Digital Commons Network^™

Concentric Macular Rings And Oct Corrugations In Foveal Hypoplasia: Proof Of Concept For An Optical Interference Mechanism, Ari August, Ralph Eagle, Tatyana Milman, Rebecca Procopio, Bruce Schnall, Jose Pulido

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

BACKGROUND: Concentric macular rings (CMR) and Henle fiber layer (HFL) corrugations, potential clinical biomarkers of foveal hypoplasia, have been observed in laser fundus photographs and optical coherence tomography (OCT) images, respectively. Some believe these findings represent true anatomical structural changes while others hypothesize that they are artifacts of interference; however, to our knowledge, no previous study has provided evidence to support either theory.

METHODS: This retrospective case series analyzed CMR and OCT corrugations in 3 patients (6 eyes) with foveal hypoplasia. Dark fringe diameters of CMR at different wavelengths (λ: red = 635, green = 532, blue = 488 nm) …

Perspectives On Implementing Environmentally Sustainable Practices In Cataract Surgeries: Interviews Of Administrative And Frontline Healthcare Workers, Daniel Parra, Brooke Sherry, Emma Pak, Lauren Taylor, Erin S. Rogers, Sarah E. Hochman, Maria De Los Angeles Ramos Cadena, Joel S. Schuman, Christina R. Prescott, Cassandra L. Thiel

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

BACKGROUND: Healthcare is responsible for 8.5% of greenhouse gas emission in the United States. Physicians are becoming increasingly concerned about the climate crisis, particularly in the field of ophthalmology where there is a growing body of literature related to sustainability. Although emissions of cataracts surgery, one of the most performed surgical procedures in the world, have been quantified, modifications to practice have yet to be made. This study aims to uplift the perspectives of a diverse set of healthcare workers on implementing environmentally sustainable practices in the cataract surgery setting.

METHODS: 16 semi-structured interviews were conducted with professionals working in …

Effect Of Stages Of Prehospital Hypertensive Crisis And Length-Of-Stay On Acute Stroke Readmission, Thomas Bob Ross Phd

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Stroke is the second leading cause of mortality and the third leading cause of disability, affecting over 800,000 Americans annually. Traditional stroke research has focused on in-hospital settings, but not on prehospital stroke admissions, despite evidence that over 75% of acute stroke cases managed by emergency medical services involve prehospital hypertensive crises (HTN-C). HTN-C is classified into three systolic blood pressure (SBP) stages: Stage 1 (140–159 mm Hg), Stage 2 (160–179 mm Hg), and Stage 3 (≥180 mm Hg), the latter associated with organ damage. Hypertension correlates with longer hospital stays and more intensive interventions in hospitalized patients, but HTN-C …

The Art And Science Of Healing: Reframing The Healer's Mindset For The Human-Ai Era, Jen-Hung Yang

Journal of Medical Education

Background: AI's expansion in medicine sharpens the tension between diagnostic science and the art of healing. AI is a complex sociotechnical system. Its integration in medicine is accelerating, yet reactive and tool-driven, which offers both opportunities and risks. AI will potentially worsen depersonalization and burnout. Objectives: The aim is to develop the guiding principles of AI to strengthen the art healing in medical education. Innovations: Healer's Mindset, inspired by Gardner's Five Minds, reframes Respectful and Ethical minds as three pillars: critical validation, a humanistic core, and discerning augmentation. These principles can help AI restore medicine's essence: fostering inquiry, faculty …

Choosing Who To Be: Teaching Ethics Through Value Conflicts And Identity Reflection, Jennifer Kwon, Hsingchi Von Bergmann

Journal of Medical Education

Background: This study introduces a reflective learning approach that combines ethical dilemmas with axiological analysis to explore how students' value hierarchies shape their professional identity formation. Moving beyond traditional frameworks such as Principlism, this approach invites learners to examine the tensions between personal and professional values, encouraging critical reflection on how their decisions relate to multiple identities and evolving professional commitments. Methods: Two open-ended ethical dilemmas were distributed via an anonymous online survey using Qualtrics. This method was intentionally chosen to elicit narrative responses from a large cohort of students while providing space for candid reflection on complex, value-laden situations. …

Evaluating Self-Efficacy In Pharm.D. And B.S. Pharmacy Programs: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study, Jia-An Hung, Kuan-Lin Chen, Yen-Ming Huang, Li-Jiuan Shen, Fei-Yuan Hsiao, Chia-Yi Wu, Fe-Lin Lin Wu, Chi-Chuan Yeh, Shu-Wen Lin

