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Analyzing Public Transportation Plans To Addressing Traffic Congestions In Developing Countries The Case Study Of The Greater Cairo Region, Hussaen Ali Hasan Kahachi Apr 2026

Analyzing Public Transportation Plans To Addressing Traffic Congestions In Developing Countries The Case Study Of The Greater Cairo Region, Hussaen Ali Hasan Kahachi

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Traffic congestions is one of the main problems for many cities especially in newly urbanizing countries worldwide. The issue of traffic congestions has major impact not only on the planning of the city, but also on many aspects such as residence overall well-being. Governments often try to address this issue through a number of initiatives, most important of which is promoting public transport in order to reduce the dependency on private cars in the city. This research analyzed state-led public transportation initiatives impact on addressing traffic congestion in developing countries through a case study of the Greater Cairo Region in …

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Constraints Of Green Buildings In Iraqi Cities, Nabil Taha Ismael, Abdul Hussain Ali Hussain Apr 2026

Constraints Of Green Buildings In Iraqi Cities, Nabil Taha Ismael, Abdul Hussain Ali Hussain

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

The construction and buildings sector are one of the most energy-consuming sectors, accounting for one-third of the world's total energy consumption and one-third of the world's CO2 emissions, this leads to environmental, health and psychological damages for humans and society, with an increase in other urban problems in city. This is result of reliance on fossil fuels, construction materials and excessive consumption of natural resources that cause an increase in greenhouse gas emissions. Concept of green buildings has emerged with sustainable trends in fields of architecture and urban planning. It is considered an integrated architecture with environment and nature. It …

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The Role Of Standards In Hospitals’ Buildings Adaptation: Al-Falluja Teaching Hospital As Case Study, Mustafa Kamil Kadhim, Rasha Noori Ahmed Apr 2026

The Role Of Standards In Hospitals’ Buildings Adaptation: Al-Falluja Teaching Hospital As Case Study, Mustafa Kamil Kadhim, Rasha Noori Ahmed

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Previous studies have shown adaptation as key requirements of 21st century buildings generally and particularly, in hospitals’ buildings design, which are depend to apply the technical and global standards enable them to keeping up the development, and be respond to all changes happened with the evolution. While the war and the security deterioration are important factors that effect of hospital performance largely, and make it to exposure the functional and spatial obsolescence, and through that the research was founded lack of studies that focused on the concept of adaptation in the healthcare facilities, that identified the problem as (Lack of …

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The Schematic Thought Of Cities Beyond The Hermann Theory, Tuqa Raad Alrobaee, Ibrahim Jawad Kadhim Al-Yousif Apr 2026

The Schematic Thought Of Cities Beyond The Hermann Theory, Tuqa Raad Alrobaee, Ibrahim Jawad Kadhim Al-Yousif

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

The research focuses on one of the important theories on the human brain, how to understand the nature of human thinking and predict its behavior, Hermann's theory, by introducing a new philosophical vision, looking for the center in Herman's model, Called the inner senses as adopted by the philosopher Ibn Sina. Thus, the research problem summarized as follows: the absence of a center in Hermann's model of organizing and coordination between the four parts of his brain that he proposed. The research adopted the hypothesis that there is a close relationship between the inner senses as proposed by Ibn Sina …

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Pedestrian Friendly Environment In Residential Complexes Case Study Erbil, Sanaa Sati Abbas, Asmaa Omar Al.Talib Apr 2026

Pedestrian Friendly Environment In Residential Complexes Case Study Erbil, Sanaa Sati Abbas, Asmaa Omar Al.Talib

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

This paper studies the concept of Pedestrian Friendly Environment in Residential complexes. It's defined it as (an environment that posses number of design and social characteristics, such as safety, vitality, connected and accessible. Also interesting, comfortable, through good design of pedestrian axes, mixed use and sustainable transportation. The research problem is that (there is a knowledge gap about the characteristics of this environment, and its treatment in residential complexes locally .The research hypothesis is that (The Pedestrian Friendly Environment in Residential complexes materialized through, planning dimensions, design and environmental characteristics and treatments). The paper found that the aim of pedestrian …

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The Contemporary Affordable Housing The Principles Of Contemporary Affordable Housing In Residential Buildings, Rana Mazin, Sanaa Sati Abbas Apr 2026

The Contemporary Affordable Housing The Principles Of Contemporary Affordable Housing In Residential Buildings, Rana Mazin, Sanaa Sati Abbas

