Digital Commons Network^™

Context-Switch Attacks: Understanding And Mitigating The Threat To Llm Applications, Sydney Holder, Bivin Sadler

SMU Data Science Review

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming conversational AI, yet their dependence on prompt-supplied context exposes them to context-switch attacks that covertly steer dialogue toward sensitive or malicious ends. A 70 one-sided conversation transcript evaluation set was constructed spanning various fraudulent scenarios. Each transcript embeds adversarial patterns drawn while preserving natural conversational flow. We introduce a hybrid defense that pairs a BERT-based semantic-drift detector (cosine-similarity threshold = 0.70) with a curated keyword and hack-phrase scanner to counter these threats. In aggregate, the system delivered 100 % recall, intercepting every simulated phishing or data-harvesting attempt. The keyword layer achieved perfect precision, generating …

Leveraging Genai For Biometric Voice Print Authentication, Erica Brooks, Lijo Jacob, Lani Lewis, Gaurav Mittal, Shivam Negi, Faizan Javed

SMU Data Science Review

This paper presents the development of a secure voice authentication system that delivers an inclusive solution for all users, including those with disabilities. Leveraging a Text-Dependent Active Verification process, the system combines a spoken passphrase with voice biometric coefficients and audio vector embeddings for reliable user verification. A vector database is used to efficiently store data and perform similarity retrieval. Initially, the system achieves a 71% spoof detection accuracy, ensuring that only genuine samples proceed to the embedding stage, where it attains a 55.21% accuracy in vector embedding and similarity retrieval. Furthermore, this approach paves the way for user-specific voice-controlled …

The Prevalence And Impact Of Discourse In Social Media Networks: The 2024 Presidential Election, Kyle Kuberski, Xavier R. Mojica, Gwonchan J. Yoon, Brad Klein, Bivin P. Sadler

SMU Data Science Review

Abstract. Social Media platforms serve as central hubs for global discourse, where political dialogue is widely shared and echoed. This exchange shapes civic participation and influences electoral outcomes, often with both intended and unintended consequences. In its inception, social media platforms served as message boards for the masses, yet manipulation and exploiting of systems via bot usage has made platforms susceptible to outside forces. Thus, false narratives and an artificial sense of consensus are endemically augmented. As for the 2016 and 2020 U.S. presidential elections, it is important to investigate the prevalence of evolved bot activity in both political and …

Detection Of Quorum-Sensing Molecules In The Mutualistic Bacteria Vibrio Fischeri Exposed To Simulated Microgravity Using Cell-Based Biosensors., Paulina Slick, Maria C. Tobarra, Alba A. Chavez, Hugo Castillo

Beyond: Undergraduate Research Journal

Bacteria flourish in multiple environments when communicating with each other in a process known as Quorum Sensing. This process is accomplished by the production of small signaling molecules referred to as Autoinducers (AI). This communication allows the bacteria to alter their gene expression in an effort to regulate their cell number, behavior, community formation and virulence. The space environment provides stressful conditions for bacteria as they are exposed to radiation and Microgravity (µG or MG) altering synthesis and concentration of Autoinducers. The purpose of this research was to expose the model system Vibrio fischeri to simulated microgravity using the recently …

Establishing A Novel Neurofunctional Pre-Season Baseline For Sports-Related Concussion In Men And Women Collegiate Athletics, Jonathan C. Vincent, Jon G. Divine Md Ms, Aaron Kuehn-Himmler At Ms, Robert E. Mangine Pt Med Atc, Jim K. Ellis Od, Frederick R. Carrick Dc, Phd, Ms-Hped, Kimberly A. Hasselfeld, Blake M. Bacevich, Daniel Fosselman Do Mba, Joseph F. Clark Phd, Atc

Journal for Sports Neuroscience

Objective: To develop and validate a multi-domain neurofunctional baseline incorporating ocular, vestibular, proprioceptive, and cognitive assessments for collegiate athletes, thereby providing a more comprehensive approach to detecting and managing sports-related concussions.

Design: Retrospective chart review of pre-season baseline data.

Setting: Collegiate athletic training facility.

Participants: A total of 194 Division I collegiate athletes aged 18–24 years, stratified by sport, sex, and self-reported concussion history.

Interventions: A comprehensive battery of clinical and instrument-based neurological assessments, including Dynavision D2 tests (visual-motor coordination and reaction time), stereopsis, convergence, proprioception, peripheral vision, and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurements.

