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Improving Students’ Generative Ai Literacy: A Single Workshop Can Improve Confidence And Understanding, Miriam Sullivan, Michael Mcauley, Danielle Degiorgio, Paul Mclaughlan

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

With the emergence of generative artificial intelligence (genAI), it has become increasingly important to ensure that students are equipped with AI literacy to use these tools effectively and appropriately. We ran a 90-minute, optional workshop for students to demonstrate how to use genAI in the assessment process appropriately. By the end of the workshop, participants felt significantly more confident in using genAI, had more intentions to use genAI, and understood the University’s genAI policy better. The types of genAI use that participants envisioned shifted from general academic and life uses to specific, acceptable uses for learning. Students could identify some …

Prevalent Chronic Infections Modulate T-Cell Phenotypes And Functions Enhancing Hiv Susceptibility, Dissemination, And Persistence In African Population, Thomas F. Marandu, Mkunde S. Chachage

Tanzania Journal of Science

While many studies have associated HIV prevalence with socio-economic status, few have explored the host's immunity status prior to HIV infection. High HIV prevalence in Africa may in part be contributed by a high prevalence of other persistent infections that modulate the host immunity towards phenotypes that promote HIV acquisition. In this narrative review, we examined how four most prevalent pathogens in Africa (human papillomavirus, herpesviruses, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and helminth infections) modulate immunity to favor their survival and in turn, also influence HIV acquisition. We have described how these pathogens expand the number of memory and activated T cells, increase …

Enhancing Tumor Classification Through Machine Learning Algorithms For Breast Cancer Diagnosis, Lawrence Agbota, Edmund F. Agyemang, Priscilla Kissi-Appiah, Lateef Moshood, Akua Osei- Nkwantabisa, Vincent Agbenyeavu, Abraham Nsiah, Augustina Adjei

School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications

In cancer diagnosis, machine learning helps improve cancer detection by providing doctors with a second perspective and allowing for faster and more accurate determination and decisions. Numerous studies have used both classic machine learning approaches and deep learning to address cancer classification. In this study, we examine the efficacy of five commonly used machine learning algorithms; both traditional and deep learning models namely, Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree and Deep Neural Networks (DNN). We analyze their ability to properly classify tumors as Benign or Malignant using the Wisconsin breast cancer dataset (WBCD). Random Forest …

Echo Rehabilitation Project: The Context For Developing System Partner Collaboration To Overcome Challenges In Rural Community Neurological Rehabilitation Provision, Angela Gibbon

South West Clinical School Journal

#400WORDS: RESEARCH + ACTION

Implementing The New Multi-Professional Practice Based Research Capabilities Framework, Frazer Underwood

South West Clinical School Journal

Editorial

The Chief Nurse Research Fellowship: My Clinical Academic Experience, Lucy Yarnold

South West Clinical School Journal

No abstract provided.

Levels Of Aflatoxins In Selected Spices Marketed In Dar Es Salaam And Zanzibar, Tanzania, Khadija S Ali, Clarence A Mgina, Kessy F Kilulya

Tanzania Journal of Science

Aflatoxins are produced by fungi species known as Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus which invade crops like maize, oilseeds, and spices. This study investigated the levels of aflatoxins in four selected types of spices marketed in Dar es Salaam and Zanzibar in Tanzania to determine the incidence of human exposure to aflatoxin through the consumption of spices as food additives. A total of 72 samples of selected spices (25 cinnamon, 16 ginger, 20 cloves, and 11 mixed spices) were collected from farms (Zanzibar), markets and stores in Dar es Salaam and Zanzibar. Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2, and total aflatoxins …

Investigation Of A Choke Valve Erosion In The Gas Lifted Systems, Kaindi Mandilindi, Simon I Marandu

Tanzania Journal of Science

Erosion is one of the common causes of failure in subsea operations. However, erosion of subsea systems has many patterns, trends and uncertainties. This has led to production losses due to the failure of prediction of the useful life of the components in the gas lifted system. This work experimentally studied the effect of flow rate and pressure variations on the erosion of the choke valve in the gas lifted system by using flow streams containing either liquid or liquid injected with gas. Cameras installed on both sides of the erosion box captured images of the probe after every one …

