Digital Commons Network^™

Morphometric Analysis Of Spina Bifida After Fetal Repair Shows New Subtypes With Associated Outcomes., L K Mann, S Pandiri, N Agarwal, H Northrup, K S Au, Elin Grundberg, E P Bergh, M T Austin, R Patel, B Miller, S Zhu, J S Feinberg, D Lai, K Tsao, S A Fletcher, R Papanna

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

OBJECTIVES: The binary classification of spina bifida lesions as myelomeningocele (with sac) or myeloschisis (without sac) belies a spectrum of morphologies. This study aimed to characterize types of spina bifida lesion and correlate them with preoperative presentation and postoperative outcome.

METHODS: This was a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort of patients referred for fetal spina bifida who underwent fetoscopic repair between 2020 and 2023 at a single center. We evaluated lesion morphology on high-resolution intraoperative images and videos to categorize lesions based on placode exposure and nerve root stretching. The reproducibility of lesion classification was assessed using the Kappa …

Objectively Monitored Sleep In School-Age Children With Cystic Fibrosis And Their Parents., Andrea L. Fidler, Casey Lawless, James Peugh, Dean W. Beebe, Silvia Delgado, Robin S. Everhart, David A. Fedele

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

No abstract provided.

Recapitulating The Immune Microenvironment In Pediatric Brain Cancer: Preclinical Modeling Strategies., Adip G. Bhargav, Joseph S. Domino, David Akhavan, Jo Ling Goh

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Primary brain and CNS tumors comprise the most common tumors in children and are the most common cause of cancer deaths in this population. Pediatric primary malignant brain tumors including high-grade glioma and medulloblastoma account for a significant proportion of these cancer deaths. Advances in the surgical management and adjuvant treatment paradigms have improved the prognosis of many patients with these tumors, but there remains a subset of treatment-resistant tumors or tumors with unique genetics aberrations and aggressive phenotypes that confer a poor prognosis. Immunotherapeutic strategies have demonstrated promise in pre-clinical studies and early clinical trials. However, high-fidelity evaluation of …

Changes In Antiviral Prescribing For Children With Influenza In Us Emergency Departments., Tess Stopczynski, Olla Hamdan, Justin Z. Amarin, James W. Antoon, Laura S. Stewart, Haya Hayek, James Chappell, Andrew J. Spieker, Eileen J. Klein, Janet A. Englund, Geoffrey A. Weinberg, Peter G. Szilagyi, John V. Williams, Marian G. Michaels, Julie A. Boom, Leila C. Sahni, Mary Allen Staat, Elizabeth P. Schlaudecker, Jennifer E. Schuster, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Ayzsa Tannis, Heidi L. Moline, Samantha M. Olson, Natasha B. Halasa

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

IMPORTANCE: Despite national recommendations, antiviral prescribing in emergency departments (EDs) for children at higher risk of severe influenza, such as those younger than 5 years and those with specific underlying conditions, remains low.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether there were changes in antiviral prescribing for children at higher risk of severe influenza in academic pediatric EDs before the COVID-19 pandemic (2016-2020) vs the late pandemic period (2021-2023).

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This multicenter, cross-sectional study included influenza-positive children younger than 18 years presenting to the ED at 1 of 7 US pediatric academic hospitals participating in the Centers for Disease Control …

Emotion Regulation, Distress Tolerance, And Experiential Avoidance In Adults With Trichotillomania (Hair-Pulling Disorder) And Excoriation (Skin-Picking) Disorder, Valerie S. Swisher, Emily J. Ricketts, Tara S. Peris, Grant Jones, Erin Dunning, Stephanie Valle, Elizabeth Cavic, Christine Lochner, Dan J. Stein, Darin D. Dougherty, Joseph O'Neill, Douglas W. Woods, Jon E. Grant, John Piacentini, Nancy J. Keuthen

