Digital Commons Network^™

The Rescue Of The Us Auto Industry, Module E: Emergency Assistance For Chrysler Financial, Alexander Nye

Journal of Financial Crises

In the fall of 2008, due to the confluence of the Global Financial Crisis and years of structural decline in the auto industry, Chrysler was nearing bankruptcy. Chrysler’s related finance company, Chrysler Financial, was also in dire straits. On December 19, 2008, President Bush announced the Automotive Industry Financing Program and that the US Treasury would extend Chrysler a $4 billion Bridge Loan to give the company time to prepare a viable restructuring plan. Two weeks later, the Treasury arranged $1.5 billion in low-interest financing for Chrysler Financial to fund the securitization of new consumer car loans and the facility …

The Rescue Of The Us Auto Industry, Module C: Restructuring Chrysler Through Bankruptcy, Alexander Nye

Journal of Financial Crises

In late 2008, due to the confluence of the financial crisis and years of structural decline in the auto industry, Chrysler was nearing bankruptcy. The US Treasury provided Chrysler’s owner, Chrysler Holding, with a $4 billion bridge loan and Chrysler’s related finance company, Chrysler Financial, with a $1.5 billion financing program under the Troubled Assets Relief Program (TARP). The government-led restructuring through bankruptcy involved the commitment of roughly $5 billion in debtor-in-possession (DIP) loans from the US Treasury and the Canadian government, under which the US Treasury ultimately lent $1.89 billion, using TARP funds, and Canada lent about $1 billion, …

The Rescue Of The Us Auto Industry, Module A: Automotive Bridge Loans, Alexander Nye

Journal of Financial Crises

In 2008, in the midst of the Global Financial Crisis, America’s Big Three automakers neared their breaking point. Two of them, General Motors (GM) and Chrysler, asked Congress for funding to prevent uncontrolled bankruptcies. Policymakers realized these uncontrolled bankruptcies would damage the manufacturing sector. Congress considered but failed to pass a framework conditioning short-term financing on the companies’ producing acceptable restructuring plans. With the companies warning that they could not survive the coming presidential transition, on December 19, 2008, President George W. Bush announced the Automotive Industry Financing Program (AIFP) under the authority of the Emergency Economic Stability Act (EESA) …

The Rescue Of The Us Auto Industry, Module B: Restructuring General Motors Through Bankruptcy, Kaleb B. Nygaard

Journal of Financial Crises

As the Global Financial Crisis worsened in 2008, credit markets tightened and a broader economic downturn developed, hitting the auto industry particularly hard. The crisis intensified a decade-long decline of the largest US auto manufacturers. Because of its size and importance to the economy, the US government decided to provide assistance to General Motors (GM) to sustain it while it developed plans for its long-term viability. Congress declined to authorize funding for the auto manufacturers, but in December 2008, Treasury provided a bridge loan to GM under the Troubled Assets Relief Program (TARP) to sustain the company until the Obama …

Broad-Based Capital Injection Programs, June Rhee, Junko Oguri, Greg Feldberg, Andrew Metrick

Journal of Financial Crises

This paper surveys 36 broad-based capital injection (BBCI) programs and attempts to identify some best (and worst) practices. We argue that it is crucial to distinguish between programs implemented during acute (“panic”) and chronic (“debt overhang”) phases of a crisis, where the goals of program design should be different. In an acute phase, programs should be designed to influence the behavior of bank counterparties, while in chronic phases, the focus should be on bank behavior itself. With this framing, we identify seven themes to guide program design, and provide many illustrative examples for the policymaker’s tool kit.

Association Of Depression, Anxiety, Loneliness, And Inflammatory Markers In Women Veterans, Solea A. Smith, Karen Saban

Undergraduate Research and Engagement Symposium

The purpose of this study was to examine the association among depressive symptoms, anxiety, loneliness and inflammation in women veterans. Furthermore, to investigate which comes first loneliness or psychological distress, and how this can impact possible interventions.Previous studies have found that psychological distress (depressive symptoms and anxiety) and loneliness are associated with inflammatory markers that can lead to a greater risk of inflammatory-related diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite this evidence, little is known about the relationships among psychological distress, loneliness and markers of inflammation in women veterans, and more specifically the order in which this relationship occurs.

Indoor Air Quality And Its Impact On Low Income Communities, Ty List

Undergraduate Research and Engagement Symposium

This presentation discusses the prevalence of poor indoor air quality and the adverse health effects felt from living in poor indoor air quality. Also discussed is the link between lower income communities and a greater chance of having indoor air quality, and providing progress toward a greener future.