Acute Toxicity Assessment Of Centella Asiatica And Bidens Pilosa Aqueous Crude Leaf Extracts In Pregnant Rat Model, Emmanuel J. Michael, James P. Lissu, Cyprian Mpinda, Flora Stephano

Tanzania Journal of Science

There is little information on the safety of using traditional medicines during pregnancy. The current study assessed the safety of aqueous crude leaf extracts from two medicinal plants; Centella asiatica L. and Bidens pilosa L. in pregnant rats. Acute toxicity was evaluated by administering a single dose of plant extracts to pregnant rats at three standard doses of 1000, 2000 and 5000 mg/kg for 14 days. Distilled water was used as a negative control. Physiological and behavioural responses were assessed at 30 minutes, 1 hour, 4 hours, 12 hours and every other day until gestation day 22. The pregnant rats …

Application Of Time-Varying Mortality Rate Model In Pension System: A Case Of Tanzania, Samya Suleiman, John Andongwisye, Emmanuel E. Sinkwembe, Karl Lundengård

Tanzania Journal of Science

The current increase in the ageing population, driven by a decrease in mortality rates, has impacted most pay-as-you-go defined benefit pension schemes. The resulting increase in the dependency ratio places a greater burden on these schemes. Many pension funds currently use static lifetables to project future obligations, overlooking the gradual decline in mortality rates. This study explores the application of a time-varying mortality rate model to forecast Tanzanian mortality rates. The time-varying model was successfully employed together with multi state method to project and analyse the funding ratio and cashflow to asset value ratio of the mandatory Tanzania Public Service …

Effects Of Coagulant Dosage, Particle Size, And Settling Time On Pond Water Treatment With Cactus Pads And Watermelon Seeds, Mahir M Said, Neema O Msuya

Tanzania Journal of Science

Most Tanzanians who live in villages still struggle to get enough drinking water due to limited supply, so they use pond water for drinking and household purposes. Treatment of this water is crucial especially during the rainy season to reduce its turbidity. The performance of two natural coagulants (i.e., Cactus pads and watermelon seeds) was evaluated in their effectiveness in purifying pond water. The jar test method was used to analyze the effects of coagulant particle size, dosage, and settling time on the treatment of pond water. Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) was used for characterizing the …

Effect Of Increasing Amount Of Sisal Fabric On Density, Compressive Strength And Flexural Strength Of Sisal Fabric Reinforced Concrete Composite, John K Makunza, Arnold N Towo

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study examines the impact of adding plain-woven sisal fibres on the mechanical characteristics of sisal reinforced concrete composites. Analysis of the mechanical strength was done in relation to their density, compressive strength, and flexural strength. The sisal fabric composite matrix contained up to four layers of sisal fabric, which was either NaOH treated or untreated. The properties of sisal fabric reinforced concrete were compared to those of steel reinforced concrete. With addition of layers of sisal fabric, the flexural strength of both NaOH-treated and untreated concrete composites increased to a maximum of 18.2 MPa, which was less than steel …

Performance Evaluation Of The Physical And Combustion Properties Of Faecal Sludge Derived Briquettes Using Different Binding Materials, Alphonce J. Haruna, Richard Kimwaga, Edwin N. Richard

Tanzania Journal of Science

This research aimed at evaluating the performance of faecal sludge briquettes on the quality of briquettes produced in terms physical and combustion properties. Specifically, the research determined the physical and combustion properties of briquette produced from faecal sludge bond with cassava peel, sunflower cake, banana peel and waste paper binders. Physical and combustion properties of the binder materials and briquettes produced were analysed in the Water Resource Engineering laboratory. The laboratory analysis of the combustion properties showed that the Sunflower cake binder had highest calorific value of 16.24 MJ/Kg when compared to other binders including banana peels, cassava peels and …

Effects Of Urea Fertilizer On Yield And Water Productivity Of Amaranthus Viridis In The Tropical Rainforest And The Derived Savanna Of Nigeria, Kabiru A Shittu, Omotayo B Adeboye, Durodoluwa J Oyedele, Abdul-Salam M Murtadha