Journal of Medical Education

Background: Pharmacy education in Taiwan has shifted from a four-year Bachelor of Science (B.S.) degree to a six-year Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) degree emphasizing patient-centered competencies. This study evaluated the self-efficacy of pharmacy students at different stages of the programs. Methods: A repeated cross-sectional survey was conducted from 2017 to 2019 at a university in Taiwan. Third- to sixth-year Pharm.D. and fourth-year B.S. students completed a validated 53-item self-efficacy scale comprising five domains. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, repeated-measures ANOVA, and Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis to evaluate differences in students' self-efficacy scores across academic years and between different programs. Results: Among …

Dental Students' Perceptions Of Patient Safety: A Cross-Sectional Study Using The Traditional Chinese Version Of The Attitudes To Patient Safety Questionnaire, Chen-Yi Lee, Ju-Hui Wu, Yu-Chih Lin, Shu-Yuan Lin

Journal of Medical Education

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the traditional Chinese version of the Attitudes to Patient Safety Questionnaire (APSQ-T) in a Taiwanese population (Study 1) and investigate dental students' perceptions of patient safety, identify their educational needs, and correlate these aspects to improve the curriculum (Study 2). Methods: Study 1 conducted a cross-sectional study using convenience sampling at a medical university in Taiwan. A total of 223 participants from the fields of dentistry, oral hygiene, nursing, and medicine were recruited to complete an anonymous survey for the validation of the APSQ-T. In Study 2, data collected from …

Expanding The Horizon Of Pocus Education: Integrating Nutritional Ultrasound Into Interprofessional Critical Care Training, Shih-Ching Lo, Chien-Wei Liu, Hsing-Chun Lin

Journal of Medical Education

No abstract provided.

Reexamining The Abraham Accords: The Dynamics Of The Abraham Alliance Amid Geopolitical Uncertainly, Wahyu Dwi Pambagyo, Ali Maksum

Journal Of Middle East and Islamic Studies

Several studies have discussed the bilateral economic impact of the Abraham Accords, but few of them have thoroughly examined how this agreement has evolved into a collective security framework amid global geopolitical changes. This study attempts to fill the existing research gap by analyzing the transformation of the Abraham Accords into the Abraham Alliance using the Balance of Power theory framework developed by Stephan M. Walt. Using a qualitative approach and case study mode, this study examines secondary data from 2020 to 2025, using academic journals, government policy documents, and reliable news media as sources. This study concludes that the …

QawāʿId Al-Fiqh On Government Energy Subsidies: Controlling Inflation Amid Economic Recovery, Nuzulul Firdaus, Nur Fatwa

Journal Of Middle East and Islamic Studies

The war between Russia and Ukraine significantly affected world life, one of which was the increase in world oil energy prices. Indonesia, in this case, which still imports a lot of energy, is also affected. The government needs to implement policies to face these global challenges, one of which is to provide subsidies for energy so that state budget funds can assist people's purchasing power for energy because if not, this will lead to an increase in the prices of goods and services so that there will be inflation. Still, on the other hand, Indonesia is also carrying out a …

The Concise Guide To Pharmacology 2025/26: Catalytic Receptors, Stephen P. H. Alexander, Doriano Fabbro, Chloe J. Peach, Alasdair J. Gibb, Eamonn Kelly, Alistair A. Mathie, Emma L. Veale, Jane F. Armstrong, Elena Faccenda, Simon D. Harding, Christopher Southan, Jamie A. Davies, Annie Beuve, Peter Brouckaert, Clare Bryant, John C. Burnett, Richard W. Farndale, Andreas Friebe, John Garthwaite, Adrian J. Hobbs, Gavin E. Jarvis, Laura Kilpatrick, Doris Koesling, Michaela Kuhn, Birgit Leitinger, David Macewan, Tom P. Monie, Lincoln R. Potter, Michael Russwurm, Harald H. H. W. Schmidt, Johannes-Peter Stasch, Scott A. Waldman

Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

The Concise Guide to Pharmacology 2025/26 marks the seventh edition in this series of biennial publications in the British Journal of Pharmacology. Presented in landscape format, the guide provides a comparative overview of the pharmacology of drug target families. The concise nature of the Concise Guide refers to the style of presentation, being clear, accessible, and well-structured, rather than the scope of the content, which spans approximately 500 pages. The Concise Guide summarises the key pharmacological properties of around 1900 human drug targets, and nearly 7000 interactions, involving around 4400 ligands. While the content is a substantially condensed version of …