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Trichotillomania (TTM) and skin-picking disorder (SPD) are body-focused repetitive behavior disorders (BFRBDs) associated with deficits in emotion regulation, distress tolerance, and experiential avoidance. Their differential relations to TTM, SPD, and their comorbidity, and relative importance in predicting BFRBD outcomes is unclear. Therefore, this study compared these constructs in adults (n = 311) diagnosed with TTM (n = 112), SPD (n = 87), comorbid TTM and SPD (n = 40), and healthy controls (n = 72), and examined their relative importance in association with BFRBD outcomes. Participants completed questionnaires assessing BFRBD severity and impairment, functional disability, emotion regulation, distress tolerance, experiential …

Volumetric Differences Of Thalamic Nuclei Are Associated With Posttrauma Psychopathology, Jacklynn M. Fitzgerald

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Background

Previous investigations of whole thalamus and thalamic nuclei volumes in posttrauma psychopathology have been sparse and limited in scope and have yielded inconsistent results. To address this, volumetric estimates of whole thalamus and thalamic nuclei were obtained from structural brain magnetic resonance imaging scans from 2058 participants across 20 worldwide sites in the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta Analysis) Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) working group.

Methods

Thalamic volumes were compared in trauma-exposed participants with PTSD (n = 238), major depressive disorder (MDD) (n = 184), and comorbid PTSD+MDD (n = 618) and in trauma-exposed …

Proceedings Of The 2025 Santa Fe Bone Symposium: Current Concepts In The Care Of Patients With Osteoporosis, Parathyroid Disorders, And Rare Bone Diseases., E Michael Lewiecki, Robert A. Adler, Paul A. Anderson, John P. Bilezikian, David W. Dempster, Pouneh K. Fazeli, Michael R. Mcclung, Eric T. Rush, Christine M. Swanson, S Bobo Tanner

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

The 2025 Santa Fe Bone Symposium (SFBS) was a combined in-person and virtual "hybrid" meeting based in Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA, on August 8-9, 2025. There were an equivalent number of in-person and remote attendees from throughout the USA and other countries. The SFBS was immediately preceded, on August 6-7, 2025, by the 2-day Endocrine Fellows Foundation-Santa Fe Bone Symposium Workshop on Metabolic Bone Diseases. This preceptorship included basic bone biology, osteoporosis, parathyroid and rare bone diseases. Most of the fellows attended the SFBS, for a total of 4 days of non-stop education in skeletal health. The topics covered …

Assessment And Management Of Magnesium And Trace Element Status In Children With Ckd Stages 2-5, On Dialysis And Post-Transplantation: Clinical Practice Points From The Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce., Jetta Tuokkola, Caroline E. Anderson, Sheridan Collins, Pearl Pugh, Molly R Wong Vega, Matthew Harmer, Lyndsay A. Harshman, Christina L. Nelms, Barry Toole, An Desloovere, Fabio Paglialonga, Nonnie Polderman, José Renken-Terhaerdt, Rukshana Shroff, Evelien Snauwaert, Stella Stabouli, Johan Vande Walle, Bradley A. Warady, Vanessa Shaw, Larry A. Greenbaum

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Children and young people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at risk for deficiency or excess of magnesium and trace elements. Kidney function, dialysis, medication, and dietary and supplemental intake can affect their biochemical status. There is much uncertainty about the requirements of magnesium and trace elements in CKD, which leads to variation in practice. The Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce is an international team of pediatric kidney dietitians and pediatric nephrologists, formed to develop evidence-based clinical practice points to improve the nutritional care of children with CKD. PICO (patient, intervention, comparator, and outcomes) questions led the literature searches, which were …

Movement- And Posture-Based Measures Of Sedentary Patterns And Associations With Metabolic Syndrome In Hispanic/Latino And Non-Hispanic Adults., Marta M. Jankowska, Calvin P. Tribby, Paul R. Hibbing, Jordan A. Carlson, Mikael Anne Greenwood-Hickman, Dorothy D. Sears, Andrea Z. Lacroix, Loki Natarajan

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Sedentary behavior has been identified as a significant risk factor for Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). However, it is unclear if the sedentary pattern measurement approach (posture vs. movement) impacts observed associations or if associations differ for Hispanic/Latino communities, who have higher risk of MetS.

