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A Brief Overview Of Various Vaccines Against Ncovid19, Including Safety, Efficacy, Reported Cases, Clinical Trials, And Progress, Sumel Ashique, Shubneesh Kumar, Himanshu Kumar, Jayita Roy, Soumen Pal, Swagata Pal

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Even if many countries are against it since vaccinations are not readily available, industrialized countries continue to make some vaccines designated under the World Health Organization's emergency use listing mandatory for entry into their countries. The first half of 2021 has seen the introduction of SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations in several countries, after the exceptional speed of vaccine development and testing in 2020. Using keywords in online databases such as Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Embase, this systematic search was carried out. The findings were collected into a report. We were unable to do an adequate human study because we …

Human Monkeypox Pandemic In 2022, Rathinasamy Muthusami, Kandhasamy Saritha

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

No abstract provided.

Influence Of Social Media In Research Boon Or Bane, Punnya V. Angadi, Harpreet Kour

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

No abstract provided.

Need For Microlevel Reforms To Promote Research Studies By Medical College Faculties And Students, Gajanan D. Velhal

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

No abstract provided.

Urgent Measures Needed To Assess The Mental Health Situation Of Medical Professionals, H. Shafeeq Ahmed

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

No abstract provided.

Complexities Of Immune- Regulation In Covid- 19, Harish Gupta

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

No abstract provided.

Moving Forward Toward The Goal Of Meningitis-Free World By 2030 Potential Strategies, Saurabh Rambiharilal Shrivastava, Prateek Saurabh Shrivastava

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Meningitis is a life-threatening and incapacitating condition that has been associated with significant amounts of fear, predominantly because of the high case fatality rate. Meningitis is one of the vaccine-preventable diseases, nevertheless, we significantly lack in our efforts directed toward the containment of the infection when compared with other diseases for which vaccines are available. Acknowledging the magnitude of the disease, the ability of the infection to result in a fatal outcome, and the availability of potent and effective vaccines, the World Health Organization (WHO) has formulated a road map to contain meningitis infection. To conclude, meningitis is a global …

The Burden Of Neurological Disorders In India And Globally, Jamir Pitton Rissardo, Ana Letícia Fornari Caprara

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

No abstract provided.

Multidisciplinary Approach In The Management Of Large Infected Periapical Cystic Lesion In The Mandibular Anterior Region With Platelet-Rich Fibrin, Kiranmayi Thote, P. V. Reddy, P. Aproova Venkata Teji, Shivayogi M. Hugar

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Periapical cysts are considered as the most prevalent odontogenic cystic lesions of the jaws. These cystic lesions are usually asymptomatic; however, once infected, they result in tumefaction of the affected region. Current noninvasive diagnostic methods such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and cone-beam computed tomography help in accurate assessment of size and nature of these lesions, which determine proper treatment planning and prognosis of the affected tooth. Management of these cystic lesions depends upon their extent. Periapical localized cysts can be managed by nonsurgical root canal therapy, whereas large periapical cysts require multidisciplinary approach involving an endodontist and an …

A Battery Where It Should Not Be, Anil S. Harugop, Mansi A.R. Venkatramanan, Lakshmi Goswami, S. Puneeth Nayak

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

The shiny and attractive nature of objects such as button batteries or coins draws children toward them. It is vital to correctly identify such foreign bodies and promptly remove them without causing any fragmentation or damage as that may cause the electrolyte within the battery to leak and further corrode the mucosa. Here, we present the case of a 5-year-old girl referred from a community hospital with a foreign object in the nose and how it was managed in a timely and successful manner.

Eosinophilic Granuloma With Metachronous Actinomycosis – A Case Report With Literature Review, Kavya Soundararajan, Sudeendra Prabhu, Pallavi Sabarad, Riaz Abdulla

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Eosinophilic granuloma (EG) is a type of histiocytosis X with uncertain etiology. The lesion manifests as single or multiple areas of bone destruction with mild-to-severe pain or may be asymptomatic in some cases. In this article, a case of EG with actinomycosis is reported which occurred in an 11-year-old male in the left buccal vestibule extending from 22 to 24. Histopathologically, it showed dense, cellular infiltrate in the connective tissue composed of abundant eosinophils intermixed with atypical cells. After 4 months, the same patient reported with a recurrence in the palatal region. Histopathologically, the section showed some colonies of actinomycosis …

Trends And Analysing The Correlation Of Population Density And Percentage Of Population Suffered From Covid-19 - A Linear Regression Model, Kamlesh Garg, Aarushi Mathur, Surinder Kumar, Ruchika Nandha

