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Preventive Health Behaviors Among Vegetable Farmers In Indonesia: An Application Of The Extended Theory Of Planned Behavior, Aria Gusti, Wira Iqbal, Fitrahul Afifah

Journal of Health Research

Background: Farmers in low- and middle-income countries face serious occupational and environmental health risks, including pesticide exposure, musculoskeletal disorders, and skin diseases. In Indonesia, limited evidence exists on the psychosocial factors that shape preventive health behaviors, hindering the design of effective interventions. This study applies an extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) framework to analyze preventive practices among vegetable farmers.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 254 vegetable farmers in Koto Laweh Village, West Sumatra, Indonesia, during July–August 2025. Data were collected using a validated TPB-based questionnaire and analyzed with Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM).

Results: Knowledge …

Hidden Malignancy: Ileocecal Intussusception As An Atypical First Presentation Of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma In Adulthood, Komal Harisinghani, Parth Adrejiya, Mohammad Abubaker, Oluchi Idenyi, Raman Babayeuski, Noor Qureshi, Ashok Kanugula, Sara Assaf, Daniel Assaf, Srikanth Maddika

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

Intussusception is predominantly a pediatric condition, with only about 5% of all intussusception cases occurring in adults with primary intestinal lymphomas comprising 1%–4% of gastrointestinal malignancies, 90% of which are B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common subtype of NHL, often leads to intussusception without classical B symptoms. We present the case of a 33-year-old male with ileocolonic intussusception caused by a 4.8 × 5.3 × 5.5 cm enhancing mass. Histopathology and FISH confirmed DLBCL without MYC, BCL2, or BCL6 rearrangements, ruling out double- or triple-hit lymphoma. Following a right ileo-colectomy, R-CHOP(rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, …

Disguised And Dangerous: A Case Of Cervicofacial Actinomycosis Presenting With Hemoptysis, Tharun Shyam, Shamanth M Reddy, Saumya Nanda, Yan Naing Tun, Rohan Pinto, Navjot Somal, Ravi Karan Patti

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

Actinomycosis is a rare, chronic, suppurative bacterial infection caused by Actinomyces spp with an incidence of 0.3 cases per million people annually. The cervicofacial area is the most common site of infection and accounts for approximately 50 percent of all cases. Most cases of cervicofacial actinomycosis are odontogenic in origin.

Hemoptysis in the setting of actinomycosis commonly occurs from pulmonary involvement. Hemoptysis secondary to isolated cervicofacial actinomycosis has seldom been documented in literature. We hereby present a case of cervicofacial actinomycosis presenting with hemoptysis likely secondary to an oro-cervical fistula. We aim to highlight the challenges in diagnosis of this …

Losartan-Induced Angioedema: A Case Report And Review Of Literature, Leila C. Tou, Audrey Nourse, Rachel Cox, Spencer Stanford

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are frequently prescribed as alternatives to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), particularly in patients who experience ACEI-induced adverse effects including cough. Although ARBs are associated with a lower incidence of angioedema, rare cases have been reported in patients without prior ACEI exposure. Here, we describe a 58-year-old Black male who developed lip and facial swelling six months after starting losartan. His symptoms did not improve with antihistamines or corticosteroids but resolved after discontinuation of losartan, which was replaced with amlodipine without recurrence. This case emphasizes the need for clinician awareness of ARB-induced angioedema and the importance of …

Slipping Through The Chasm Of Multicenter Hand-Offs - Rare Incidence Of Nintedanib Induced Renal Failure: Case Report, Abid Mm, Khan Mi, Jain T, Daniel A, Flack T, Posner J

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

Introduction: Nintedanib, a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), is approved for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). While its common adverse effects include gastrointestinal symptoms and elevated liver enzymes, renal toxicity is rare. We report a case of nintedanib-induced kidney failure. Case: An 82-year-old man with IPF and no prior kidney disease developed acute kidney injury (AKI), nephrotic-range proteinuria, volume overload, metabolic acidosis, and hyperkalemia 10 days after starting nintedanib. Extensive serologic investigations were unremarkable. Kidney biopsy showed acute tubular injury, minimal change disease (MCD), focal global glomerulosclerosis, and interstitial fibrosis. Nintedanib and other potential nephrotoxins were stopped, and the patient was …

A Comparison Of Biological Therapies Vs Traditional Immunosuppressant In The Management Of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Narrative Review, Umme Farwah Tahir Dr, Sadaf Noureen, Fnu Partab, Muhammad Waqas Afzal, Maham Afzal, Asad Mehmood, Fatima Afzal, Kaynat Hasan, Fnu Sameeha, Seerat Riaz, Sumyya Tariq, Abida Perveen