METHODS: Participants from the Community of Mine (CoM) study (N = 602) wore hip-based accelerometers for 14 days and completed MetS-associated biomarker assessment (triglycerides, blood pressure, fasting glucose, HDL cholesterol, waist circumference). Sedentary patterns were classified using both cutpoints (movement-based) and the Convolutional Neural Network Hip Accelerometer Posture (CHAP) algorithm (posture-based). We used logistic regression to …

Metabolic Acidosis And Cardiovascular Disease Risk In Children With Ckd., Denver D. Brown, Jennifer Roem, Kimberly Reidy, Susan Furth, Bradley A. Warady, Michal Melamed, Tammy Brady, Ckid Study Investigators

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

KEY POINTS: Metabolic acidosis may be associated with adverse cardiovascular disease risk. Prospective studies of the benefit of alkali therapy on cardiovascular disease risk are needed.

BACKGROUND: The link between metabolic acidosis (MA) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes has been studied in adults but not in children with CKD where MA is a common and early finding. Using longitudinal BP and cardiac measurement data, we evaluated whether low serum bicarbonate (a surrogate for MA) is associated with adverse CVD risk.

METHODS: This study used data from children age 1 year and older with eGFRs between 30 and 90 ml/min per …

The Impact Of Long-Term Exposure To Lip Cosmetics On The Fertility Of Female Drosophila Melanogaster, Neeka Oghli

Holster Scholar Projects

Are products marketed as safe to use, truly safe to use? Inspired by an article exposing the dangers of Tampax tampons, this study examines potential reproductive risks from consumer lip products marketed as natural and safe18. Drosophila melanogaster, a model organism with genetic and reproductive similarities to humans, was utilized to test the impacts of Rhode and Avène lip cosmetics. Avène’s Cicalfate + Lips Repair Lip Balm is the closest alternative to Rhode’s unscented peptide lip treatment, which was mindfully chosen to test if affordability comes at the expense of safety. Various concentrations of these products will be exposed to …

How Attention Related Brainwaves Vary With Performance On Speech-In-Noise Tasks, Akshat Viswanath

Holster Scholar Projects

Prior studies have found alpha (8-12 Hz) and beta (15-30 Hz) oscillations measured with EEG both increase in power when people are performing speech-in-noise tasks. In theory, variation in speech-in-noise performance could reflect the ability to segregate and neurally encode background versus foreground sounds. Here, we aim to examine how alpha and beta oscillations play a role in ignoring background sounds versus attending to foreground speech sounds. We had thirty-four healthy young adults perform a speech-in-noise task while we recorded brain signals using 64-channel EEG. Subjects were instructed to ignore the randomly varied background “noise” sounds that onset at the …

Filipino Military Professionalism And Leadership Within The Context Of The Comprehensive Archipelagic Defense Strategy, Leslie Advincula-Lopez, Sharon A. Caringal, Julian V. Advincula Jr.

Development Studies Faculty Publications

The study examines how expertise, responsibility, and identity are developed and maintained by the services formally and informally and provides an updated understanding of how military professionalism functions today among the members of the AFP. The research results provide an updated understanding of how the members of the AFP dynamically construct military professionalism and leadership within the context of more complex and global security challenges. Specifically, it examines the construction and practice of professionalism and leadership across the different branches of service, the Philippine Army, the Air Force, and the Navy, as well as their geographic locations. Given the fluid …

The Role Of Social Capital In Enhancing Organizational Effectiveness, Participation, And Sustainability: Insights From Service-Learning Evaluation Reports, Mark Anthony D. Abenir