Tanzania Journal of Science

The experiment was conducted using a lysimeter in June, 2014 in Saki (Derived Savanna) and Ile-Ife (Tropical Rainforest) to determine the crop coefficients and the effects of Urea fertilizer on the yield and water productivity of Amaranthus viridis in Nigeria. The loamy sandy soil in the top 15 cm was sampled, air-dried and analysed. Eighteen (18) kg of the air-dried and sieved soils were weighed into the thirty-two (32) lysimeters. Drill method was used for the sowing and the seeds were spread within 2 cm in the lysimeter. Urea fertilizer was applied at 0, 40, 80 and 160 kg N/ha …

A Non-Invasive Ai-Based System For Precise Grading Of Anosmia In Covid-19 Using Neuroimaging, Hossam Magdy Balaha, Mayada Elgendy, Ahmed Alksas, Mohamed Shehata, Norah Saleh Alghamdi, Fatma Taher, Mohammed Ghazal, Mahitab Ghoneim, Eslam Hamed Abdou, Fatma Sherif, Ahmed Elgarayhi, Mohammed Sallah, Mohamed Abdelbadie Salem, Elsharawy Kamal, Harpal Sandhu, Ayman El-Baz

All Works

COVID-19 (Coronavirus), an acute respiratory disorder, is caused by SARS-CoV-2 (coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome). The high prevalence of COVID-19 infection has drawn attention to a frequent illness symptom: olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. The primary purpose of this manuscript is to create a Computer-Assisted Diagnostic (CAD) system to determine whether a COVID-19 patient has normal, mild, or severe anosmia. To achieve this goal, we used fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (FLAIR-MRI) and Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) to extract the appearance, morphological, and diffusivity markers from the olfactory nerve. The proposed system begins with the identification of the olfactory …

Social Science Research Publication Through The Lens Of Social Responsibility, Maria Caridad Tarroja

Asia-Pacific Social Science Review

No abstract provided.

Best Interests Of The Child In Juvenile Justice: Analysis Of Malaysia, Philippines, And Thailand, Mary Grace C. Agcaoili

Asia-Pacific Social Science Review

The “best interests of the child” (BIC) is the most referenced child rights principle in international law, whereas juvenile justice is the most mentioned topic. This paper examines how countries in Southeast Asia (SEA) interpret BIC in juvenile justice and if their understanding is consistent with the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and other international standards and why. It contends that BIC’s indeterminate use led to misinterpretation of child rights and that BIC interpretation is influenced by several factors found within the socio-cultural and political economy of SEA. Using Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand as case studies …

A Shared Intellect: A Rawlsian Analysis Of Vaccine Patent Protections, Vincent T. Co

Asia-Pacific Social Science Review

One fundamental issue at the forefront of the COVID-19 pandemic is the relationship between access to vaccines and intellectual property rights. The purpose of what follows is to advocate for a cosmopolitan interpretation of John Rawls and his Theory of Justice and apply it to the debate on vaccine patent protections. Using the Philippines and other developing countries as the context of analysis, this paper has one main claim—that the vaccine patent waiver is right in the interest of justice, and patent protections must be waived to achieve justice in the distribution of vaccines. The approach here analyzes Rawls’ theories …

The Fear Of Covid-19 Scale: A Case Of A Filipino Adaptation And Validation Study, Alexie Basileyo, Dennis Erasga

Asia-Pacific Social Science Review

As a significant international health emergency, COVID-19, formerly known as 2019-nCov and later termed SARS-Cov-2 or Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, has introduced a myriad of behavioral, emotional, and social problems, most notably the fear of the virus itself. In response, a team of researchers developed a scale that measures COVID-19-related fear in 2020. Today, however, the scale has not been fully tested among the Filipino population in general. Hence, the present research addressed the situation by adapting and validating the original scale. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and other relevant reliability analyses were employed to assess the scale’s reliability …

Risk Of Vitamin D Deficiency In Smokers: Mix-Method, Amelia Lorensia, Marthy Meliana Ariyanti Jalmav, Zahwa Dhiba, Rivan Virlando Suryadinata

Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia

Cigarettes are one of the leading causes of death in the world and Indonesia. Cigarettes emit cigarette smoke, which contains toxins and has pro-inflammatory properties that interfere the metabolism of vitamin D in the lungs. The study aimed to determine the risk of vitamin D deficiency in active smokers in Rungkut Village, Surabaya City. This research method is a mix-method with a Convergent Parallel Design type strategy, which is a way of collecting quantitative (cross-sectional) and qualitative data (interpretative phenomenological analysis) simultaneously, with purposive sampling technique. The variable was the risk of vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D level. Subjects …

Problems Scanning Related To Stunting Using Iceberg Theory Model In Salakbrojo Village Central Java, Yuniarti Yuniarti, Ristiawati Ristiawati, Dewi Nugraheni Restu Mastuti, Muhammad Fatih

Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia

The prevalence of stunting to date is 21,6%, which is far from target which is 14%. Research aimed to elaborate on problem of stunting using iceberg method model analysis. The research is a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach to obtain idea of stunting occurrence pattern as well as the root of problem. Data was collected by assigning focused group discussion. Correspondents were ten mothers of toddlers, five health cadres, a secretary of rural, and a rural midwife. Validity test was done by doing data source triangulation during focused group discussions. Mental model analysis was taken using directly elicited mental …

Supports And Barriers Regarding The Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation Adherence Level In Anemic Pregnant Women: Indonesian’S Perspective, Rizka Novia Atmadani, Akrom Akrom, Dhea Ananda, Laila Yoga Saputri, Alvina Arum Puspitasari, Siti Urbayatun

Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia

Anemia is a worldwide public health issue that affects various groups in low, middle, and high-income nations. Anemia is linked to pregnancy and is influencing poor cognitive and motor development outcomes in children. A recommended intervention to reduce anemia prevalence during pregnancy is the universal administration of Iron-Folic Acid (IFA) supplements. This study investigated supports and barriers regarding iron-folic acid supplementation adherence levels in pregnant women recorded in public health centers in Malang, Indonesia. This research was conducted using qualitative methods with in-depth interviews using semi-structured open-ended questions from July to September 2023. Twenty-five participants from four public health centers …

Navigating The Storm: Unraveling The Factors Shaping Adolescent Anxiety Amid The Covid-19 Pandemic, Rini Nur Diana, Mamnuah Mamnuah, Dwi Ernawati

Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia

The COVID-19 epidemic has significantly impacted adolescent mental health, particularly in cases of anxiety. The underlying causes, though, are yet unknown. The goal of this study is to identify any potential influences on adolescent anxiety during the COVID-19 epidemic. Cross-sectional time series analysis is the method used in this investigation. The 188 teenagers who made up the study's samples ranged in age from 15 to 18 years old. The sampling method made use of the probability sampling. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire was used as the instrument for gathering the data. Then, univariate, bivariate, and multivariate were used in …

The Analysis Of A Co-Dynamic Ebola And Malaria Transmission Model Using The Laplace Adomian Decomposition Method With Caputo Fractional-Order, Akeem Olarewaju Yunus, Morufu Oyedunsi Olayiwola

Tanzania Journal of Science

The study presents a novel mathematical framework for addressing Ebola and malaria concerns in Sub-Saharan Africa that combines Laplace transformation with Caputo fractional order derivative. It takes into account socioeconomic aspects that influence disease dynamics and uses the basic reproduction number to quantify transmission dynamics. Extensive numerical simulations using Maple 18 software are used to investigate the effect of fractional order derivatives on disease dynamics. It shows how the Laplace-Adomian decomposition approach simplifies nonlinear equations and generates control solutions. It emphasizes the necessity of turning discoveries into concrete plans and encourages stakeholders to be proactive in implementing them. Overall, the …

Assessment Of Bottled Drinking Water Quality, Safety And Community Perceptions In Dodoma City, Tanzania, Jackson H. Katonge, Mussa A. Namangaya