Polyethylene Mediated Photolysis Of Halogenated Flame Retardants In An Aqueous Environment, Claire J. Calhoun

Undergraduate Research and Engagement Symposium

Plastic has become a ubiquitous threat to essentially every corner of the globe due to massive production rates, waste mismanagement, and the polymer’s resistance to degradation (1). Plastic pollution is known to cause numerous harmful ecological effects, such as the leaching or accumulation of toxic additives into wildlife. Such toxins may then rise through the food chain, where they are ultimately consumed by humans (2). These can include persistent organic pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls, and emerging contaminants, such as certain flame retardants, which are ubiquitous endocrine disruptors susceptible to photodegradation (3). The objective of this study is to investigate …

Balsamic Vinegar Reproducibility Study Of Heavy Metal Quantification Method Using Spectral Analysis, Allison Lueders

Undergraduate Research and Engagement Symposium

This project seeks to examine the reproducibility of a previously established method used to quantify heavy metals in organic and inorganic samples. Balsamic vinegar has the potential to contain traces of heavy metals due to its long aging process involving wooden barrels. Therefore, this study will examine heavy metal concentrations in balsamic vinegar samples using the spectroscopic analyte quantification method. Heavy metal analysis is performed using Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (GFAAS) and Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence (TXRF) Spectrometry. The heavy metals copper and magnesium were spiked in balsamic vinegar samples and underwent microwave-assisted acid digestion prior to spectrometric testing.

When Do Cook County Residents Support Calling The Police?, Andrew Byrne

Undergraduate Research and Engagement Symposium

A presentation on what cook county residents believe the role of police in society should be along with an evaluation of how these attitudes differ between different ethno-racial groups and political party identification. Data is presented with tables and regression analysis.

Comparing Aquatic Invertebrate Samples Collected From Chicagoland Waterways To Midwest Biodiversity Institute Waterbody Quality Reports., Madeline Misicka

Undergraduate Research and Engagement Symposium

My project was focused on comparing the field work and research that I completed with Natalia Szklaruk in fall 2021 to the research done by Midwest Biodiversity Institute. The goal was to see if there is a correlation between the health of a waterway, specifically conductivity levels, and the amount of species and taxa present in that area. The process consisted of sampling various waterways in the Chicagoland area, sorting and identifying the species collected, and then researching how our results compared to others and what the implications of this research may be. The results indicated that there is no …

Community-Led Exposure Assessment In Otsego, Michigan, Joely Gonzalez

Undergraduate Research and Engagement Symposium

This project is in collaboration with Mary Zack of Justice for Otsego and the residents of Otsego, Michigan. We believe that community driven research in which academic partners simply provide technical support rather than holding complete control over research, allows community members to reclaim agency and self-efficacy. Following this model, we are looking to address the problem of growing human health concerns in the town of Otsego due to possible exposure to toxicants such as lead, dioxins, furans, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). These toxicant levels will be quantified using mass spectrometry analysis to perform exposure analysis in local venison. The …

Curl’S Research Findings On Englewood Women’S Initiative (Ewi), Andy Estrada, Meredith Farrar

Undergraduate Research and Engagement Symposium

The Englewood Women’s Initiative (EWI) is funded by the Chicago Foundation for Women (CFW) and is made up of 14 community partners that provide a variety of resources for women in the Englewood area, ranging from domestic violence support to job training organizations. Researchers from the Center for Urban Research and Learning (CURL) are seeking ways to help improve EWI. CURL has implemented a tracking system through Airtable. Findings show that over 300 women are currently being served or have been served halfway through year 5 of the initiative. Findings also suggest that there is a need for childcare, mental …

A Novel Endo Gia™ Staple Cartridge For Canine Lung Lobectomies, Alissa St. Blanc

LSU Master's Theses

The canine lungs are well suited for ventilation, gas exchange, and gas transport. In diseased states, changes within bronchi and pulmonary parenchyma alter the blood-gas interface. Diagnostic workups to characterize pulmonary disease may include blood gas analysis, bronchoalveolar lavage, tracheobronchoscopy, radiography and/or computed tomography. Surgical pulmonary diseases include cysts, bullae, and blebs; congenital anomalies; consolidation or abscessation; bronchiectasis; lacerations; lung lobe torsions; and neoplasia. Surgical options may include laceration repair, partial or total lung lobectomy, and pneumonectomy. These options are most commonly utilized in cases that fail medical management. Lung lobectomies were originally performed using suture ligation. Stapling devices have …