Development Studies Faculty Publications

Social capital, encompassing networks, trust, and shared norms among community members, underpins the success of community development initiatives. This study examines how deliberate efforts to strengthen social capital influence organizational effectiveness, participant engagement, and long‐term sustainability in four urbanbased service‐learning projects in Metro Manila, Philippines. Through a qualitative review of comprehensive endof‐project evaluation reports spanning a junior educator tutoring program, a disaster preparedness intervention, a women’s leadership and organization development project, and project management capacity‐building workshop for conditional cash transfer beneficiaries, the research applied a three‐dimensional social capital framework: structural (network coordination and information exchange), cognitive (shared norms and collective …

Research Nexus : Volume 30 - 2025, Office Of Research And Graduate Studies

Office of Research and Graduate Studies

• Researcher Spotlight
• Research Milestones & News
• Research 2024
• AKU Faculty Named Among World's Top 2% Most-Cited Scientists
• Research Townhall - East Africa
• A New Addition to the Team
• Research Townhall – Pakistan and United Kingdom
• Capacity Building Initiatives
• Effective Project Management
• Navigating Grant Opportunities

Effects Of Heat Stress And Depressed Feed Intake On The Cecal And Ileal Microbiota Of Broiler Chickens, Philip M. Campos, Elizabeth S. Greene, Monika Proszkowiec-Weglarz, Sami Dridi

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Chronic heat stress (HS) is known to depress feed intake (FI) and growth in broiler chickens, and may alter the gut microbiota and health, however, the amplitude and duration of each (HS and depressed FI) effect on gut microbiota is still unclear. This study aimed to determine the effects of chronic and acute HS on the cecal and ileal microbiota profiles. Broilers were subjected to thermoneutral (TN, 23 degrees C) or chronic cyclic HS (CHS, 8 h/d, 35 degrees C) condition from d29-42, and one group to acute HS (AHS, 2 h, 35 degrees C) at d42. To distinguish between …

Epidemiology Of Lower Extremity Amputations In The United States: An Analysis Of The Global Burden Of Disease Database From 1990 To 2019., Peter B Spencer, Cameron J Sabet, Gabrielle Dykhouse, Taylor J Manes, Phillip C Mckegg, Ambrose Loc T Ngo, Ayah Ibrahim, Jack Weick

Surgery Articles

BACKGROUND: Lower extremity amputations (LEAs) are medically, psychologically, and functionally devastating. The objective of our study was to evaluate region- and sex-specific differences of unilateral and bilateral LEAs across the United States (US) from 1990 to 2019.

METHODS: The Global Burden of Disease database was used to analyze years lived with disability (YLDs), prevalence, and incidence rates per 100,000 people for LEAs in the US from 1990 to 2019. Data were stratified into four US Census Bureau-defined regions: Northeast, Midwest, South, and West. Differences between regions and sexes were assessed, with statistical significance defined as p < 0.05.

RESULTS: From 1990 to …

Perioperative Antibiotic Administration Review: An Analysis Of Outpatient Surgeries At Ohiohealth Doctors Hospital., Rayyan Bhutta, Thomas Shneker, Samantha Currier, Alexander Caskey, Vincent Relli-Dempsey, Matthias Franzen, Samir Patel

Surgery Articles

INTRODUCTION: A vital part of preventing surgical site infections (SSIs) is perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis. Antibiotics must be administered within a certain window of time, usually 15 to 60 minutes prior to the surgical incision, for them to be effective. The most frequently utilized medication, cefazolin, can be administered quickly by intravenous push (IVP), but other medications, such as vancomycin and clindamycin, need longer infusion times. Antibiotic efficacy declines, and the risk of SSIs is increased when scheduling requirements are not followed. With special focus on time, dosage, and variation by surgery type, this study evaluates adherence to perioperative antibiotic administration …

Exploring Undergraduate Early Childhood Education Students' Conceptualizations Of Stem In Early Learning Contexts, Melany Spiehs