Tanzania Journal of Science

The popularity of bottled drinking water stems from its convenience and purity, driving its rapid growth, but concerns about safety and quality persist. Physicochemical and microbiological parameters of bottled drinking in Dodoma City were evaluated from September to December 2023. Additionally, key informant interviews and questionnaire surveys were conducted with government regulators, producers, and consumers on regulatory frameworks, production processes, and consumer perceptions. Overall, all brands tested were suitable for drinking and met World Health Organization and Tanzania Bureau of Standards guidelines. The total dissolved solids (F = 0.86, p < 0.05), calcium (F = 5.26, p < 0.05) and chloride (F = 0.32, p < 0.05) were significantly different, while other parameters were not (p > 0.05) between measured and labelled values. The total viable and …

Effect Of Post-Harvest Handling Conditions On Polyphenol Content And Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Properties Of Selected Ugandan Sweet Potato Varieties, Agnes Nabubuya, Yusuf Byaruhanga, Ali Mwakha, Judith Narvhus

Tanzania Journal of Science

Sweet potatoes are rich in nutrients, including bioactive compounds like carotenoids and polyphenols. This study provided information on the effect of postharvest handling conditions; curing (direct sunshine) and ambient storage on the total carotenoids, total polyphenols and antioxidant activity of five Ugandan sweet potato varieties. The total carotenoid content was determined following Rodriguez and Kimura's method, while total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity were assessed using Folin-Ciocalteu’s reagent and the FRAP assay, respectively. Findings showed significant variation in total carotenoids, total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of the different sweet potato varieties. There was an increase in total carotenoids in …

Performance Comparison Of Deep Learning Models In Predicting Hiv Incidences In Tanzania, Zaituni Kaijage, Honest Kimaro, Hellen Maziku

Tanzania Journal of Science

Human immunodeficiency virus infection/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a global pandemic that has claimed more than 40 million lives since it was discovered in the late 1970s. In sub-Saharan Africa, including Tanzania. Different measures to combat the diseases have failed to be attained, like the UNAIDS 90-90-90 target, which aimed to reduce HIV by 2020, and it was moved to 2030. The availability of proper tools to control and monitor diseases and ensure proper early intervention is very important. Prediction of disease trends using Machine Learning (ML) models can improve speed towards attaining the UNAIDS targets by providing accurate …

The Safeboosc-Iii Trial And The Future Of Cerebral Oximetry-Guided Interventions In Preterm Infants-Time To Pause And Reset?, Krishna Dummula, Vishal Pandey, Venkatesh Sampath

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Comment on

Cerebral Oximetry Monitoring in Extremely Preterm Infants. N Engl J Med. 2023 Apr 20;388(16):1501-1511. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2207554.PMID: 37075142 Clinical Trial.

The Genealogy Of Turkish Transnational Movement In Indonesia, Dhita Ayomi Purwaningtyas, Yulia Rimapradesi, Achmad Reza Hutama

Journal Of Middle East and Islamic Studies

The majority of transnational Islamic groups in Indonesia come from the Middle East, which emphasizes various missions, such as purification and political ideology, and some others are Salafi-jihadist. Turkish transnational movement's mission mostly is religious da'wah through culture and education without spreading any political ideology, including the Nur Movement, the students of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi. Amid suspicions about the increasingly widespread cases of extremism and radicalism in Indonesia by transnational groups that have brought the antithesis of Indonesian Islam, the Nur Movement has been able to enter and develop. This article analyzes the genealogy and distribution of the Nur Movement …

Comparative Study Of Halal Certification Mechanism: Indonesia, Malaysia And Mexico, Faiz Nur Faiqoh, Nur Fatwa

Journal Of Middle East and Islamic Studies

This research was conducted to examine the handling and procedures for halal certification at halal certification institution in Indonesia, Malaysia as a Muslim-majority country and Mexico as a Muslim-minority country, and to analyze using the SWOT approach. Halal product certification in Indonesia is carried out by the Halal Product Guarantee Agency (BPJPH) under the auspices of the government (Ministry of Religion). The aim is to provide guarantees to the community, especially Muslims from the products consumed. And in Malaysia it is carried out by JAKIM (Department of Islamic Development Malaysia) under the post of prime minister of Malaysia. While in …