immediately while 394 were kept in pools to collect 36-hour E/F samples …