Geochemical Fingerprinting Of Tanzanian Uranium Deposits: The Insights Of Ree Ratios (La/Ce, Nd/Ce, And Sm/Nd) As A Provenance Tool, Lazaro H. Meza, John W. Kondoro, Iyabo T. Usman, Najat K. Mohammed, Titus A. Msagati, Mwingereza John Kumwenda, Mohamed S. Mazunga

Tanzania Journal of Science

Accurate uranium provenance determination is crucial for nuclear non-proliferation and environmental protection, yet a forensic-level geochemical framework for Tanzanian uranium deposits has been lacking. This study establishes a robust analytical method using forty-five samples from three major deposits (Mkuju, Manyoni, and Bahi), analyzing elemental compositions, particularly Rare Earth Elements (REEs), via ICP-MS, and validating results using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA). Despite their proximity, the deposits exhibit distinct geochemical signatures as revealed by key REE ratios and anomalies. Mkuju (mean La/Ce 1.17, Nd/Ce 0.62, Sm/Nd 0.56) is characterized by a positive Europium (Eu) anomaly and heavy …

Detection Of Ultra-Trace Levels Of Copper In Seawater Using A Bare Gold Microwire Electrode And A Portable Digital Voltammeter, Luke M. Brosnan, Wade Lonsdale, Paul Pringle, Paul Lewtas, Samantha Ridgway, Sebastien Allard, Magdalena Wajrak

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The accumulation of biomass on ship hulls (biofouling) can greatly decrease their fuel efficiency. Many antifouling coatings contain copper as a biocidal agent, which can be released during hull cleanings and is of particular concern when cleaning the hulls in situ (i.e., without dry docking). Previously established voltammetric methods for the detection of copper in seawater using a gold microwire electrode have been modified and adapted to a portable on-site voltammetric technique. Notable differences from previous voltammetric methods include the use of linear sweep voltammetry, analysis under atmospheric conditions, alternating the potential during the deposition period and the use of …

Food Safety Concerns: A Review On Pathogenic Microbes Associated With Common Edible Insects, Anitha Philbert

Tanzania Journal of Science

This review explored the pathogenic microbes associated with common edible insects. With rising human populations and fluctuating food supplies, edible insects offer a rich source of protein, vitamins, and minerals and are culturally accepted in many regions. Despite their nutritional benefits, knowledge on microbial hazards associated with edible insects is fragmented. The review focuses on commonly consumed species, including Tenebrio molitor, Zophobas morio, Acheta domesticus, Gryllus bimaculatus, Locusta migratoria, Ruspolia differens, Bombix mori, Bunaea alcinoe, and Oryctes monoceros. A total of 43 pathogenic bacteria and 20 pathogenic fungi linked to these edible insect species were identified. The most frequently reported …

Black Bone Mri Morphometry For Mandibular Cortical Bone Measurement In Head And Neck Cancer Patients: Prospective Method Comparison With Ct, Lisanne V Van Dijk, Juan Ventura, Kareem A Wahid, Lin L Zhu, Brigid A Mcdonald, Sara Ahmed, Keith L Sanders, Sonja M Stieb, Lance Mccoy, Christina S Sharafi, Kathryn E Preston, Natalie A West, Sarah Mirbahaeddin, Dina M El-Habashy, Travis Salzillo, Samuel Mulder, Joly Fahim, Aubryane Dearmas, Mona Arbab, Yao Ding, Jihong Wang, Bastien Rigaud, Anando Sen, Mark Chambers, Katherine A Hutcheson, Kristy K Brock, Abdallah S R Mohamed, Stephen Y Lai, Clifton D Fuller

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objectives: Determine the utility of low-flip angle "black bone" magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for cortical mandibular bone assessment compared to computed tomography (CT).