Stories Of Building Food Sovereignty In Chicago In Bipoc Communities, Lori Cornelius

Undergraduate Research and Engagement Symposium

The dominant narrative within sustainable food systems largely reflects white experiences and perspectives. BIPOC communities disproportionately suffer from areas where people do not have access to fresh, healthy food and are also excluded from many financial benefits. BIPOC leaders are recreating ecological and social relationships as they produce food for themselves and others in their communities. This research aims to document the experiences and perspectives of BIPOC individuals involved in the Chicago region as urban growers or food business entrepreneurs through narrative interviews. This research also aims to highlight the personal benefits of connecting with nature through urban farming.

Mental Health Popularization Over The Pandemic, Idiake I. Irumundomon

Undergraduate Research and Engagement Symposium

Over the years the view on mental has definitely changed for the better. In years prior anxiety, depression, and number of other mental health issues used to be viewed as weakness and not a real disorder. Within the past ten years, and especially over the course of the pandemic and COVID mental health and the resources accessible to many people are being utilized and the new forms of outreach and policies referred to.

Biodiversity Through The Lens Of Bird Flocks, Grace Whitten, Lucas Ochoa, Brian Thompson

Undergraduate Research and Engagement Symposium

Birds are known bioindicators for ecosystems worldwide. At Inkaterra Reserva Amazónica located in the Madre de Dios region of Perú, it’s no different. Inkaterra Reserva Amazónica is home to over 480 different bird species and frequently engages in bird monitoring. We noted every identifiable species of bird we saw or heard and chose to focus on mixed-species flocks (MSF) of birds to observe biodiversity within one collective group. In our study, we saw a total of 141 species of birds. We saw 4 different MSF with 24 species and ~60 individuals total. By focusing on MSF, we were able to …

Digital Marketing And Consumer Privacy: A Look At Vietnam And Italy, Abby Peterson

Undergraduate Research and Engagement Symposium

This research aimed to measure how aware consumers in both Italy and Vietnam were of the data protection laws in place. It provides a summary of Italian and Vietnamese data protection laws and a survey to understand how consumers understood the protections in place. It provides insight on

Hypertension Is Associated With Adiposity In Middle Age African American Adults, Mikaela Faith Lies

Undergraduate Research and Engagement Symposium

Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs) in Middle Age African-Origin Adults

Mikaela Lies,^a Candice Choo-Kang^a, *Lara R. Dugas^a

^aDepartment of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University, Chicago, IL 60660 USA

email: [email protected] *PI: [email protected]

As populations age, we have seen a significant increase in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) (e.g. hypertension, diabetes, obesity). It is not understood if this rise of NCDs is expected or circumstantial. This longitudinal cohort study investigates the increased prevalence of NCDs with age in African-origin adults within 5 countries of varying economic transition.

2,500 participants of African descent from 5 different countries …

Quantifying Microplastics In Migratory Birds: Loyola University Chicago Campus, Mitchell Mc Greal, Stephen Mitten S.J., Carly Fournier

Undergraduate Research and Engagement Symposium

Each fall and spring seasons, close to 5-million migratory birds use the Mississippi flyway to fly over Chicago as they travel thousands of miles to nesting or wintering grounds. Traveling primarily at night, birds use rest stops throughout North and South America to forage and refuel for their travels. Unfortunately, many birds will perish during this travel due to light pollution coupled with large, glass-covered buildings such as those in Chicago. Loyola’s SOAR program has been collecting and documenting these fatalities for years. Microplastics pose possible health risks to foraging birds, and with the vast expanse of land and water …

The Ethical Implications Of Ineffective Advanced Directive Use, Jennifer Kovalcik, Sohaib Mirza, Ursula Qureshi, Demetrios Kamiotis

Undergraduate Research and Engagement Symposium

A patient, their family members, and their healthcare team all play a role in collectively deciding if and when it is best to withhold or withdraw life-sustaining therapies for a patient in an end-of-life situation. Although in some instances these difficult conversations are able to be held in advance, in many other cases end-of-life care decisions are required to be made in high-pressure situations with less time available due to unforeseen circumstances. Through the practice of narrative medicine, these conversations are especially important when trying to preserve or “hold” a patient's identity for the time that they are alive rather …

Welcome And Goals, Kelli J. Armstrong

Mercy Summit on Equity and Inclusion

No abstract provided.