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is a chronic immune-mediated condition requiring long-term management. Traditional immunosuppressants, such as corticosteroids, thiopurines, and methotrexate, have been widely used but are associated with broad immunosuppressive effects and significant adverse events. The advent of biological therapies, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, integrin inhibitors, and interleukin (IL)-12/23 inhibitors, has revolutionized IBD treatment by offering targeted immune modulation. Biologics have demonstrated superior efficacy in achieving and maintaining remission compared to traditional immunosuppressants, particularly in moderate to severe IBD. They provide targeted immune suppression, reducing systemic side effects, but are associated with …

Statin Induced New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus A Narrative Review, Jasvin K Manha, Sumanth Kumar Bandaru

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

Statins are widely used to lower LDL cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease. Although generally safe, there is increasing evidence that they may increase the risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus (NODM). Recent studies show a modest but consistent rise in diabetes risk associated with statin use, especially among individuals with prediabetes, obesity, or other metabolic risk factors. High-intensity statins like atorvastatin and rosuvastatin carry a greater risk compared to agents such as pravastatin or pitavastatin. Proposed mechanisms include increased insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, and changes in hepatic glucose production. Despite the diabetes risk associated with statins, their well-established cardiovascular benefits …

Short Term Outcomes And Resource Utilization In Patients Admitted For Infective Endocarditis Who Develop Pericardial Effusion: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Nameer Ascandar, Sajog Kansakar, Waqas Qureshi, Aakash Patel, Ahmed O. Farooq, Brett Milford, Suman Pasupuleti, Eduardo J. Lazaro

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

Background: Pericardial effusion (PCE) development in the context of infective endocarditis (IE) may negatively impact clinical outcomes leading to intense resource utilization. Limited contemporary studies exist that examine clinical outcomes, resource utilization and readmission rates in patients admitted for IE who develop PCE.

Methods: We utilized the Nationwide Readmissions Database years 2016-2022 to tabulate all adult admissions for IE. We compared clinical outcomes in patients who developed PCE to those who did not. Survey weighted logistic and linear regression analysis was performed to predict in-hospital mortality, clinical outcomes, costs, and 30-day non-elective readmission in association with PCE.

Results: Of an …

A Strategy For Surge Management: Senior Residents On The Admitting Frontlines, Hamza Saifuddin, Oliver Yockey, Rachelle Pichot, Gwendolyn Brainard, Samantha Labay, Michael S. Wang

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

Hospitals adapt to surges in a variety of ways, including expediting admitting and discharge procedures, hiring temporary staff and locums to meet increased demand, and temporarily expanding or creating facilities. To mitigate negative effects associated with surges, a small community-based hospital’s Internal Medicine (IM) residency program and hospitalist program collaborated by shifting senior residents into admitting physician roles with indirect supervision to meet increased surge needs. This shift allowed an admitting attending physician to shift to a newly created rounding service and, on average, the number of rounding services was increased from seven to nine. Over a fifteen-month period (five …

Empowering Residents In Community-Based Internal Medicine Programs: A Structured Framework Integrating Simulation Labs, Ai, And Gamification, Nirmay Sonar, Zaynah Sadiq, Bernie Sergent

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

Community-based internal medicine residencies train nearly half of all U.S. IM residents and are essential for staffing underserved areas. These programs often face educational gaps due to limited resources, faculty development, and procedural training opportunities. We designed a 12-month quality initiative for 27 residents at a small community hospital blending new high-fidelity simulation drills (e.g. in-situ rapid-response and procedural labs), restructured didactics (gamified quizzes, NEJM Resident 360™, HumanDx cases), enhanced orientation (“intern survival guide”), research education, wellness retreats, community outreach and AI-driven, individualized case feedback. New interventions were implemented alongside existing activities, with targeted outcomes including clinical competency, board readiness, …

The Impact Of Patent Forfeiture On Consumer Protection In The Pharmaceutical Sector, Ghizlane El Hamidi

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

The article examines how the forfeiture or loss of patent protection affects consumer protection in the pharmaceutical field. It reviews the role of pharmaceutical patents as mechanisms that secure inventors’ rights while shaping access to medicines and market dynamics. By discussing the evolution of Morocco’s industrial property framework and the balance between public health considerations and private monopoly rights, the paper analyzes the legal consequences of patent termination on consumer interests and regulatory choices.