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

BACKGROUND:

Since the emergence in December 2019, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has impacted several countries and made it a worldwide pandemic. It is assumed that chances of transmission of infection of COVID-19 are increased if the population of a particular area is dense as it is a highly contagious disease and measures like social distancing could not be followed. The objectives of this study were as follows: to compare the trend of confirmed, recovered, deceased cases and recovery and death rate of COVID-19 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection in the top 5 worst-hit states of India with National Capital …

Rhinoscleroma – Still A Predominant Entity Managed By Rubber Tube Recanalization, A. S. Harugop, S. Puneeth Nayak, Yashita Singh, Rahul Gulaganji

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Rhinoscleroma is a chronic granulomatous infection affecting the nasal cavity and nasopharynx primarily. It results in functional and esthetic sequelae in patients. A patient presented to us with chronic extensive vestibular stenosis with external deformity of the nose. The patient underwent multistaged diagnostic nasal endoscopy with biopsy and recanalization using a sterile rubber catheter which showed significant clinical improvement. This case demonstrates that medical advancements have enabled a quicker diagnosis of rhinoscleroma and recanalization still remains an essential entity in managing the sequelae of rhinoscleroma.

Prevalence Of Deep Vein Thrombosis In Congestive Cardiac Failure Patients, Muzafar Naik, Tariq Bhat, Waiz Gowhar, Abdul Ahad Wani

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

BACKGROUND:

Congestive cardiac failure (CCF) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) may coexist in a patient. The prevalence of DVT has been reported up to 34.1% in CCF patients, and its presence may increase the morbidity and mortality of CCF patients. The presence of DVT may increase the morbidity and mortality of CCF patients. With this background in mind, we conducted a study to know the prevalence of DVT in CCF patients from our part of the world.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out over a period of 1 year from March 2015 to February 2016 on …

Skin Problems Among Nurses Due To Personal Protective Equipment A Cross-Sectional Study From Covid-19 Hospital, Suraj Chawla, Shewtank Goel, Abhishek Singh, Vikas Gupta

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

BACKGROUND:

Nursing staff are at much greater risk of infection due to the exposure to the highly infectious bodily fluids and droplet nuclei and needed the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) to reduce the transmission risk.

AIM:

The present study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of skin injury and its type due to PPE usage nursing staff.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted after obtaining the institutional ethical approval in dedicated COVID-19 hospital for a period of 4 months among 144 nursing staff wearing Grade 2 and 3 PPE kit. Study subjects were approached through …

Procalcitonin Levels In Covid-19 Patients In A Tertiary Care Center, Avinash H. Rajanna, Satyanarayana Narayanashetty, Yesheswini N. Naik, Vaibhav S. Bellary, N Chethan

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

BACKGROUND:

Procalcitonin (PCT) is a glycoprotein calcitonin prohormone released by the thyroid parafollicular cells. In case of a microbial infection, PCT synthesis can be stimulated by the elevation of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6, interleukin-1b, and tumor necrosis factor-

α

. These mediators are massively involved in the so-called cytokine storm, typical of the progression from the viremic to the hyperinflammatory stage of COVID-19 and characterized by the onset of respiratory symptoms and interstitial pulmonary infiltrates. Thus, PCT elevation may represent a direct consequence of the COVID-19 cytokine storm and could also be interpreted as a “viral sepsis” syndrome.

AIM:

(1) …

Effect Of Self-Instructional Module On Knowledge Regarding Care Of Arteriovenous Fistula Among Hemodialysis Patients In Selected Hospitals, Guwahati, Assam, Khumukcham Monali Devi, Manashi Sengupta

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

BACKGROUND:

Chronic kidney disease is a major public health problem. Arteriovenous fistulas (AV fistulas) are considered the gold standard for hemodialysis vascular access based on their superior patency, low complication rates, improved adequacy, lower cost to the healthcare system, and decreased risk of patient mortality. A failing AV fistula places the patient at risk for inadequate dialysis, which can lead to numerous complications and increased morbidity and mortality. Patient education support patients to live the best possible quality of life. It instills patient self-confidence to help them carry out behavior necessary to reach the desired goal.

OBJECTIVE:

The purpose of …

Sociopsychological And Biochemical Determinants Of Health And Disease In Executive Health Check-Up, A. B. Kudachi, M. B. Nagmoti, S. K. Rajshree, R. S. Mudhol

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

BACKGROUND:

Preventive health check-ups are known to be associated with significant reductions in morbidity, mortality, and economic costs related to various diseases, especially chronic lifestyle diseases that progress silently.