Main Outcome Measures: Normative …

Evolution Of Match Technical-Tactical Performance Indicators According To Age Category In Men's National Football Teams (World Cups 2003-2019), Sergio A. Caicedo-Parada, Enrique Ortega, Jose M. Palao

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 18(3): 575-590, 2025. Performance in football depends on different dynamic interactions between players that occur at technical, tactical, physical, psychological, or sociological levels. The objective of this study was to analyze the evolution of match technical-tactical performance indicators according to age category in men's national football teams (U-17, U-20 and senior). A non-experimental retrospective observational design was used. Variables studied were ball possession, goal chances, shots off target, shots on target, corner kicks, effectiveness; goals, offsides, fouls committed, yellow cards, red cards, and second yellow cards. Data were drawn from 917 matches (195 senior, 369 …

Agenda (Pdf), Dept. Of Otolaryngology

Dept. of Otolaryngology: Resident Research and Alumni Day (RRAD)

No abstract provided.

Review Of “Pathway To The Stars: 100 Years Of The Royal Canadian Air Force” By Michael Hood And Tom Jenkins, Randall Wakelam

Canadian Military History

Review of Pathway to The Stars: 100 Years of the Royal Canadian Air Force by Michael Hood and Tom Jenkins

Review Of "The Hidden Victims: Civilian Casualties Of Two World Wars" By Cormac Ó Gráda, Jean-Michel Turcotte

Canadian Military History

Review of The Hidden Victims: Civilian Casualties of Two World Wars by Cormac Ó Gráda

Review Of "Silent Partners: The Origins And Influence Of Canada’S Military Industrial Complex" Edited By Alex Souchen And Matthew S. Wiseman, Peter Kasurak

Canadian Military History

Review of Silent Partners: The Origins and Influence of Canada’s Military Industrial Complex edited by Alex Souchen and Matthew S. Wiseman

Through The Eyes Of A Guard: Watson Kirkconnell And Great War Internment In Canada, Daniel R. Meister

Canadian Military History

Histories of internment in Canada have paid much attention to internees’ experiences but far less to those of the guards. Correcting this trend, this article offers a detailed case study of one soldier, Watson Kirkconnell, who worked at the Fort Henry and Kapuskasing internment camps. Drawing on his valuable but heretofore unutilised archive of material, this article provides a vivid social history of the camps through Kirkconnell’s eyes. Nuancing the historiography of wartime internment, this article demonstrates how commandants determined the experiences of both internees and guards alike and, at the same time, that staff could sometimes mitigate their superior’s …

“Your Lads […] Looked Much Like The Reappearance Of Jesus Christ To Us”: Canada, The Iccs And The Release Of Us Prisoners Of War In Vietnam, Jean-Michel Turcotte

Canadian Military History

Abstract : Between January and July 1973, 240 Canadian military personnel took part in the International Commission for Control and Supervision (ICCS), responsible for monitoring the Paris Peace Agreements ending the American war in Vietnam. Canadian military observers notably supervised the release of 595 Americans prisoners of war (POWs) as well as over 32,000 Vietnamese captives. This article suggests that the ICCS, often viewed in the historiography as ineffective because of the numerous violations of the agreements, was much more successful in terms of monitoring US POW releases. In addition, it argues that helping the ally was a priority for …

Resveratrol And Il-6 Modulation Of Cxcl1 Expression And Viability In Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines, Entkhab M. A. Alanisi, Aida H. Alobaidi, Khalid Alyodawi

AUIQ Complementary Biological System

This study aims to investigate, through in vitro methods, the molecular, immunofluorescent, and immunohistochemical effects of resveratrol and IL-6 on CXCL1 gene/protein expression in human breast cancer cells (MCF-7). MCF-7 and MCF-10A cell lines were cultured and divided into four groups: control, IL-6-treated, resveratrol-treated, and a combination-treated group. CXCL1 gene expression was assessed by real-time PCR (RT-PCR), while CXCL1 protein levels were analyzed using immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. Cell viability was quantified by MTS assay using ELISA. CXCL1 gene/protein was overexpressed in MCF-7 cells, especially in the IL-6-treated group, but reduced in both resveratrol and combination-treated groups. MTS assay showed increased …

Clinician Experiences And Comfort With Providing Harm Reduction Resources To People Who Use Drugs, Amanda Cahn, Melissa Calica, Erin Mooz, Malia Haddock, Wendy Craig, Tania Strout, Kinna Thakarar

Journal of Maine Medical Center

Introduction: Although there is extensive evidence supporting harm reduction strategies for managing substance use disorders, wide implementation in clinical settings has been limited. In this study, we examined clinicians’ harm reduction experiences and comfort with providing harm reduction resources.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we distributed surveys electronically to clinicians employed in our institution’s outpatient and inpatient settings. We measured comfort using a 10-point scale and practices by asking participants if they had prescribed or provided specific harm reduction resources. We measured perceived importance of various factors in providing harm reduction resources using a 5-point Likert scale.