Evaluating The Dispensing Of Non-Prescription Antibiotics In Baghdad's Community Pharmacies: A Public Health Concern., Ali Azeez Ali Al-Jumaili, Yusr Burhan Ahmed, Hasan Ali Hasan Shubbar, Mina Mohammed Jabbar

Maaen Journal for Medical Sciences

Background: Despite existing regulatory restrictions from the Iraqi Ministry of Health and global guidance from the World Health Organization, the practice of dispensing antibiotics without prescriptions remains prevalent.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of non-prescription antibiotic dispensing in community pharmacies across Iraq and to evaluate pharmacy personnel’s perceptions and practices concerning antimicrobial use.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between January and February 2025, targeting 63 pharmacists working in independent pharmacies across Baghdad and other Iraqi governorates. Data were obtained through a predefined questionnaire administered both in person and online. Descriptive statistics summarized participant demographics and responses, …

The Implications Of Integrating Naturalised Refugees On National Security In Tanzania: Insights From Katumba Old Settlement, Adventina Lauren

Tanzania Journal of Sociology

The threats of flight-related factors of the integrated refugees on Tanzania’s national security have not been given serious attention. The article examined the effect of the 162,156 integrated refugee who fled their country of origin due to ethnic, economic, political, and religious conflicts. The study adopted a case study design mixing both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The data were collected through; a survey, in-depth interviews, direct observation, focus group discussion, and document review. It drew data from a sample of 397 involving both naturalised refugees (IRs) and native Tanzanians (NTs) who have been living in the study area and 31 …

Teachers’ Perceptions Towards Disruptive Behaviours Among Students In Public Secondary Schools In Tanzania, Jonas Kinanda

Tanzania Journal of Sociology

Disruptive behaviours among secondary school students adversely affect students, teachers, parents and community members. This study explores teachers’ perceptions towards disruptive behaviours among students in public secondary schools in Tanzania. This qualitative study involved 50 teachers selected from four public secondary schools from two councils, namely Mwanza City and Ukerewe District, both found in Mwanza Region, Tanzania. Data collection was done through interviews, focus group discussions, and document reviews. The analysis was thematic and MAXQDA. The findings showed that teachers perceived students’ disruptive behaviours as problematic to the teachers, peers, school administrators, parents, and the community at large. This is …

Capitalist Social Relations And The Environment: A Hyena—Baby Gazelle Acquaintance, Nelson Mwesiga Ishengoma

Tanzania Journal of Sociology

Despite playing a critical role in the survival of living beings, several empirical findings all around the world suggest that the planet Earth is now in a perilous state. Whilst acknowledging the influence of several superficial humanistic factors upon which the conventional discourses on the current environmental concerns have long been affixed, this analytical paper contends that such aspects are deficient in comprehending and remedying the problem. Contrarily, attempts to identify the underlying causes and cures of the environmental problem should recognise the modus vivendi of the prevailing capitalistic social relations, which serve as the basis for existing exploitative and …

Nssf Social Health Insurance Benefit (Shib) And Health Care Services: Accessibility And Availability In Tanzania, Leah Natujwa Omari

Tanzania Journal of Sociology

This study is about “Social Health Insurance and accessibility of health care services through National Social Security Fund (NSSF) Health Insurance service in Kinondoni Municipality. The focus of this study was on the ease of accessing health services using the NSSF health insurance, and the beneficiaries’ awareness level since people knew about NHIF and ICHF only. The objective of the study is to examine the accessibility of Social Health Insurance Benefits on health care service to people at Kinondoni Municipality. The study used a qualitative research approach to gather and analyze data from informants. In-depth interview was used to capture …

Pre-Retirement Training Programme: Is It A Panacea For Essential Life Skills To Prospective Retirees?, Geofrey Obed Siao, Boniphace Shimba Francis

Tanzania Journal of Sociology

The paper assessed the effectiveness of pre-retirement training programme in imparting essential life skills to prospective retirees at TANROADS in Dar es Salaam -Tanzania. Guided by the Human Capital Theory, the article specifically examined the kind of life skills covered in the pre-retirement programme at TANROADS and the extent to which pre-retirement training programme at TANROADS enhanced essential life skills to prospective retirees. A descriptive research design using a qualitative approach was used to collect primary data by interviewing 30 TANROAD officers who participated in pre-retirement training, and a focus group discussion was held to prospective retires in order to …