Educational Leadership Theses, Dissertations, and Student Creative Activity

Early childhood is widely recognized as a critical stage for STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) learning, yet many teachers feel underprepared to support children’s foundational knowledge and skills. This study examines how undergraduate students in early childhood education conceptualize STEM within early learning environments through an analysis of their coursework and field experiences. The investigation explores both students’ articulated beliefs about STEM (espoused theories) and how they enacted STEM teaching and learning in practice (theories-in-use). Data were drawn from course artifacts including journals, reflections, learning stories, lesson plans, and field observation notes. While much of the existing literature emphasizes …

Charting The Course: Understanding Key Elements, Stakeholder Insights, And Professional Perspectives In Establishing A Community College Court Reporting Program, Sherman P. Willis

Educational Leadership Theses, Dissertations, and Student Creative Activity

There is a national shortage of court reporters. This study investigates which elements and essential factors, according to industry criteria and stakeholder feedback, should form the foundation of a community college court reporting program. The research question was decomposed into two components: examining key elements from existing programs; and identifying best practices from judge surveys and essential program components from court reporter interviews.

A mixed analysis included National Court Reporters Association (NCRA)–approved program document review, quantitative surveys of Nebraska judges, and qualitative interviews with Nebraska court reporters. The survey evaluated judicial perspectives on fundamental program components. Semi-structured interviews gathered information …

Venturing Into Health, Rachel E. Sachs

Fordham Law Review

In recent years, the landscape of venture capital (VC) investment in healthcare technologies has been altered by the introduction of new types of VC firms: those that have emerged from hospital systems and health insurers. However, the legal literature has not yet analyzed these new VC firms, the role they may play in healthcare innovation, and how innovation law and policy ought to consider their involvement. Hospital system and health insurer VC firms operate very differently than traditional VC firms, even those that have historically developed healthcare specializations. Instead of simply investing capital into start-up firms, hospital system and health …

Serious Games And Complex Thinking: A Study On Gender Differences And Study Discipline In University Students, María Soledad Ramírez‑Montoya, Carolina Alcantar-Nieblas, Leonardo David Glasserman-Morales

Artículos científicos

Serious games are a fundamental tool to promote learning in a playful way and to develop a wide range of cognitive skills such as complex thinking. In this study we sought to first analyze the perceived achievement of complex thinking sub-competencies by majors, and we also aimed to investigate mean differences in the group of students coming from computer science and engineering related majors and by gender of the participants in complex thinking subcompetencies. 417 learners were part of this study, of which 65.7% were male and 34.3% were female. It was found that medical students perceived higher achievement in …

Evaluating Topological And Graph‑Theoretical Approaches To Extract Complex Multimodal Brain Connectivity Patterns In Multiple Sclerosis, Toni Lozano‑Bagén, Eloy Martinez‑Heras, Giuseppe Pontillo, Elisabeth Solana, Francesc Vivó, Maria Petracca, Alberto Calvi, Sandra Garrido‑Romero, Albert Solé‑Ribalta, Sara Llufriu, Ferran Prados, Jordi Casas‑Roma

Artículos científicos

Brain networks, or graphs, derived from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offer a powerful framework for representing the structural, morphological, and functional organization of the brain. Graph-theoretical metrics have been widely employed to characterize properties such as efficiency, integration, and communication within these networks. More recently, topological data analysis techniques, such as persistent homology and Betti curves, have emerged as complementary approaches for capturing higher-order network patterns. In this study, we present a comparative analysis of these feature-generation methodologies in the context of neurodegenerative disease. Specifically, we evaluate the effectiveness of Betti curves and graph-theoretical metrics in extracting features for distinguishing …

Sharksrx Newsletter Fall 2025, Nova Southeastern University

NSU Sharks Rx

No abstract provided.