Results …

Genetic Characterization Of Lpai-H4n2 And H4n8 Viruses Recovered From Free-Grazing Ducks In Thailand, Supanat Boonyapisitsopa, Supassama Chaiyawong, Kamonpan Charoenkul, Kitikhun Udom, Ekkapat Chamsai, Napawan Bunpapong, Somsak Pakpinyo, Alongkorn Amonsin Prof. Dr.

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

nfluenza A viruses (IAVs) can infect birds and various mammals. In this study, we retrospectively isolated and characterized IAVs (n=8) from oropharyngeal and cloacal swab samples of free-grazing ducks collected during December 2018 to December 2021, by using egg inoculation and whole-genome sequencing. The IAVs could be subtyped as IAV-H4N2 (n = 3) and IAV-H4N8 (n = 5) using real-time RT-PCR assays. Genetic and phylogenetic analyses revealed that all eight genes of Thai IAV-H4 belong to the Avian Eurasian lineage. Both Thai IAV-H4N2 and IAV-H4N8 exhibited low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) characteristics and were susceptible to oseltamivir and amantadine. This …

Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance Characteristics And Virulence Genes Of Streptococcus Suis In Pigs In Upper Northern Thailand, Wanida Mala, Rangsiya Prathan, Si Thu Hein, Sunpetch Angkittitrakul, Asinamai Athliamai Bitrus, Rungtip Chuanchuen

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus suis from pigs in Upper-Northern Thailand. A total of 768 nasal swabs were obtained from pigs at the municipal slaughterhouses in five provinces including Phayao (n=202), Nan (n=190), Chiang Rai (180), Chiang Mai (n=130), and Mae Hong Son (n=66) in 2018-2019. The prevalence of S. suis varied from 3.0%-9.4%, of which the highest prevalence was in Chiang Rai (9.4%) and Mae Hong Son (9.1%). Of all 59 isolates confirmed to be S. suis, serotype 8 (50.8%) was most commonly identified, followed by serotype 10 (3.4%), …

The Enigmatic Samuel Aughey: Nebraska’S Pastor Naturalist, Hugh H. Genoways, Margaret R. Bolick, Mary Anne Andrei

Zea E-Books Collection

Samuel Aughey at age 39 became the first Professor of Natural Science at the new University of Nebraska in Lincoln, serving from 1871 to 1883. He was an ordained pastor of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, with an addendum degree from Pennsylvania College (now Gettysburg College) in 1856 and an A.M. degree two years later. His early pastoral work was in Pennsylvania, but in 1864 he became a home missionary to a church in Dakota City, Nebraska. Aughey’s career at the university was marked with successes and honors, but also criticism and questions about his basic knowledge of the sciences. While …

Why Real Impact Stories Of Forest-Dependent Communities Are Essential In Carbon Marketing, Andrew Mwape

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

As the global carbon market matures, the pressure on companies and project developers to prove the integrity and social value of their carbon offset initiatives has never been greater. At the heart of this growing scrutiny lies a key opportunity: to move beyond metrics and tell authentic, human-centered stories that reflect the real impact of carbon projects; especially those rooted in forest landscapes.

A Beacon Of Hope In Public Health, June 20, 2025, Tisa Mason Ed.D.

Heart of a Tiger Columns

No abstract provided.

Turkish Translation, Validity, And Reliability Of The European Organization For Research And Treatment Of Cancer Quality Of Life-High Dose Chemotherapy29 In Patients Undergone Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Vesi̇le Yildiz Kabak, Sevi̇lay Karahan, Eli̇fcan Aladağ Karakulak, Tüli̇n Düger, Songül Atasavun Uysal, Fulya İpek-Erdem, Hakan Göker

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Our aim was to investigate psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the European organization for research and treatment of cancer quality of life-high dose chemotherapy29 (EORTC QLQ-HDC29) in patients treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

Materials and methods: Patients between the ages of 18 and 65 years and undergone HSCT were included. The European organization for research and treatment of cancer quality of life questionnaire–cancer30 the Eastern cooperative oncology group performance score, and the functional assessment of cancer therapy–bone marrow transplant were used to determine convergent validity. Reliability was assessed through the calculation of Cronbach’s alpha and …

Janus Kinase Inhibitors In Localized Scleroderma: A Systematic Literature Review, Seher Şener, Yusuf Zi̇ya Şener, Ezgi̇ Deni̇z Batu, Alper Sari, Ali̇ Akdoğan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Reports on the use of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors in the treatment of localized scleroderma are increasing in the literature. In this review, we examined the published studies regarding the use of JAK inhibitors in patients with localized scleroderma.