Methods: Quantification of cortical mandibular bone width was performed per Hamada et al. at 15 cross-sectional interdentium locations on pretreatment black bone MRI and CT for 15 oropharyngeal cancer patients, with interobserver analyses on a subset of three patients by 11 observers. CT and MRI measurements were compared using Bland-Altman analysis, Lin's concordance, and Deming regression; interobserver variability was assessed with absolute variance and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results: Bland Altman and Deming regression analyses showed CT …

Sex Differences In Bile Acid Homeostasis And Excretion Underlie The Disparity In Liver Cancer Incidence Between Males And Females, Megan E Patton, Sherwin Kelekar, Lauren J Taylor, Angela E Dean, Qianying Zuo, Rhishikesh N Thakare, Sung Hwan Lee, Emily C Gentry, Morgan Panitchpakdi, Pieter Dorrestein, Yazen Alnouti, Zeynep Madak-Erdogan, Ju-Seog Lee, Milton J Finegold, Sayeepriyadarshini Anakk

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the common liver cancer, exhibits higher incidence in males. Here, we report that mice lacking bile acid (BA) regulators, Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR also termed NR1H4) and Small Heterodimer Partner (SHP also termed NR0B2), recapitulate the sex difference in liver cancer risk. Since few therapeutic options are available, we focused on understanding the intrinsic protection afforded to female livers. Transcriptomic analysis in control and NR1H4 and NR0B2 double knockout livers identified female-specific changes in metabolism, including amino acids, lipids, and steroids. To assess translational relevance, we examined if transcriptomic signatures obtained from this murine HCC model correlate …

Batf2 Is A Glutamine-Responsive Tumour Suppressor Required For Type-I Interferon-Dependent Anti-Tumour Immunity, Wang Gong, Hülya F Taner, Yuesong Wu, Yumin He, Xingwu Zhou, Zaiye Li, Xin Hu, Charisse Ursin, Kala Chand Debnath, Kohei Okuyama, Qiang Hu, Christopher R Donnelly, Felipe Nör, Chamila D Perera, Emily Bellile, Arash Yunesi, Zhiqian Zhai, Mei Zhao, Wanqing Cheng, Zackary R Fitzsimonds, Luke Broses, Jiaqian Li, Shadmehr Demehri, Deepak Nagrath, Gregory T Wolf, Andrew G Sikora, Yanbao Yu, Haitao Wen, Lei Wei, Steven B Chinn, Jeffrey N Myers, Shizuo Akira, Yuying Xie, James J Moon, Yu Leo Lei

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Recent evidence highlights the significance of a new type of tumour suppressors, which are not frequently mutated but inhibited by metabolic cues in cancers. Here, we identify BATF2 as a tumour suppressor whose expression is epigenetically silenced by glutamine in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas (HNSCC). BATF2 correlates with type-I interferon and Th1 signatures in human HNSCC, with correlation coefficients even stronger than those of the positive control, STING. The phosphorylation of BATF2 at serine 227 promotes the oligomerization of STING. BATF2 deficiency or high glutamine levels result in higher oxygen consumption rates and metabolic profiles unfavorable for …

Incorporating Obstetrical Simulation Into Physician Assistant Didactic Curriculum., Ashley D. Griffin, Nicole K. Daher, Jolene E. Bohensky

PCOM Scholarly Works

BACKGROUND: Ensuring physician assistant (PA) students are adequately prepared and exposed to women’s health competencies is a requirement for PA programs regulated by Accreditation Review Commission on Education for Physician Assistants (ARC-PA). Over the years, there has been a growing shortage of clinical rotation sites in women’s health, particularly those offering obstetrical experiences. Medical simulation is being suggested as an alternative method to supplement a student’s experience and to bridge knowledge gaps. Program faculty at the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine Physician Assistant Program developed, implemented, and piloted a simulated vaginal delivery experience performed on high-fidelity manikins for students in …

Non-Invasive Diagnosis Of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Using Face Mask Sampling: A Prospective Study In Adults, Dariusz Woelk, Lennard Meiwes, Nelly Ciobanu, Valeriu Crudu, Anna-Marya Comanac, Stela Kulcitkaia, Anca Vasiliu, Anna Maria Mandalakas, Christoph Lange, Thomas Theo Brehm, Dumitru Chesov

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objectives: Sputum-based diagnostic methods for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), including culture and nucleic acid amplification tests, provide high sensitivity and specificity. However, these methods rely on the patients' ability to produce sputum. In cases where sputum cannot be obtained, invasive procedures like bronchoscopy may become necessary. Our objective was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of face mask sampling (FMS) as a non-invasive alternative.