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Affordable Housing represents one of the main attitudes depended universally at the main time, to meet the developed housing need, which reflected on the development of the concept to what is called now the contemporary affordable housing which must be differentiated from the traditional affordable housing and determine its privacy according to architectural special thesis, and that brings research problem "there is a gap about the role of contemporary affordable housing principles in the development of residential in general and local projects". The research determined the main items reflected to the concept, which are represented by the contemporary affordable housing …

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Extended Restorative Spaces: Restaurants As A Case Study, Hind Abdul Safaa Aldeen Hameed Al Shahiry, Shamael Mohammed Wajeeh Al Dabbagh Apr 2026

Extended Restorative Spaces: Restaurants As A Case Study, Hind Abdul Safaa Aldeen Hameed Al Shahiry, Shamael Mohammed Wajeeh Al Dabbagh

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Stress and tension are considered among the most important characteristics of today's modern society, which in turn affect the mental and physical health of the people, it affects negatively mostly on the ability of the person to focus and perform a mentally stressed tasks. in addition to the physical effects such as fatigue and exhaustion, and as a consequence it shows a falter in blood pressure levels, cholesterol and so on. Within such environment, the role of the architect and interior designer becomes more interesting to invest in social spaces and spaces of hospitality as a daily escape to temporary …

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Housing Contribution To Urban Regeneration - A Case Study Of The Welsh Housing Quality Standards (Whqs) And The Can Do Toolkit In Uk Wales, Wajdan Dehaa Abdul Jalil, Hussaen Ali Hasan Kahachi Apr 2026

Housing Contribution To Urban Regeneration - A Case Study Of The Welsh Housing Quality Standards (Whqs) And The Can Do Toolkit In Uk Wales, Wajdan Dehaa Abdul Jalil, Hussaen Ali Hasan Kahachi

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

This research is looking at notion of urban regeneration and housing role on it. the research is structured into two parts; the first part is concerned with defining urban regeneration, its importance, and the and the different factors in academic literature. then it continues by dividing and thoroughly analyzing/discussing the different housing contributions to urban regeneration both directly and indirectly. it will provide critical review of these contributions against future needs and changes. the second part will further evaluate all discussed in the first part in practice through a casestudy of the welsh housing quality standards (whqs) and "the can …

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Employing Natural Lighting Systems Technology In Raising Environmental Efficiency In Educational Buildings, Saif Aldeen Saad Abdul-Hameed, Younis Saleem Apr 2026

Employing Natural Lighting Systems Technology In Raising Environmental Efficiency In Educational Buildings, Saif Aldeen Saad Abdul-Hameed, Younis Saleem

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Studies were carried out to increase dependence on day lighting to illuminate the buildings because of their psychological and health benefits ,and recent research has shown that exposure to artificial lighting for long periods cause health damage. As a result, many modern and sophisticated systems has emerged to introduce day lighting into the building to integrate with the traditional system (windows). These systems are based on advanced technology and can be available at relatively low cost, especially light tubes that integrated with traditional lighting (windows) to light deep spaces. Hence this research introduces new methodology added by using one of …

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Indigenization Text Features In Contemporary Local Architecture, Abbas Ali Hamza Al Greiza, Suaad Khaleel Ibraheem, Arwa Mohammed Mubarak Apr 2026

Indigenization Text Features In Contemporary Local Architecture, Abbas Ali Hamza Al Greiza, Suaad Khaleel Ibraheem, Arwa Mohammed Mubarak

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

The impact of the rapid progress of technology on local architecture features, led the so to chaos in architectural production and lack of harmony with each other, in particular, and with the general context in general, bore with two trends contradictory problematic firstly originality and return to the local architecture values and its assets and the second modernity and liberation of the old and the impossibility of return to the past.Confirmation continuity of civilization would have to come through innovation and Indigenization in the architectural expression and linked to the concepts of modernity, the identity of the concept of a …

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Assesses The Green Infrastructure A Proposed Development Plan For Green Infrastructure To The City Of Kut, Ihsan Jasim Apr 2026

Assesses The Green Infrastructure A Proposed Development Plan For Green Infrastructure To The City Of Kut, Ihsan Jasim

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

The Problems increase dramatically day after day in cities and declining quality of life, Resulting the decline on ecosystems, To address the problems in an integrated manner infrastructure green concepts emerged in the nineties of the last century and spread throughout the world, but there seems to be lack of understanding of green infrastructure in Iraq, as well as the weakness of environmental awareness and the important role of biodiversity for human life, Therefore, the search is trying to address the knowledge gap of this concept, as well as the development of strategies for the development in the city of …

