Digital Commons Network^™

Recent Technological Advances In Monitoring And Neuromodulation Of Non-Malignant And Neurogenic Bladder Conditions, Chang Liu, Yifan Wang, Mario Romero-Ortega, Argyrios Stampas, Yingchun Zhang, Philippe Zimmern, Zhengwei Li

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Neurogenic bladder and lower urinary tract (LUT) dysfunctions encompass a wide variety of urinary disorders resulting from nervous system impairments. Unfortunately, conventional treatments are still limited and can have significant complication rates, especially when stent implantations or other surgical procedures are involved. Therefore, there is a critical need to develop novel therapeutic strategies and pharmacological approaches to address these challenging urological conditions. Recent technological advances offer promising solutions to overcome some of these challenges faced by patients with bladder and LUT dysfunction. This review summarizes recent progress in advanced urotechnologies, focusing on bladder monitoring and neuromodulation approaches, advanced medical instruments …

Core Outcome Set For Liver Trauma: A Consensus Approach Using Modified Delphi Methodology, Christian Damone Cain, Saskya Byerly, Nicole A Stassen, David Efron, Thomas M Scalea, John B Holcomb, Gregory J Jurkovich, Rachael Callcut, Deborah M Stein, John A Harvin, Grace Rozycki, David H Livingston, Chad G Ball, Demetrios Demetriades, Ali Salim, Rosemary Kozar, Ajai K Malhotra, Martin Croce, Timothy Fabian, Andrew B Peitzman, Dante Yeh

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objectives: Liver trauma management has evolved over recent decades, shifting from primarily operative to algorithmic approaches incorporating initial non-operative management alongside operative intervention for severe injuries. Inconsistent core outcome measures between studies hamper meaningful clinical research and evidence synthesis. This study aimed to develop a core outcome set (COS) for liver trauma research to standardize outcome reporting and improve study comparability.

Methods: A modified Delphi consensus methodology after COMET (Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials) and COS-STAD (Core Outcome Set-Standards for Development) guidelines was employed and twenty trauma surgery experts were recruited through purposive sampling of high-impact publications and professional …

Pulmonary Hypertension Associated With Interstitial Lung Diseases, Arun Jose, Namita Sood, Jean M Elwing, Bindu Akkanti, Abubakr Bajwa, Roberto Bernardo, Rodolfo A Estrada, Munish Sharma, Francisco J Soto, Adriano R Tonelli, Divya Verma, Janine Vintch, Sandeep Sahay, Oksana A Shlobin

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a term encompassing a wide array of pulmonary conditions characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the pulmonary parenchyma. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is frequently encountered in patients with fibrotic ILDs and poses unique difficulties for both diagnosis and management. Patients with ILD-associated pulmonary hypertension (ILD-PH) are complex, often ailing and presenting with multiple comorbidities whose individual contributions to the underlying PH can be challenging to disentangle. Evidence supporting treatment with PH-specific medications in ILD-PH is limited. This edition of "How I Do It" presents a longitudinal case-based discussion of ILD-PH to address these challenges, highlight pearls …

Evaluation Of Prophylactic Egd Versus Beta Blockade In Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients On Anti-Angiogenic Cancer Treatments, Panayiotis D Kontoyiannis, Camila Ayerbe, Kok Hoe Chan, Sara Soliman, Victor Machicao, Julie H Rowe

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

No Groundwater, No Fish: The Critical Role Of Groundwater In Supporting Non-Glacial, Salmon-Bearing Rivers In South-Central Alaska, Tyelyn Brigino, Kai Rains, Edgar Guerron-Orejuela, Jacob Argueta, Syverine Bentz, Coowe Walker, Mark Rains

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

Groundwater discharge plays an important role in the hydrologic and ecologic functioning of rivers including sustaining streamflow and related habitat year-round. Simultaneously, groundwater supports the increasing demands of people as the global population continues to grow. Balancing the needs of users becomes increasingly important as climate change introduces greater uncertainty in water resources and fisheries, especially for economically important anadromous species that depend on freshwater resources. We investigated the seasonal and regional variability of groundwater contributions to six non-glacial mainstem salmon-bearing rivers in south-central Alaska. We hypothesized that groundwater contributes more than half of the annual streamflow, and nearly all …