Methods: Adults with microbiologically confirmed pulmonary TB who had received fewer than three days of anti-TB therapy were recruited in Chişinău, Moldova. FMS was conducted and samples were analyzed on-site using Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra. Diagnostic performance was compared …

Communication Factors Influencing Smallholder Farmers' Adoption Of Climate Change Adaptation Measures In Kenya’S Embu County, Olive Wanjiru Ndwiga, Dominic Mutambu, Daniel Manguriu, Monicah Mucheru-Muna

Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development

Climate change in Kenya has severely impacted the agricultural sector, affecting food security. It is crucial to enhance farmers’ adaptive capacity to cope with these threats. Effective communication of climate variation risks and coping measures is essential to improve farmers' adaptive capacity. Nevertheless, the adoption of adaptation measures remains low. This is because the influence of communication factors remains underexplored. Therefore, this study focuses on exploring the communication factors affecting the adoption of climate variation adaptation measures in Embu County. The study was conducted in 2023 and 2024 and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The …

Identifying Research Priorities For Post-Collision Care In The United Kingdom: Protocol For A Road Injury Priority Setting Partnership, Tim Nutbeam, Caroline Leech, Claire E Baker, Elizabeth Box, Lauren R Rodgers, Kerry Dungay, Louise Johnson, Brian Lee, Marilyn Macqueen, Rob Fenwick, Ian Marritt, Ian Dunbar, Ed B.G. Barnard

Peninsula Medical School

Background: Road traffic injury remains a significant global health challenge, causing over 1.2 million deaths and tens of millions of non-fatal injuries each year. In the United Kingdom (UK), more than 1,600 people died and nearly 30,000 sustained serious injuries on the roads in 2024. While improvements in vehicle design, road infrastructure, emergency response, and road user behaviour have contributed to a sustained reduction in road deaths over recent decades, outcomes for those injured remain variable, and post-collision care has received comparatively less research attention. The Road Injury Chain of Survival framework identifies five interdependent stages where timely, coordinated interventions …

Utilization Review Pada Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional: Implementasi, Tantangan Dan Komponen Essensial, Luh Putu Sinthya Ulandari, Putu Ayu Indrayathi

Jurnal Ekonomi Kesehatan Indonesia

Indonesia has implemented the National Health Insurance (JKN) program since 2014; however, various forms of fraud continue to be found. According to regulations, BPJS Kesehatan, as the national social security agency, is required to conduct Utilization Review (UR) as an effort to control costs and improve the quality of healthcare services. The effectiveness of UR remains questionable due to several implementation challenges. This study aims to explore the implementation of UR, identify its challenges, and examine the essential components required for its effective implementation. The study was conducted in August 2023 using a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews. Samples were …

Combination Of Prednisolone And Mycophenolate Mofetil For The Treatment Of A Cat With Immune-Mediated Panniculitis: A Case Report, J.H. Kim, M.H. Jeon, Y.S. Kwon, Seulgi Bae

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

A 3-year-old domestic shorthair cat presented with severe diffuse skin lacerations and cutaneous nodules with purulent discharge. Primary immune-mediated panniculitis was diagnosed. After surgical excision of the lesions, immunosuppressive therapy with prednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil was initiated. The cutaneous lesions resolved, and no recurrence was observed over a 2-year follow-up period.

Application Of Flexible Endoscopy For Gastrointestinal Foreign Body Removal In A Leopard Gecko (Eublepharis Macularius), Jang-Hee Han, Seung Yoon Ahn, Do Na Lee, Seong Chan Yeon

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

A male captive-bred leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius) presented with a history of inadvertent ingestion of a rubber tip from forceps during feeding. The foreign body was impalpable on physical examination, while radiographic evaluation confirmed its presence in the stomach. Considering the procedural risks associated with invasive surgical interventions, endoscopic retrieval under general anesthesia was pursued. An initial attempt using a 2.8 mm superfine flexible endoscope with 0.8 mm forceps was unsuccessful due to insufficient stability, which hindered effective navigation to the foreign body. In contrast, a second attempt using a larger 9.2 mm flexible endoscope with 2.3 mm …

Echocardiographic Alterations After Administration Of Azithromycin In Donkeys: An Experimental Crossover Study, Mohamed Marzok, Maged El-Ashker, Mahmoud Kandeel, Adel Almubarak, Khalid Alkhodair, Alshimaa Farag, Hussam Ibrahim, Sabry El-Khodery, Hussein Babiker