Land Use Cover Changes And Household Livelihoods Adaptation Strategies In Mbulu And Karatu Districts, Tanzania, Leonia John Raphael

Tanzania Journal of Sociology

The interactions between the human and the biophysical factors at different spatial scales have triggered Land Use Cover Changes (LUCC). The study uses both qualitative (indepth interviews and focus group discussions) and quantitative techniques (household survey and spatial data analysis through the use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to acquire information and data for the study. The results have shown that overall LUCC is decelerating in both districts, Mbulu and Karatu across the two-time intervals. In the period between 1987and 2001, cultivation, settlements, wetland, grasslands and bare soils gained at the expense of forest, woodland, bush-land, and water. However, in …

Ukijianika Utaanuliwa’1: Urban Refugees’ Self-Identity Formation And Interpersonal Communication During Dar Es Salaam Acculturation, Judith Judith

Tanzania Journal of Sociology

The research being reported here examined the self-identity formation and communication in the acculturation of urban-based refugees in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Because this refugees’ relationships with the host community are based on their principle of “Ukijianika Utaanuliwa” (If you show yourself, you will be exposed), urban refugees strive to hide their identities during the acculturation process. As they strive to survive in harsh living conditions outside the camps, individuals must work through their identities and develop positive interpersonal contact skills with the host to gain acceptance. Interviews with forty Congolese and Burundian refugees were conducted using targeted group discussions. …

From De-Emphasizing Public Health And Social Measures For Covid-19 To Vaccine Acceptance: An Analysis Of Two Tanzanian Administration’S Responses To Covid-19, Simon Mutebi

Tanzania Journal of Sociology

Recent global public health literature on politics and pandemics has explored the diversity of African political leaders’ responses to COVID-19. In this article, analysis is done of two Tanzanian administrations’ responses to COVID-19 to show how they departed from each other. For instance, the late President John Magufuli’s administration promoted ‘Afrocentric’ medical knowledge, endogenous initiatives, and spiritual prowess while de-emphasizing ‘Western’ biomedical and public health measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19. His successor, President Samia Suluhu Hassan’s administration, however, favoured and promoted public health and social interventions and authorized the importation and use of COVID-19 vaccines in Tanzania. Drawing …

Towards Decolonization Of Evaluation Practices: A Critical Reflection Of Participatory Evaluation Methodologies In Less Developed Countries, Zabron Kengera

Tanzania Journal of Sociology

For many years evaluation practices in less developed countries have been dominated by scientific, top down, quantitative approaches and methodologies. As the result, many evaluation practices in less developed countries have been largely characterized by skewed power relations with poor adoption and utilization of evaluation findings. Several researchers, writers and development professionals agree that participatory evaluation was adopted in Africa and elsewhere in the world as a strategy to address several weaknesses observed in the conventional evaluation practices. Such practices include too much focus on projects and donor funding, lack of inclusion, poor consideration of local variations, lack of transparency, …

Role Of Social Workers In Identifying Challenges And Developing Skills In Children With Learning Disabilities, Trichal Mamta

Tanzania Journal of Sociology

Social work values, ethics, and abilities are crucial for ensuring tailored care and support practice and advocacy based on human rights. For Children with learning disabilities, it is beneficial. The paper focuses on social work skills useful in helping kids with learning disabilities. It describes the main disagreements in the area, such as those over policy and practice. Additionally, it is asserted that social workers are well equipped to do research and engage in clinical treatment that advances social justice and full and meaningful involvement in society. The study's objective is to identify social workers varied supporting and rehabilitative roles …

The Need Of Online Counselling To Enhance Mental Health Among Students In Higher Learning Institutions In Tanzania, Bernadetha Gabriel Rushahu

Tanzania Journal of Sociology

This study aimed to explore the need of online counselling to enhance mental health among students in higher learning institutions. The study employed a qualitative research approach in which 40 participants were involved. These were purposefully selected from two higher learning institutions in Tanzania - 30 were students and 10 were counsellors. In-depth interviews and Focus Group Discussion were used to collect data from the respondents. The findings revealed that through online counselling, it is easy to access psychosocial therapy, maintain privacy, conduct time/cost-friendly therapy, access services, allow freedom of expression as well as allow easy feedback and follow-up. Also, …

The Psychosocial Experiences Of Unintended Pregnancies Among University Students: A Case Of University Of Dar As Salaam Female Students., Emanuel Ismael Maphie