Integrative Multi-Omics Profiling Identifies Infiltrative Hepatocellular Carcinoma As An Immunotherapy-Resistant Subtype With Distinct Molecular Features, Won Suk Lee, Seonjeong Woo, Sung Hwan Lee, Gae Hoon Jo, Ilhwan Kim, Hyeyeong Kim, Chansik An, Sanghoon Jung, Gwangil Kim, Haeyoun Kang, Beodeul Kang, Jung Sun Kim, Ho Yeong Lim, Incheon Kang, Hannah Yang, So Jung Kong, Dahyeon Son, Dong Jun Shin, Woo Young Kwon, Da-Yeon Lee, Ju-Seog Lee, Junho Park, Youngsoo Kim, Sohyun Hwang, Chan Kim, Hong Jae Chon

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background/aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) exhibits substantial morphological and biological heterogeneity. Clinical and molecular relevance of the infiltrative subtype remains poorly defined in the context of cancer immunotherapy. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact and molecular features of infiltrative HCC in patients treated with first-line atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Ate/Bev).

Methods: We included 307 patients with advanced HCC treated with Ate/Bev and classified them into four gross morphological types based on imaging. Multi-omics profiling was conducted on tumor samples. Type IV infiltrative signature was derived and externally validated using five independent HCC cohorts, including IMbrave150.

Results: Infiltrative morphology, encompassing pure and …

Engineering Mutation Clones In Mammalian Cells With Crispr/Cas9, Zijun Huo, Jian Tu, Rachel Shoemaker, Dung-Fang Lee, Ruiying Zhao

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

CRISPR, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat, as a powerful genome engineering system, has been widely accepted and employed in gene editing of a vast range of cell types. Compared to zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) or transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), CRISPR shows a less complicated process and higher efficiency. With the development of different CRISPR systems, it can be used not only to knock out a gene but also to make precise modifications, activate or repress target genes with epigenetic modifications, and even for genome wide screening. Here we will describe the procedure of generating a stable cell line …

Public Coastal Access At Risk: Integrating Social And Environmental Data To Assess Vulnerability To Sea Level Rise, Nathaniel Merrill, Nathan Vinhateiro, Emi Uchida, Jesse Reiblich, Elin Torell, Sarah Schechter, Leah Feldman, Claudia Weitman, Drew Powell

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

Sea level rise poses significant risks to coastal infrastructure and recreational activities, limiting public coastal access. In this study, we evaluate the current use and measure the recreational value of coastal access areas in Bristol County, Rhode Island, while assessing the vulnerability of those areas to rising sea levels. By combining measurements of non-market economic value derived from cellular device location data with modeled future sea level projections, we quantify the economic value at risk under different inundation scenarios. We produce site-level results, which provide context and quantifiable measurements of social value that can guide prioritization of mitigation strategies to …

Acceptability, Usability, And Clinical Integration Of A Clinic-Based Digital Game For Hpv Education: Qualitative Perspectives From Adolescents, Parents, And Healthcare Providers, Elizabeth Reifsnider, Satya Subedi, Nouran Ghonaim, Megan Whaley, Angela Chia-Chen Chen

Ellmer School of Nursing Faculty Publications

Background/Objectives: HPV vaccination is safe, effective, and recommended at ages 11–12, yet uptake remains suboptimal. Serious video games may offer an innovative strategy to deliver brief, engaging education during clinic visits. This qualitative paper, embedded within a mixed-methods study, examined adolescents’, parents’, and healthcare providers’ (HCPs’) perceptions of the acceptability, usability, and perceived clinical applicability of HPV Detective, a tablet-based digital game designed to provide HPV-related education to parent–child dyads during pediatric clinic wait times. Methods: Eight adolescent–parent dyads (N = 16) and three HCPs from university-affiliated pediatric clinics participated in 30–60-min semi-structured Zoom interviews. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and …