OBJECTIVE:

The objective is to evaluate the sociopsychological and biochemical issues of health and disease in executive health check-up as well as to employ them for encouraging people to utilize the available preventive health services.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This cross-sectional study enrolled 768 individuals aged >20 years, irrespective of their gender, reporting for an executive health check-up and evaluated their demographic profile, morbidity, type of family, diet and socioeconomic status, biochemical …

Seroprevalence Of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Immunoglobulin G Antibodies Among Health-Care Workers Prior And After 4–6 Weeks Of Coronavirus Disease Vaccine Administration At Tertiary Care Center Of Southwest Bihar, India, Mukesh Kumar, Richa Singh, Abhishek Kamendu, Amit K. Singh, Jyoti Sangwan

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

AIM:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an ongoing global health emergency. To control the spread, a mass vaccination program is initiated. Antibody titer after vaccination can be a better marker to monitor immunological response.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The study was carried out at the Department of Microbiology, Narayan Medical College and Hospital, Jamuhar Sasaram, southwest Bihar, considering the sample size, type, and collection. First, antibody was tested before vaccination and second antibody value after 28 days of the first dose of COVID vaccine among the health-care workers and housekeeping staff.

RESULTS: …

Suicidal Behavior During The Covid-19 Pandemic A Finding Of An Indo-Nigerian Online Survey, Krittika Sinha, Tosin Philip Oyetunji, Sudha Mishra, Huma Fatima, Aathira J. Prakash, Nitika Singh, G. Srinivasan, Sujita Kumar Kar

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

BACKGROUND:

The COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on the mental health and is associated with high suicidal behavior. This study is an effort to scrutinize suicidal behavior among general population in two countries, namely India and Nigeria.

METHODS:

This was an online survey conducted on 536 adult participants (272 from India and 264 from Nigeria) over a period of six months. It was conducted using a snowball sampling method. The participation in the survey was entirely voluntary. Current suicidality was measured among the participants. Data were collected in two countries only.

RESULTS:

Feeling of hopelessness over the past one …

Aerobic Bacterial Study Of Postoperative Lower Segment Cesarean Site Wound Infection, K. Pooja, M. B. Nagmoti

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

INTRODUCTION:

Cesarean section wound infection illustrates a significant load to the health system as it carries an increased risk of infection as compared to normal vaginal delivery. Hence, it is necessary to identify the agents responsible as well as their extent of susceptibility for commonly used antibiotics.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The study was carried out at the Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College. The specimens were inoculated on the blood and MacConkey agar. The colonies were identified by their morphological characteristics and the biochemical tests, antibiotic susceptibility test was carried for the isolated aerobic bacterial isolates.

RESULTS:

In the …

A Survey Study On Self-Reported Practice And Work Environment Among Anesthetist Trainees In Nigeria, Olusola K. Idowu, Babatunde B. Osinaike

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

CONTEXT:

The safe practice of anesthesia encompasses professionalism, equipment, monitoring, medications, and conduct of anesthesia. Therefore, standard training is

sine qua non

to guarantee good surgical outcomes in a specialty associated with delicate and high-risk cases.

AIMS:

The aims are to survey the work practices among anesthetist trainees from different centers across Nigeria.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN:

A descriptive cross-sectional survey study conducted at the Department of Anaesthesia, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:

Anesthetist trainees were administered structured questionnaires following informed consent.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED:

The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS version 23.0

®

) …

Correlation Of Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay With Line Immunoassay For The Detection Of Antinuclear Antibody In Autoimmune Diseases, Ashna Bhasin, Abha Sharma, Poonam Sood Loomba, Bibhabati Mishra, Madhusmita Das

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

INTRODUCTION:

For the diagnosis of autoimmune disorders, detection of antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) is a key step. Indirect immunofluorescence assays are regarded as a gold standard method. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is easily automated and less technical skills are needed and so used for ANA screening. Further testing is done with line immunoassay (LIA) for specific diagnosis of autoimmune disease. However, there is a lack of data comparing ELISA with LIA for ANA detection in the Indian population.

OBJECTIVE:

The objective of this study is to find the correlation between ELISA and LIA for ANA detection.

METHODOLOGY:

Serum samples received for …

Misconceptions About Diabetes Mellitus Among Diabetes Patients A Cross-Sectional Study, Suyesha Nalavadey, Sulakshana Shridhar Baliga

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

BACKGROUND:

Diabetes mellitus is a lifestyle-related painless disease. India has the highest diabetes burden in the world and is called as the “Diabetic Capital of the world.” Even though the disease is so rampant, there are ample misconceptions about diabetes and this has become a hurdle in effective management and control of the disease.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A cross-sectional study was conducted at the urban health center among 200 diabetics. Patients were asked about their belief in misconceptions regarding diet, exercise, treatment-seeking behavior, and self-care of diabetes.