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Urban Agriculture Spaces In Built Environment Analytic Study Of Spatial Properties And Multi-Uses, Rawaa Naom Abbawi, Fatima Fouad Yaseen Apr 2026

Urban Agriculture Spaces In Built Environment Analytic Study Of Spatial Properties And Multi-Uses, Rawaa Naom Abbawi, Fatima Fouad Yaseen

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

The research had taken the concept of urban agriculture as one of the concepts that appeared within the sustainable trends in the city, and because of limited green areas, popular growth, and ongoing neglect to the urban landscape in cities. Moreover, in order to get the essential role of urban agriculture in the city, it requested the need for research in this concept. Therefore, the research problem appeared, as a knowledge need to explore the urban agriculture concept and its applying ability in order to avoid ongoing neglecting of urban landscape in the city. In order to solve the research …

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The Impact Of The Internal Space Elements On The Performance Of Efficiency In The Inpatient Ward, Saad Mohsin Hmoud Apr 2026

The Impact Of The Internal Space Elements On The Performance Of Efficiency In The Inpatient Ward, Saad Mohsin Hmoud

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

The health sector in Iraq is suffering from the absence of keep up with modern trends. At the healing architecture fields which is linked to Building performance of efficiency especially on interior design. That is have physical and psychological effect and impact of the users experience and mechanism of transforming this experience into realty by using elements of internal spaces. Research is based on the perception that is building performance efficiency depend on internal space elements, through patients experience on the surrounding environment in the inpatient wards. Therefore, research problem is cognitive deficiencies on the impact of internal space elements …

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The Effect Of Moisturizing Treatment Of Wind-Catcher On Internal Thermal Environment, Miqdad Haidar Al-Jawadi, Ali Farhan Darwish Apr 2026

The Effect Of Moisturizing Treatment Of Wind-Catcher On Internal Thermal Environment, Miqdad Haidar Al-Jawadi, Ali Farhan Darwish

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Wind-catchers in traditional architecture in Iraq were small in dimensions, where their horizontal cross section and their largest section did not exceed 0.20 square meters. AS a result, architects abandoned their use in modern building designs, especially after electric fans made available and adopted in buildings. Due to the importance of natural air on human health and as natural air is rich in refreshing negative ions that artificial ventilation lacks, which is usually charged with positive ions, causing drowsiness and depression. New large wind-catchers of more than 2 square meters in cross section were employed by the author in house …

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Concept Of The Sense Of Control For Wellness Supportive Design [Theory In The Interior Spaces Of Senior Living], Shamael Mohammed Wajeeh Al Dabbagh, Sarah Alaa Baqer Bayram Apr 2026

Concept Of The Sense Of Control For Wellness Supportive Design [Theory In The Interior Spaces Of Senior Living], Shamael Mohammed Wajeeh Al Dabbagh, Sarah Alaa Baqer Bayram

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Seniors represent an important category in any society being one of the most important institutions of community, Architects, planners, psychologists and sociologists have taken into account major considerations when designing the interior spaces in health institutions to help reinforce a curing environment. The research problem identified by the lack of a clear perception of the concept of sense of control within social support of supportive wellness design theory, in relation to internal space elements and their role in promoting recovery within the atmosphere of the internal environment of the elderly residence, the main hypothesis of the research, which were represented …

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Effective Cost Management Indicators For Economical Housing Projects, Safaaaldeen Ali, Suaad Khaleel Ibraheem, Mohamed Saeed Mousa Apr 2026

Effective Cost Management Indicators For Economical Housing Projects, Safaaaldeen Ali, Suaad Khaleel Ibraheem, Mohamed Saeed Mousa

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

The total cost management for economic housing projects at the design stage and before constructing is the best way to reduce the gap between the annual income of low-income people and the dwelling cost in order to reach the financial ability of the beneficiaries of projects, theoretical studies have produced several mechanisms for total cost management of project (such as rationing, eliminating ،alternatives and minimum limit standard. we cannot get a successful management without indicators to measure the success of these mechanisms in reducing the cost of the project, and from here we can determine the research problem (unclear vision …

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Deterioration In The Centers Of Historic Towns The Case Study : The Residential Environment For The Ancient Of Kut City, Sabeeh L Farhan Apr 2026

Deterioration In The Centers Of Historic Towns The Case Study : The Residential Environment For The Ancient Of Kut City, Sabeeh L Farhan