Organized Sports-Based Interventions And Motor Outcomes In Children Diagnosed With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review, Kailash Ram, Maeren Hill, Caitlyn Stewart, Kaitlin P. Hardy Md, Sonia Khurana

Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty Publications

Aim

To evaluate the effectiveness of organized sports-based interventions on motor outcomes in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Method

Four databases were searched from inception to November 2025 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized controlled trials (NRCTs) reporting motor outcomes of organized sports-based interventions in children with ASD. Risk of bias was evaluated using ROB-2 (Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, Version Two) for RCTs and ROBINS-I (Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies - of Interventions) for NRCTs.

Results

Eleven studies (six RCTs, five NRCTs) were included and categorized as martial arts (n = 5), aquatic training (n = …

Poly(A) Probe Hcr Rna-Fish Specifically Marks Pyriform Nurse Cells In The Brown Anole Lizard Ovary, Zoe B Griffin, Bonnie K Kircher, Richard R Behringer

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Hybridization chain reaction RNA-fluorescent in situ hybridization (HCR RNA-FISH) is a powerful and increasingly used method for visualizing gene expression in cells and tissues. A probe set against polyadenylated RNA (poly(A)) is often used as a positive control for RNA integrity and staining quality. While optimizing this technique in the ovary of the brown anole lizard (Anolis sagrei), we found that the poly(A) probe produced a strikingly specific and intense signal in pyriform cells, a specialized lizard-specific nurse cell type. This staining pattern was found in both whole-mount samples and paraffin sections, suggesting that poly(A) signal intensity can serve as …

Uncertainty-Guided Test-Time Optimization For Personalizing Segmentation Models In Longitudinal Medical Imaging, Jaehee Chun, Austin Castelo, Mckell Woodland, Caleb O'Connor, Mais Al Taie, Mohamed Eltaher, Aashish Gupta, Bilel Daoud, Shanli Ding, Jeddy Bennett, Anirban Maitra, Matthew A Firpo, Kimberly Kirkwood, Eugene J Koay, Kristy K Brock

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Accurate and consistent image segmentation across longitudinal scans is essential in many clinical applications, including surveillance, treatment monitoring, and adaptive interventions. While personalized model adaptation using patient-specific prior scans has shown promise, current approaches typically rely on fixed training durations and lack mechanisms to determine optimal stopping points on a per-patient basis, particularly in the absence of validation labels.

Purpose: We propose an uncertainty-guided test-time optimization (TTO) framework that dynamically adjusts the personalization duration for each patient using a validation-free stopping criterion based on predictive uncertainty.

Methods: Our framework personalizes a generalized segmentation model using patient-specific prior imaging and …

Contralateral Breast Cancer After Radiotherapy And Hormone Therapy In Two Cohorts Of Us Breast Cancer Survivors, Lene H S Veiga, Gretchen L Gierach, Susan A Smith, Rebecca M Howell, Matthew M Mille, Monjoy Saha, Rochelle E Curtis, Cody Ramin, Clara Bodelon, Heather Spencer Feigelson, Erin J Aiello Bowles, Diana S M Buist, Sheila Weinmann, Jacqueline B Vo, Choonsik Lee, Amy Berrington De Gonzalez

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Radiotherapy increases contralateral breast cancer risk, while hormone therapy reduces it; their combined effects are unclear.

Methods: Data from two US retrospective cohort studies of 5-year breast cancer survivors (stage I-III, ages 20-84), Kaiser Permanente (KP, 1990-2012) and SEER (1990-2013), were analysed. Contralateral breast radiation doses were estimated for the KP cohort. Multivariable Poisson regression estimated relative risks (RRs) and excess relative risks per Gray (ERR/Gy), stratified by hormone therapy use.