Tanzania Journal of Sociology

Unexpected pregnancies have been reported to increase among youths particularly those in universities. The increase of unintended pregnancies among university students has culminated in a number of challenges including psychological problems. Several studies have been done on the matter but no one has trapped the psychosocial experiences particularly among university female students. The current study aimed to fill this gap by exploring the psychological experiences of unintended pregnancy among female students at the University of Dar as Salaam in Tanzania. A socio-ecological theory applied to sketch and lead the study. To achieve this, the research study used qualitative techniques particularly …

Public Sector Reform In Tanzania: Implementation Of The National Five-Year Development Plan Towards Social Service Provision, Gelas Rubakula

Tanzania Journal of Sociology

Since independence, Tanzania has had a tradition of formulating and implementing long-term and medium-term development plans including the Five-Year Development Plan II (FYDP II) of 2016/17-2020/21. This article aims to assess the implementation of the FYDP II in relation to the provision of social services such as water, health, and education. The empirical question however is whether or not, and to what extent this plan has been implemented. The study thematically analysed secondary data to assess the implementation process. The results show that, to some extent, the implementation was affected by the continued financial dependence on foreign aid and loans, …

Effectiveness Of Electoral Violence Prevention Mechanisms: Insights From Malawi, Rodrick Henry

Tanzania Journal of Sociology

Elections are vital to democracy and democratic consolidation. Ideally, they are peaceful endeavours, allowing voters to express their preferences and winners to take office. However, elections in the Third Wave of democracy often exhibit violence. Election Violence Prevention (EVP) mechanisms have been employed to address conflicts between various actors. Nevertheless, their effectiveness in curbing electoral violence varies across African countries. This paper examines the effectiveness of EVP mechanisms in Malawi, focusing on the Public Affairs Committee, National Initiative for Civic Education, and Multi-party Liaison Committees. The paper argues that EVP mechanisms have been effective in preventing electoral violence. The effectiveness …

Smallholder Orange Farmers’ Access To Market Information In Muheza District, Tanzania, Adolf Julius Mbedule, Hosea N. Mungwabi

Tanzania Journal of Sociology

This study has investigated market information access by smallholder orange farmers in Muheza District, Tanga Region. Specifically, the study sought to examine the extent to which farmers access market information, their sources of information, and whether their age, gender, and level of education influence them. The study used a descriptive research design and a mixed-methods research approach. It involved 103 randomly selected respondents, four key informants and 26 focus group discussion participants divided into two groups, each consisting of 13 participants. To analyze quantitative data, SPSS version 21 was used, and chi-square and logistic regression were run to determine the …

Uncovering Hidden Struggles Among Disaster Survivors In Tanzania: Are They Vulnerable Survivors Or Resilient Victims?, Egidius Kamanyi

Tanzania Journal of Sociology

Understanding experiences of disaster survivors as they struggle to bounce back from disaster-caused traumatic experiences, requires concerted and focused efforts involving scholars and practitioners. Developing countries like Tanzania accommodate people who after crisis end up living in misery and not completely recovering. Notwithstanding, however, those labeled resilient or vulnerable usually simply portray a distorted 'face value' reality of the struggles endured. Using a qualitative approach informed by a Chordal Triad of Agency Conceptualization, the paper’s main objective is to uncover hidden struggles among disaster survivors. By recapitulating on the previous study conducted in Kagera14, I extend the argument based on …

Exploration Of The Child Domestic Workers’ Lived Experiences In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Magolanga Shagembe, Thomas Ndaluka

Tanzania Journal of Sociology

This qualitative study, based on a phenomenological design, explored the lived experiences of child domestic workers aged 15 to 18 years in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Children in this age group are above the national and international legal minimum age for admission into light work. The findings of our study indicated that although domestic work is perceived by the child domestic workers as a method for impoverished children between the ages of 15 and 18 to earn money, get experience, and learn new life skills, it also entails loneliness, challenges in assimilating into an unfamiliar social context, and child sexual …

Even A Scorpion Sting Hurts Just As Much: A Sobering Look At Men As Victims Of Intimate Partner Abuse And Violence, Nelson Mwesiga Ishengoma

Tanzania Journal of Sociology

The subject of intimate violence and abuse has piqued the interest of different groups of people, including psychologists, scholars, and human rights activists over the past 45 years. Even though the epidemiological literature has consistently shown that at least one out of every three people who experience intimate partner violence is a male partner, current initiatives have chosen to ignore this fact. Instead, the phenomenon has been described by most of its advocates as a gender-cockeyed social issue, with a man penned in an “offender” position and a woman in that of a “helpless victim”. Consequently, the exploited man and …