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

This research deals with the subject of deterioration of the urban environment of housing in the historic center of the old city in Kut which impacts negatively on the social characteristics and health of the population that represents the research problem. So, the aim of the research is to build a knowledgeable base to the phenomenon of deterioration of the urban environment of housing in the historic city centers, and was the most important findings of the research , environmental degradation Urban housing in the study area for there are suffering of humidity and lack of exposure to the sun …

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Sustainability Of Infrastructure For Iraqi City Analytical Study For Baghdad City, Shaimaa Mutashar Hamza Apr 2026

Sustainability Of Infrastructure For Iraqi City Analytical Study For Baghdad City, Shaimaa Mutashar Hamza

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

The infrastructure is an important element in the growth and development of the city;they determine the city optimum size.When the city's infrastructure is efficient the city is efficient, and competitive with other cities, and linked with modern information systems. The infrastructure system of the city, mainly overlap with each other to provide a better human life, so the city must be efficient economically and socially integrated. Environmentally must be capable to protect itself. The concepts of sustainability have many dimensions ,economic, social, and environmental their purpose the human being.Sustainability have emerged in many fields, including infrastructure and relied on the …

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Developing Green Infrastructure For Baghdad City, Najeel Kamal Abdul Razzaq, Mayasa Farkad Abdul Raheem Apr 2026

Developing Green Infrastructure For Baghdad City, Najeel Kamal Abdul Razzaq, Mayasa Farkad Abdul Raheem

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

The public green spaces in Baghdad city have an obvious shortage and doesn’t fulfill and meet the needs of the population and the required open space criteria, moreover these green spaces are disjointed, disconnected and does not function as a unified system, that is why it suffers from neglect which contributes to deterioration of the city’s environment and increasing air pollution. Human beings depended on nature into providing clean air and good health, with the growth of the population and the urban areas, there has been negative influence on the natural environmental system. A new term lately appeared “Green Infrastructure”especially …

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Effectiveness Of Sustainable Urban Projects In The City Of Baghdad A Comparative Study Of Sustainable Development Projects In Adhamiya And Kadhimiya District, Wadhah Abdul Sahib Hussein, Zaynab Radi Abaas Apr 2026

Effectiveness Of Sustainable Urban Projects In The City Of Baghdad A Comparative Study Of Sustainable Development Projects In Adhamiya And Kadhimiya District, Wadhah Abdul Sahib Hussein, Zaynab Radi Abaas

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

This research comes in an attempt to evaluate and compare between the efficiency of a selected sustainable urban projects from Baghdad city (Al Adhamiya and Al Kadhimiya areas) through applying the criteria ofurban sustainability and compared using SWOT analyses model(represents one strong word: S = strengths, W = weaknesses, O = opportunities, T = threats.), this done by examine the most important strategies which targeted to extrapolate the urban form as a vital sustainable structure, and has become a standard which could measure and evaluate the impact of the application for sustainable criteria. These strategies know as Smart Growth Strategies …

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Sound Environment Of Cities: A Comparison Study For Sound Environment Between Modern And Traditional Urban Fabric In Baghdad City, Susan Abd Hassan Apr 2026

Sound Environment Of Cities: A Comparison Study For Sound Environment Between Modern And Traditional Urban Fabric In Baghdad City, Susan Abd Hassan

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

The sound environment in the Traditional Baghdad city specified with sound elements and relationships between sounds that define human sound environment, and had the greatest impact where natural sounds as human voice, animal and natural sound in addition to the voices of the traditional industries and the old means of transportation.The Recent changes in the traditional urban fabric that accompanied with the requirements of contemporary life. Of transportation, machinery and various industries affected in the structure of the traditional Baghdad urban fabric and Incision straight roads to the movement of vehicles and concentration height buildings on both sides of these …

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The Application Of Fengshuiin The Design Of Contemporary Architecture And Its Environment, Areej Kareem Al-Sadkhan, Lena Auday Hatem Apr 2026

The Application Of Fengshuiin The Design Of Contemporary Architecture And Its Environment, Areej Kareem Al-Sadkhan, Lena Auday Hatem

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

This research discuss a scientific vision about the natural components of the environment and its effect on the urban environment and human in particular, all this will be discussed within the framework of an ancient discipline known in China as the art to determine the best conditions for the construction of buildings or development of cities, called "FengShui".It is a practical technique, designed to find the right place, good direction, good shape, good proportion and good arrangement for designing the best environment in which to live. "FengShui" is a mean of assessing the environment and provides the techniques for local …