Subsistence As Resistance: Reconceptualizing The Theory Of Progressive Property To Incubate Resistance To Consumerism, D.S. Pensley

William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review

This Article reconceptualizes the theory of progressive property by juxtaposing legal theory with the empirical study of a subsistence economy in the U.S. Subarctic. Progressive property holds that owners are bound by obligations to non-owners as a means to achieve human flourishing. The theory is constrained by the primacy of private property in Western thought, and it also lacks the ecological ethic required for sustainability. Drawing from my fieldwork, I suggest that human flourishing must additionally incubate resistance to consumerism.

Federal statute, 16 U.S.C. § 3113, defines subsistence as “the customary and traditional uses by rural Alaska residents of wild, …

Let's Bee Pragmatic: The Economic Case For Neonicotinoid Regulation In Conservative States, Annie Rosenstein

William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review

The importance of bees in our ecosystem and to our food system in the United States cannot be overstated. In fact, 35% of global crop production depends on bees and other pollinating insects. Pollinators not only influence the production of many foods that we hold dear and rely on, such as apples, chocolate, potatoes, and coffee, but also influence the quality of these products.

Currently, the most insidious threat against bees in the United States is neonicotinoid pesticides (neonics). While neonics are effective at killing the target populations of beetles, aphids, and flies, they are equally effective at killing pollinators, …

Environmental Bankers: States Are Billing Fossil Fuel Companies For Extreme Weather Disasters, Kelly A. Adam

William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review

For decades, common law has been the pathway to remediation for environmental tragedies. Victims of traditional environmental harms can pursue justice through legal challenges like nuisance, negligence, and violations of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA). However, climate change–induced natural disasters have led to the normalization of the “Act of God” exception; a policy provision commonly used in insurance law that excludes coverage for damage caused by unforeseeable natural disasters. Even so, real cities suffer the consequences of the real harm, whether insurance accepts it or not; so, who bears the burden of funding the recovery?

Maryland, …

Look What You Made Me Do, Russell M. Gold

Washington and Lee Law Review

We have understood for centuries that crime is both the product of social forces and individual choice. We know now that crime is affected by economic deprivation, addiction, trauma, and mental health issues. But American criminal legal processes hide this reality by coercing defendants into expressing a profoundly simple narrative: crime is solely individual choice to do wrong. This coerced narrative finds defendants during a plea colloquy standing up in court saying that they are pleading guilty because they are guilty and for no other reason. A defendant who goes off-script to tell the judge that they have been repeatedly …

Double Dosing: How Brand-Name Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Manipulate Patent Rules To Extend Market Exclusivity, Elizabeth Hertzberg

Washington and Lee Law Review

A robust patent system is important for spurring innovation, but it is not without risk. Because a patent owner has exclusivity over the patented subject matter for a specific term, there is incentive to extend that monopoly however possible. Identical subject matter is unpatentable, but obvious variants of an existing patent may be allowed if the applicant agrees to the same expiration date for both patents. This agreement is called a terminal disclaimer. While patents tied together with terminal disclaimers may not necessarily lead to unjust patent term extensions, an army of terminal disclaimers directed at one invention presents a …

Scalable Long-Read Nanopore Hpv16 Amplicon-Based Whole-Genome Sequencing, Maina Titus, David Giesbrecht, Cliff Oduor, Kapten Muthoka, Karamoko Niaré, Rebecca Crudale, Abebe Fola, Sin Hui, Isaac Kim Jr., Elkanah Orang'o

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) drives precursor cervical lesions that often progress to cervical cancer (CC). Variation within the HPV16 genome has been associated with CC risk. Here, we developed an affordable and portable amplicon-based long-read whole genome sequencing (WGS) approach using Oxford Nanopore Technologies to investigate HPV16 genetic diversity among women in sub-Saharan African countries. Applied to a control CaSki cell line and clinical samples (n = 12), our method generated complete HPV16 genomes at high coverage (median read coverage: 5,899–15,279 ×). Benchmarking our HPV16 controls showed high accuracy for two variant calling pipelines (Clair3 and PEPPER-Margin DeepVariant). Phylogenetic analysis …