Results: KP cohort (n = 9053) included 353 contralateral breast cancer cases (73% ER+); SEER cohort (n = 244,834) included 10,470 cases (72% ER+). Among women with ER+ …

Host Modulation Therapy In Periodontitis: From Established Therapies To Emerging Technologies, Aonjittra Phanrungsuwan, Jiaqi Huang, Neeraja Dharmaraj, Alejandra Cobos Perez, Omid Veiseh, Simon Young, Chun-Teh Lee

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Periodontitis is a biofilm-induced chronic inflammatory disease, characterized by gingival inflammation and alveolar bone loss. According to a national survey, approximately half of the U.S. adults are affected by periodontal disease. To effectively prevent and treat periodontitis, it is essential to address its underlying causes. The primary etiological factors include polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis of the oral microbiota, and a dysregulated immune response. The standard therapeutic approach, mechanical removal of biofilm through debridement, sometimes demonstrates limited efficacy, particularly in cases of severe periodontitis, which may require adjunctive or additional therapy. Emerging evidence indicates that periodontal tissue destruction is initiated by …

Nemolizumab As An Alternative Therapeutic Option For Indolent Systemic Mastocytosis, Sezim Minbaeva, Stephen K Tyring

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Indolent systemic mastocytosis (ISM) is a clonal mast cell disorder characterized by recurrent symptoms that can persist despite treatment with antihistamines, leukotriene antagonists, and mast cell stabilizers. Treatment options are limited when symptoms remain refractory, and avapritinib is contraindicated or declined. We describe the case of a 62-year-old female with an 11-year history of ISM who developed worsening pruritus and urticaria despite extensive conservative and biologic therapies, including topical corticosteroids, hydroxyzine, montelukast, omalizumab, and dupilumab. Given her history of stroke, she declined avapritinib. Nemolizumab was initiated with a 60 mg loading dose followed by 30 mg every four weeks. After …

Assessing Water Storage In Northern California Forests, Christopher Gerard Gressierer

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

The climate is changing, with rising temperatures projected to increase vegetation stress and mortality. Precipitation is also expected to become more extreme, with longer dry seasons intensifying droughts, and wetter wet seasons increasing the risk of landslides or floods. Summer baseflows in northern California are declining, and a shift in water availability may alter vegetation communities, resulting in mortality and species composition changes. These trends highlight the need for increased attention and management to be focused on evaluating and maintaining watershed water storage to maintain ecosystem health.

This study estimates water storage capacity using a water balance approach, drawing in …

Factors Influencing Tree Vigor And Structural Failure Along Powerline Corridors In Northern California: A Multi-Species Analysis, David Justin Dorval

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Tree failures (e.g., stem breakage, uprooting, or branch drop) can pose significant risks to public safety, particularly along powerline corridors for the risk of power outages and wildfire ignitions. In California, tree-related powerline failures have led to severe ecological and human costs in recent years. Despite extensive research on tree failure in urban environments and post-disturbance contexts, comparatively little empirical work has examined where powerlines intersect largely unmanaged stands. This study evaluates tree failure trends across multiple forest types in Northern California by examining how tree-level characteristics influence recent growth and failure occurrence in regionally dominant tree species. Specifically, the …

Queering Poetry Workshops, Dobby Morse

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

To what extent do participants report that a poetry workshop builds connections between poets and strengthen their confidence in writing? What do participants want or expect from a poetry workshop?

Through this project I hope to attend and host poetry workshops with an emphasis on the queer community. I will collaborate with campus and community organizations like Queer Humboldt and other organizations that are interested in exploring queer experiences through writing, connection, and meditation. This project will serve as a how-to guide for those seeking to conduct their own workshops.