The Double Bottom Line: Achieving Impact, Achieving Profit By Ramat T. Mohammed, Ramat Tahiru Mohammed

Undergraduate Research and Engagement Symposium

Non-governmental organizations pursue work that is at the intersection of humanitarianism, collective effort, advocacy, and purpose. These organizations expose discrepancies and facilitate solutions. The research problem in this work centers on the operations of non-governmental organizations in Italy and Vietnam. This project explores the junction where altruism and impact meet business and profit. As such, I ask essentially explore an NGO’s approach to sustaining the convergence of growing a business and increasing social change and impact in Italy Vietnam. Prior to this research, I led with the hypothesis that the capitalist-driven global community in which we live has altered the …

Prudential Financial Stock Report, Henri Pfaff

Undergraduate Research and Engagement Symposium

A presentation recommending the purchase of Prudential Financial Inc. common stock in response to a brief report

The Clown Clique, Romil Yadav, Sean M. Mulligan, Robert G. Oliva, David A. Roa, Nicolas Castellanos, Lucas Apparecido

Undergraduate Research and Engagement Symposium

Exercise is a large part of most healthy people's daily lives. As consumers who are concerned with our physical health, our group chose to research the question: what factors of a gym drive the general population to buy a gym membership? This deliverable allows us to survey the general population, particularly those who prioritize an active lifestyle, about their exercise habits and preferences. In addition to this we also intend to collect qualitative data through interview and observations. We did this on the basis of knowing our research goals and questions prior to data collection.

Characterizing Lentic Habitats In Golf Courses And Adjacent Green Spaces Surrounding The Chicago Metropolitan Region: Diversity And Abundance Of Aquatic Insects, Ashriya Ashik Patel

Undergraduate Research and Engagement Symposium

Urban green spaces should be utilized to maximize biodiversity. Golf courses are great examples of urban green spaces with lentic habitats dispersed among them. This study aims to compare the diversity and abundance of macroinvertebrates across permanent golf course ponds, permanent forest preserve ponds, and ephemeral forest preserve ponds across the Chicago Metropolitan region.

Cross-Sectional Examination Of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo, Adhd-Inattentive Symptoms, And Mental Health Diagnoses In College Students, Eva Darow, Mattison Jentz, Blair Martin, Adrian Melendez, Genevieve Roth, Zoe Smith

Undergraduate Research and Engagement Symposium

This cross-sectional study examines the association between sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT), ADHD inattentive symptoms, depression, trauma, and anxiety in college students. To date, limited research has examined SCT and internalizing constructs in college students. We expect to collect self-report data from 100 participants. Data will include SCT, ADHD inattention, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), depression, and anxiety. Bivariate correlations will be examined. All significantly associated variables at the bivariate level will be entered into a regression analysis to examine how SCT is associated with these constructs together. Significant associations would suggest a need to re-evaluate the assessment of SCT.

Social Justice Internship: Catholic Charities Grant Writing, Rebekah Lin Follis

Undergraduate Research and Engagement Symposium

This presentation portrays my experience with the Social Justice Internship Program and my internship with Catholic Charities Grant Writing Department. Grant writing is important to community development and the implementation of social justice services. Through my internship I have been able to improve my writing skills, research skills, and my knowledge of how nonprofit funding truly works.

Physical Fitness Profile Of Air Force Rotc Cadets, Caitlin Tarpey, Aly Rahmatullah

Undergraduate Research and Engagement Symposium

Air Force ROTC cadets engage in physical training each week to keep up with the demand of military lifestyle. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the current fitness status of Air Force ROTC cadets and compare their fitness levels to norms and the data of age and sex matched peers. 20 male Air Force cadets (age of 21.35 ± 1.4 years, height of 176.51 ± 4.16 cm, and weight of 76.15 ± 6.88 kg) participated in this study. To conclude, the ROTC cadets possess an above average fitness level in comparison to the fitness norms.

Implementation Of Technology In Nursing Homes To Combat Psychosocial Effects Of Covid-19, Sarah E. Totta, Regina M. Antonetti, Kaylie N. Burck, Priyali Patel

Undergraduate Research and Engagement Symposium

Because nursing home residents are particularly vulnerable to COVID-19, it is essential to implement significant isolation measures in nursing homes to reduce chances of exposure. While isolation is the best way to keep these individuals safe, there is evidence of negative social and psychological effects. We examine the ethical considerations revolving the decision to isolate nursing home residents, explore the negative social and psychological effects, and propose various technologies that combat these effects. The use of interactive software and video-calling technology proves effective in reducing negative psychosocial symptoms and improves the quality of life for nursing home residents.