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Urban Form Types And Some Related Social Problems Of Multistorey Housing In Britain And The Gulf, Emad Mushtaha, Muhammed Arar, Faisal Hameed Apr 2026

Urban Form Types And Some Related Social Problems Of Multistorey Housing In Britain And The Gulf, Emad Mushtaha, Muhammed Arar, Faisal Hameed

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

The urban expansion of the Gulf cities included many multi-storey housing projects of urban form types similar to those built in Britain during the post Second Wold War period of reconstruction. According to the literature, these types of urban form are associated with a number of social problems in relation to the health of some residents, anti-social behaviour of some youngsters, and some types of crime. The aim of this research is to identify the types of urban form in the context of the British built environment and to conduct a pilot study to investigate the presence of social problems …

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Humanization Of Arabic Islamic Architecture Architecture Between Needs Requirement & Ideal Theorization, Abdullah Saadoon Salman Almaamoori Apr 2026

Humanization Of Arabic Islamic Architecture Architecture Between Needs Requirement & Ideal Theorization, Abdullah Saadoon Salman Almaamoori

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Architecture is the content of human events, it is the most important products through history with all its structure of the formal elements, relations between them and the regulations governing the organization of space and movement patterns and formations that form the lives of their inhabitants to achieve the highest performance of the material without displacing the local building techniques and modern engineering into account the rules and the investment component of the site in order to find the structure of architectural humanism the surrounding elements of the natural environment to achieve the requirements basic, so the architecture is the …

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The Health Architecture, Miqdad Haidar Al-Jawadi, Ibtisam Sami Muhammed Apr 2026

The Health Architecture, Miqdad Haidar Al-Jawadi, Ibtisam Sami Muhammed

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

No abstract provided.

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Frontmatter, Case Western Reserve University School Of Law Apr 2026

Frontmatter, Case Western Reserve University School Of Law

Health Matrix: The Journal of Law-Medicine

No abstract provided.

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Incentivizing Bidirectional Ev Charging Stations, Luke Warkall Apr 2026

Incentivizing Bidirectional Ev Charging Stations, Luke Warkall

Health Matrix: The Journal of Law-Medicine

California recently enacted a law that gives the California Energy Commission authority to require that Electric Vehicles (“EVs”) sold in California be capable of bidirectional charging. A bidirectional EV is capable of sending energy stored in the EV battery to a person’s home and to the grid. Bidirectional EVs are a novel step in the right direction in the global fight against climate change. They offer a substantial and mobile power source to communities recovering from natural disasters and can offset the demand for nonrenewable energy consumption by storing solar, wind and other renewable energy, then sending that energy back …

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Right To Life, Right To Arms: Conservative States' Antithetical Approaches To Abortion And Gun Laws, Kristen Mehalko Apr 2026

Right To Life, Right To Arms: Conservative States' Antithetical Approaches To Abortion And Gun Laws, Kristen Mehalko

Health Matrix: The Journal of Law-Medicine

Following Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization and New York State Rifle & Pistol Association v. Bruen, twelve states enacted total abortion bans while simultaneously maintaining among the weakest gun safety laws in the nation. This Note explores the policy contradiction inherent in this approach: states invoking fetal life protection experience gun death rates substantially exceeding national averages, with firearms becoming the leading cause of death for children in these jurisdictions. The Note reveals how these states employ divergent strategies across two policy domains. Abortion restrictions receive vigorous enforcement through criminal statutes and private liability mechanisms, whereas gun regulations face …

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Volume 36 Cover, Case Western Reserve University School Of Law Apr 2026

Volume 36 Cover, Case Western Reserve University School Of Law

Health Matrix: The Journal of Law-Medicine

No abstract provided.

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Waking Up From The Resident Duty-Hour Nightmare, Olivia Jack Apr 2026

Waking Up From The Resident Duty-Hour Nightmare, Olivia Jack

Health Matrix: The Journal of Law-Medicine

Lengthy, grueling hours have long been the tradition for physicians-in-training, but resident exhaustion is a threat to patient and resident safety in the United States. This Note outlines the historical development of resident duty-hour regulation and examines the political and professional forces that continue to shape the current system. It argues that the current accreditation-based approach, that nearly all states rely on, inadequately protects residents and patients. This Note proposes several legislative and regulatory solutions, but suggests that in this moment of history, states are uniquely positioned to fill the regulatory gap. Such solutions include mandatory automated duty-hour tracking, regular …

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