Skeletal Markers: Interpreting Trauma, Healing, And Survival Through Osteological Remains From Medieval Pomerania, Michael Mulliner-Szyndler

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Traditionally, studies in bioarcheology have cited the presence of individuals with evidence of healed traumatic injuries and certain pathologies as an indication of social care either at the time of the trauma or throughout the individual’s lifetime. Here, I present three case studies of individuals who present with signs of having survived traumatic injuries and related pathologies. These individuals are from a late medieval cemetery in Żelewo, in the historical region of Pomerania in present-day northwestern Poland. The site is associated with the nearby town of Kołbacz, which is home to the oldest Cistercian monastery in Pomerania. This study aims …

Do California Rangeland Healthy Soil Practices Offer Co-Benefits For Grassland Birds?, Ximena O. Gil

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Rangelands are important landscapes in California that support a robust cattle industry and serve as vital grassland habitat for birds. Climate change is projected to impact rangelands, leading to economic and ecological deterioration. In California, the Healthy Soils Program (HSP) incentivizes climate-smart solutions to increase working land resiliency. While the HSP targets soil and range health for livestock, it may also benefit birds. We surveyed rangeland operators to examine whether the implementation and duration of specific range management practices, such as range seeding, prescribed grazing, and silvopasture, are associated with bird community responses, using avian point count data from Point …

Aquatic Habitat Use By Western Toads And American Bullfrogs In California’S Central Valley: Effects Of Local Habitat Characteristics And Landscape Composition, Kaitlyn Breana Hernandez

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Drastic losses of historic wetland habitat in the California Central Valley have caused widespread population declines and extirpations of aquatic breeding amphibians. Efforts to restore wetland habitat have included private land, which represents 70% of land tenure in the Central Valley. Management of these restored wetlands is focused on waterfowl with the assumption that they will provide habitat for native herpetofauna. This study used combined surveys to test the assumption that restored wetlands on private land provide habitat for native amphibians with the western toad (Anaxyrus boreas) as a case study. The objectives were to use environmental DNA …

Early Successional Response To Stream Daylighting In Redwood National And State Parks, Orick, California, Rylee Rawson

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

In-channel stream restoration projects can act as both disturbance and recovery mechanisms, disrupting existing conditions to reestablish the hydrologic and ecological processes that sustain stream ecosystems. These interventions initiate successional trajectories in which channel form and biological communities reorganize over time. In Redwood National and State Parks (California, USA), the Redwoods Rising initiative restores buried headwater channels by recontouring legacy logging roads and daylighting streams buried by Humboldt crossings. Using the National Park Service Klamath Network wadable stream monitoring protocol, I evaluated nine restored reaches spanning one to five years post-restoration, alongside old-growth reference reaches and available pre-treatment data. I …

Forest Management Options For The Wildland Urban Interface: Comparative Analysis Of Stand Development, Economics, And Forest Carbon Over 100 Years In Sierra Nevada Ponderosa Pine, Kassandra A. Mcdaniel

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

This thesis presents a simulation study of various forest stand treatments and their long-term effects on ponderosa pine-dominated forests in the Sierra Nevada Mountain Range of the western USA. The goal was to create recommendations for forest management in the wildland urban interface (WUI) of the Tahoe National Forest and other locations with similar conditions. This study simulates current United States Forest Service (USFS) - Truckee Ranger District silvicultural treatment alternatives repeated over a 100-year period using the USFS Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS). Proposed treatment alternatives include restoration, resilience, transition, conservation, and no management. Treatments are to be compared in …

Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) Response To Habitat Restoration Through Space And Time: Monitoring Growth, Survival, And Movement In A Restored Habitat Network, Carter Perez Adamson

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Despite the decline of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), Prairie Creek, a tributary of Redwood Creek in northern California, remains a coho salmon stronghold. The restoration of juvenile coho rearing habitat was identified as a recovery objective in this watershed by the National Marine Fisheries Service. Among the restoration projects addressing this objective are an ongoing project on Prairie Creek and its tributary Skunk Cabbage Creek, and a prior effort on Strawberry Creek (a tributary of Redwood Creek’s estuary). Standard monitoring methods for assessing project success have limitations and may be improved by measuring salmon use of restored habitats …

Relational Approaches To Fire Resilience: Designing A Living Shaded Fuel Break With Indigenous Knowledge Systems, Natalee Nicole Lopes

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Escalating wildfire severity across California reflects not only changing climatic conditions but also the cumulative impacts of colonial land management systems that have disrupted Indigenous fire stewardship and altered forest structure and function. This project examines how wildfire mitigation infrastructure, specifically linear fuel treatments, such as fuel breaks, can be reimagined through Indigenous relational frameworks of care-based land stewardship. Grounded in Happy Camp (Athithúfvuunupma), California, within the ancestral homelands of the Karuk Tribe along the mid-Klamath River, this research is carried out in collaboration with Karuk knowledge holders, centering Indigenous knowledge systems and priorities.