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Cardiotoxicity and impairment of cardiac function are mostly diagnosed by echocardiography and based on objective metrics of cardiac function. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of azithromycin on the echocardiographic characteristics in healthy donkeys. Ten healthy donkeys were enrolled in a prospective crossover study. The study included two groups: (1) a placebo (normal saline, NaCl 0.9%), and (2) azithromycin (at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight). A 2.0-3.9 MHz phased-array transducer was used for echocardiographic examination. Echocardiographic examinations were performed for donkeys before treatment (T0) and at 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and …

Feline Conjunctivitis In Sleman Region Indonesia: Clinical Characteristics, Bacteriological Isolation Of Staphylococcus Aureus, And Antimicrobial Susceptibility, Agung Budi Pramono, Fatkhanudin Aziz, Faiz Ihsanul Kamil, Soedarmanto Indarjulianto, Ida Tjahajati

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Conjunctivitis is a common ocular condition in domestic cats, often associated with Staphylococcus aureus. Accurate detection and resistance profiling are essential for appropriate therapy. This study aimed to characterize clinical features of feline conjunctivitis, identify S. aureus using phenotypic and genotypic methods, and assess its antibiotic susceptibility. Twenty conjunctivitis-suspected cats in Sleman, Indonesia, underwent clinical examination and conjunctival swabbing. Bacterial isolates were cultured on Mannitol Salt Agar and identified by Gram stain, catalase, coagulase, biochemical tests, and PCR targeting 23S rRNA. Susceptibility to gentamicin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, and amoxicillin was tested by Kirby-Bauer. Predominant signs included excessive tearing (95%), hyperemia …

Theorizing ‘Magwangala’ As An Unorthodox Livelihood In Geita, Tanzania, Albert Tibaijuka

Tanzania Journal of Sociology

The increasing contestation of Magwangala as a livelihood in Geita, Tanzania, invokes a scholarly desire to further the constitution of the term beyond its traditional constructs. Following the present framing of magwangala as a disruptive, hazardous, contentious, and risky engagement; including the sanctions against it and the disparaging remarks upsurging the oppression of its actors, an attempt to advance its comprehension is of paramount importance. Given the nature of Magwangala business and the evident ramifications, its contestation is inevitable and unlikely to yield a uniform understanding. This paper, therefore, draws from the grueling life experiences endured by magwangala dealers in …

Patient And Systemic Barriers To Cancer Care: Implications For Delayed Prostate Cancer Detection In Tanzania, Jane Senga John

Tanzania Journal of Sociology

Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among men in Tanzania, with most cases diagnosed at advanced stages. This study explores the interplay of patient-level and systemic barriers that contribute to delayed prostate cancer detection within a tertiary hospital context. Conducted at Bugando Medical Centre in Mwanza, the research employed in-depth interviews with 25 purposefully selected participants, including patients, oncologists, spouses and traditional healers. Thematic analysis was used and guided by Paul Farmer’s structural violence model and Courtenay’s theory of gender and health to interpret how cultural, economic, and structural factors shape health-seeking behaviours. Findings reveal that delays …

Influence Of Household Characteristics And Incident Setting On Child Abuse Cases In Shinyanga Region., Amani Mapamba

Tanzania Journal of Sociology

This study investigates the influence of household characteristics and incident settings on child abuse cases in Shinyanga Region, Tanzania. Grounded in Rational Choice Theory, the study assumes that perpetrators make calculated decisions influenced by household structure and contextual settings. Utilizing a quantitative research approach, cross sectional secondary data were collected from 401 reported child abuse cases at Shinyanga Regional Referral Hospital between July 2020 and April 2023. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the predictive influence of variables such as relationship to household head, history of abuse in the household, perpetrator identity, and location of the incident. Findings revealed …

Effects Of Corporal Punishments On Students’ Learning: A Case Of Selected Secondary Schools In Tanzania., Adenias Ishabisa

Tanzania Journal of Sociology

The paper presents the practice of corporal punishment on students’ learning in Tanzania secondary schools. Specifically, the study examine how corporal punishment affects students’ learning. The study adopted a qualitative research approach with multiple embedded case study design. Data were collected from 76 participants selected purposefully from Morogoro Municipal, Mvomero District, Sumbawanga Municipal, and Nkasi District. The participants were students, teachers, Regional Educational Officers, District Secondary Educational Officers, and school board members. In-depth interviews, focus group discussions, observation, and documentary reviews were applied to collect data while thematic analysis was used to address the research question. The findings revealed that …