RESULTS:

From a total of 200 participants, 112 (56%) were females. Majority 183 …

Pediatric Tracheostomy A 10-Year Experience At A Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital In Eastern India, Santosh Kumar Swain, Ishwar Chandra Behera

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

BACKGROUND:

Tracheostomy in pediatric patients is considered a surgery of significant morbidity and mortality. However, the airway management with tracheostomy in the pediatric age group has changed over time with respect to indication and outcome.

OBJECTIVE:

The objective of this study is to evaluate the indications and complications of pediatric tracheostomies.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This is a prospective study done on pediatric tracheostomies at a tertiary care teaching hospital. The study period was from September 2011 to October 2021. The data on age, gender, indications, and complications over 10 years were analyzed. In this study, pediatric tracheostomy was classified into …

The Coexistence Of Concha Bullosa And Nasal Septum Deviation In Adult Nigerians, Beryl Shitandi Ominde, Patrick Sunday Igbigbi

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

BACKGROUND:

Concha bullosa (CB) with an associated nasal septum deviation (NSD) compromises the paranasal sinus drainage through the osteomeatal complex hence predisposing to sinus disease. This study aimed at elucidating the concomitant existence of CB and NSD in adult Nigerians.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Following institutional ethical approval, brain computed tomography images of 336 patients (199 males and 137 females) aged ≥ 20 years were analyzed for CB and NSD in the Radiology Department of a Teaching Hospital. Using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 23, the prevalence of these variants was expressed in percentages, and their association …

Incorporating One Health Competencies Into The Medical Curriculum Need Of The Hour, Saurabh Rambiharilal Shrivastava, Prateek Saurabh Shrivastava

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

The manner in which a doctor approach patient care significantly depends on the way in which they were trained during their undergraduation period. The purpose of the current review is to explore the necessity to incorporate One Health competencies in the medical curriculum and devise a framework for the same. An extensive search of all materials related to the topic was carried out on the PubMed search engine and a total of 14 articles were selected based on their suitability with the current review objectives. Keywords used in the search include One Health and medical education in the title alone …

Vitamin D Status Of Children At A Tertiary Care Hospital Of Agartala, North-East India A Cross-Sectional Study, Elvia Jamatia, Sankar Roy, Arpita Das, Portia Dewan, Tapan Debnath

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

CONTEXT:

High prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) has been reported in the pediatric population from the different parts of the country. However, there is a lacuna of data on the Vitamin D status of children from the north-eastern part of the country.

AIMS:

The aim of this study is to assess the serum Vitamin D level and also to find out the prevalence of VDD among children and adolescents in Agartala, a major city in North-east India.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN:

Cross-sectional descriptive study.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The serum 25 (OH) D levels of 258 children from age 1 to …

Immunological Characteristics Of Covid-19 And Its Implications, Amrita Ghosh, Ranabir Pal, Ray Elizabeth Dominic, Mugdha Mittal, Luis Rafael Moscote-Salazar, Bukkambudhi V. Murlimanju, Rafael Cincu, Amit Agrawal

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

CoVID-19 is the most formidable unequaled global challenge invading 220 countries and territories in this millennium to uncountable saga of mortality, disability as humanity is witnessing devastation of socio-economy with more than 4 million deaths till date. The natural history of CoVID-19 from transmission through varied clinical features to overt complications is still under global research and research groups are on the run to trace its ramifications. This ranges from primary involvement of the pulmonary system to multisystem involvement through web of immunological pathways associated with susceptibility, clinical presentations, and severity of COVID-19. It has been hypothesized that the safe …

Grading Of Prostate Cancer Evolution And Changing Concepts, Vijayalaxmi M. Dhorigol, Ranjit P. Kangle

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Grading system for prostatic cancer (PC) was first described in1966 by Dr. Donald Gleason. Over the years, histologic, clinical diagnosis and management of PCa have evolved, leading to revisions of the Gleason system first by the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) in 2005 and more recently in 2014. Unlike the original Gleason score (GS) ranging from 2 to 10, the current system no longer assign Scores 2–5, the lowest score being 6. The new grading system of 2014 proposed Five Grade Groups based on revised GS which produces a smaller number of grades with the most significant prognostic differences …