Using a mixed-methods approach that integrates …

Regeneration And Fuel Loading With Varying Overstory Retention In Redwood Stands 10 Years After Transformation To Multiaged Management, Jud Fisher

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Forest managers using retention forestry in western forests need information on regeneration dynamics and fuel development to design stands that are both productive and fire resilient. This study analyzes 10-year remeasurement data from the Redwood Multiaged Experiment in Jackson Demonstration State Forest, California, comparing regeneration and fuel responses across group selection (GS), aggregated (HA), and dispersed (LD, HD) retention treatments. Target relative density (RD) of the residual stand was zero in GS, 13% in LD, and 21% in HA and HD. Measurements included sprout growth and size of redwood and tanoak, seedling and sprout density, and surface fuel loading.

Redwood …

Effects Of Coaching Interventions On Burnout And Mental Health Outcomes Among Collegiate Athletes: A Meta-Analysis, Natalie Mitchell

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

This meta-analysis examined the effects of coaching interventions on burnout and mental health outcomes among collegiate athletes. Following PRISMA guidelines, literature published from 1980 onward was searched across SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and ProQuest Theses & Dissertations. Studies were included if they assessed burnout, psychological well-being, or related mental health outcomes in collegiate athletes and investigated a coaching intervention. Twelve interventional studies met the inclusion criteria. Across studies, coaching interventions varied in structure, duration, sport context, and cultural setting, with most emphasizing intrapersonal strategies and emotional or mental health outcomes. Meta-analytic results indicated small, non-significant effects favoring …

Can Forest Thinning Activities Be Characterized With Public Data?: Evidence From California’S Million Acre Strategy (2020-2023), Selena Rowan

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Can forest thinning activities be quantitatively described using public data? This study evaluates the feasibility of doing so using geospatial datasets and project-level documentation associated with forest operations tracked under the California Wildfire & Forest Resilience Task Force’s Million Acre Strategy (2020–2023). As fuels reduction efforts expand to address increasing wildfire risk, there is growing demand for detailed information on thinning activity characteristics and associated biomass generation to support management evaluation, biomass utilization, and life-cycle emissions modeling. However, the extent to which existing public data provide sufficient detail to support such analyses remains unclear.

This thesis analyzes forest thinning activities …

Dynamics Of Changes Of Religiosity In Condition Of Crisis Events (Based On The Example Of The Russian-Ukrainian War), Yurii Boreiko, Fedotova Tetiana

Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe

The article analyzes changes in the religiosity of Ukrainians during the Russian-Ukrainian war as a large-scale event. It explores the nature of the connection between the traumatic experience of war and religiosity and determines the trajectory of changes in the religiosity of Ukrainians during the war. It has been established that the Russian-Ukrainian war caused social upheavals accompanied by crises in various spheres of public life. As a large-scale tragic event, the war became a catalyst for changes in self-assessment of faith in God and participation in religious practices. The level of religiosity of Ukrainians during the war was significantly …

The Response Of Diaspora And Religious Institutions On The Refugee Crisis: Case Study Of The Republic Of Croatia, Galyna Sagan Dr., Tetiana Kostiuk Dr.

Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe

This article is dedicated to the multifaceted support that Ukrainian diaspora and Catholic organizations in the Republic of Croatia have been providing to Ukrainian refugees since the full-scale Russian invasion on February 24, 2022. The study details the systemic response of such key religious institutions as the Diocese of Križevci, Caritas and the Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS). Particular attention is paid to integration initiatives, like educational programs developed by the Catholic University of Croatia (HKS), and the provision of spiritual and pastoral care, which remains the unique prerogative of the Church. The study emphasizes coordination between ecclesiastical and state …