Materials and methods: We searched MEDLINE and Scopus for articles on patients with localized scleroderma treated with JAK inhibitors. The search included articles from the inception of these databases through August 1st, 2024.

Results: Our literature search showed 11 articles describing 17 patients with localized scleroderma treated with JAK inhibitors. Generalized morphea (47.1%) was the most common type of localized …

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

No abstract provided.

One-Year Clinical Follow-Up Of Granulomatous Lymphadenitis Diagnosed Viaebus-Tbna In A Tuberculosis-Endemic Region, Hasret Gi̇zem Kurt, Ayperi̇ Öztürk, Melahat Uzel Şener, Fi̇gen Öztürk Ergür, Zeynep Ti̇lbe Saymaz Guvanjov, Aydin Yilmaz

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Granulomatous lymphadenitis is not a specific clinical diagnosis. In regions where tuberculosis (TB) is endemic, differentiating between various diseases presenting with granulomatous lymphadenitis poses a significant clinical challenge. This study aims to evaluate the etiological distribution of underlying conditions and to assess diagnosis changes observed during at least one year of follow-up in patients diagnosed with granulomatous lymphadenitis through endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA).

Materials and methods: A total of 4711 patients were included in the study, and 9353 lymph node samples were collected. Granulomatous lymphadenitis was identified in 791 patients, from whom 1505 lymph node samples were …

Effectiveness Of Distal Versus Proximal Greater Occipital Nerve Pulsed Radiofrequencyin Migraine Management: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial, Gülçi̇n Babaoğlu, Şükri̇ye Dadali, Ülkü Sabuncu, Erkan Yavuz Akçaboy, Şeref Çeli̇k, Mustafa Yemli̇ha Ayhan, Yağmur Can Dadakçi, Mustafa Cem Yilmaz, Şazi̇ye Şahi̇n

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of distal versus proximal greater occipital nerve (GON) pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) treatments in patients with episodic or chronic migraine.

Materials and methods: In this prospective, randomized controlled study, sixty participants were randomized to either distal GON PRF (n= 30) or proximal GON PRF (n = 30). Migraine related assessments were conducted at the baseline and at the first, second, and third month.

Results: Baseline characteristics indicated a higher migraine burden in the proximal group, including increased monthly headache frequency (15.0 vs. 9.5 attacks, p = 0.007). Both groups experienced significant reductions in headache …

Short-Term Efficacy And Safety Of Nondamaging Retinal Laser Therapy For Retinitis Pigmentosa-Associated Cystoid Macular Edema, Seda Çevi̇k Kaya, Mehmet Çitirik, Mevlüt Yilmaz, Eyüpcan Şensoy

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: To evaluate the short-term efficacy and safety of nondamaging retinal laser therapy (NRT) for retinitis pigmentosa-associated cystoid macular edema (RP-CME) and analyze anatomical and functional outcomes.

Materials and methods: A retrospective case series of 40 eyes from 30 patients with RP-CME was conducted. The patients underwent NRT using a PASCAL laser system with endpoint management (EpM) software. Central macular thickness (CMT) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were assessed at baseline and 2 months posttreatment. Long-term follow-up data, including recurrence rates were also reviewed.

Results: At the 2-month follow-up, NRT significantly reduced mean CMT by 79.7 μm (p < 0.001) and improved BCVA by 0.10 LogMAR (p < 0.001). Complete resolution of CME was observed in 30% of the eyes, while 52.5% experienced recurrence within 6 months. Unilateral cases exhibited greater CMT reductions than bilateral cases (p < 0.05). No retinal damage from the laser was observed. The long-term sustainability of these effects remains unclear, and repeated treatments have not yet been assessed.

Conclusion: NRT …

Il-40 Levels In Treatment-Naïve And Methotrexate-Treated Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients, Hamdi̇ Oğuzman, Mete Pekdi̇ker

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that is characterized by persistent inflammation and progressive damage to the joints. In this study, it was aimed to explore the role of interleukin (IL)-40, a newly discovered cytokine, in the pathogenesis of RA. We also aimed to investigate the relationship between IL-40 and other cytokines such as IL-4, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α.

Materials and methods: This single-center, cross-sectional study included 87 participants divided into three groups: healthy controls (n = 29), newly diagnosed RA patients (n = 29), and RA patients with remission under methotrexate (MTX) …

Do The Amplitude Ratios Of Sensory Nerve Action Potentials In The Lower Extremities Have Any Diagnostic Utility In Distal Diabetic Polyneuropathy?, Işil Yazici Gençdal, Nermi̇n Görkem Şi̇ri̇n, İrem İlgezdi̇, Ümmü Mutlu, Eli̇f Kocasoy Orhan, Mehmet Bariş Baslo, Nevi̇n Di̇nççağ, Ali̇ Emre Öge

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: To investigate the diagnostic sensitivity of sural sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) to medial femoral cutaneous nerve and dorsal sural to sural SNAP amplitude ratios in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy.

Materials and methods: Sural/radial (SRAR), sural/medial femoral cutaneous (SMFAR), and dorsal sural/sural (DSSAR) SNAP amplitude ratios were calculated in 22 controls and 46 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Combined sensory scores (superficial peroneal, sural, dorsal sural, and medial plantar SNAPs), and amplitude ratio scores (SRAR, DSSAR, and SMFAR) were assessed. The parameters were compared statistically between the patient and control groups.

Results: All SNAP amplitudes were significantly lower …

Effectiveness Of Ultrasonography-Guided Periforaminal Oxygen-Ozone Therapy In Chronic Low Back Pain, Esra Ülgen Kiratlioğlu, Kutay Tezel, Eda Gürçay

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Treatment of chronic low back pain (LBP) includes various minimally invasive image-guided interventional techniques. The aim of this study, which was planned based on the idea that periforaminal oxygen-ozone (O2-O3) gas application with ultrasonography (USG) could be an alternative treatment option, was to compare the therapeutic efficacy of USG-guided periforaminal ozone infiltration (PFOI) or transforaminal epidural steroid injection (TFESI) in patients with chronic radicular LBP on pain, disability, and quality of life (QoL).

Materials and methods: A total of 50 patients were randomly divided into 2 groups of 25 patients each underwent PFOI by USG or TFESI via fluoroscopy. …

Prognostic Factors For Long-Term Outcomes Of Unilateral Atrophic Kidneys In Adult Patients: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study, Zülal İstemi̇han, Ahmet Burak Di̇ri̇m, Ali̇ Riza Uçar, Ceren Bağriaçik, Gamze Kemeç, Şafak Mi̇ri̇oğlu, Seda Şafak, Vafa Suleymanova, Özgür Akin Oto, Ayşe Serra Artan, Alaatti̇n Yildiz, Aydin Türkmen, Hali̇l Yazici

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Unilateral atrophic kidney (UAK) could be related to many etiologies that can cause chronic kidney disease in adults. There is limited data on the long-term outcome of adults with UAK in the literature.

Materials and methods: This study included 199 adult patients with UAK. The etiology, baseline clinical/laboratory, and radiological findings were evaluated. Composite primary outcomes (CPO) (chronic kidney disease stage 5 or doubling of serum creatinine) and secondary outcomes (new-onset proteinuria (>0.5 g/day or g/g) or >50% increase in proteinuria level according to baseline, mortality, and nephrectomy requirement during follow-up) were evaluated in 166 patients with at …

Investigation Of The Relationship Between Triglyceride Glucose Index And Metabolic And Hematological Parameters In Obese Individuals, Özge Baş Aksu, Feri̇de Özkara, Rifat Emral, Volkan Genç, Demet Çorapçioğlu, Mustafa Şahi̇n

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: This research examined the association between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and metabolic, hepatic, and hematologic variables in a population of severely obese subjects, with a focus on the assessment of glycemic control.

Materials and methods: This retrospective study included 315 adult patients with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 35 kg/m² who were evaluated for bariatric surgery. Participants were grouped according to HbA1c levels: those with HbA1c ≥ 6.5% and those with HbA1c < 6.5%. TyG, atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), fibrosis-4 (FIB-4), aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), and hematological inflammation markers were assessed and compared between groups. To investigate associations, correlation and regression analyses were conducted.

Results: Individuals with HbA1c ≥ 6.5% had significantly higher TyG, AIP, APRI, and FIB-4 values than those with lower HbA1c. The TyG index showed a strong …