Digital Commons Network^™

Correlations Of Physical And Psychological Health In Parents Of Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Norah L. Johnson, Abir K. Bekhet, Emily Zint, June Wang, Sylvia Peña, Amy V. Van Hecke, Mauricio Garnier-Villarreal, Alexander V. Ng

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Background: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have social communication difficulties and restricted, repetitive, and/or sensory behaviors or interests. The prevalence of ASD is now 1 in 36 individuals. Parents of individuals with ASD face challenges that can affect their physical and psychological wellbeing.

Objective: With the long-term goal to tailor an exercise program, the purpose of this study was 2-fold: (1) establish the baseline physical and mental health of parents of individuals with ASD and (2) estimate the relationship of physiologic variables with psychological variables of health for parents of individuals with ASD.

Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study (N …

Gene Expression Networks Regulated By Human Personality, Coral Del Val, Elisa Díaz De La Guardia-Bolívar, Igor Zwir, Pashupati P Mishra, Alberto Mesa, Ramiro Salas, Guillermo F Poblete, Gabriel De Erausquin, Emma Raitoharju, Mika Kähönen, Olli Raitakari, Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen, Terho Lehtimäki, Claude Robert Cloninger

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Genome-wide association studies of human personality have been carried out, but transcription of the whole genome has not been studied in relation to personality in humans. We collected genome-wide expression profiles of adults to characterize the regulation of expression and function in genes related to human personality. We devised an innovative multi-omic approach to network analysis to identify the key control elements and interactions in multi-modular networks. We identified sets of transcribed genes that were co-expressed in specific brain regions with genes known to be associated with personality. Then we identified the minimum networks for the co-localized genes using bioinformatic …

Alcohol Milestones And Internalizing, Externalizing, And Executive Function: Longitudinal And Polygenic Score Associations, Sarah E Paul, David A A Baranger, Joshua J Jackson, Aaron J Gorelik, Alexander S Hatoum, Michael Strube, Andrey P Anokhin, Arpana Agrawal, Kathleen K Bucholz, Ryan Bogdan, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Although the link between alcohol involvement and behavioral phenotypes (e.g. impulsivity, negative affect, executive function [EF]) is well-established, the directionality of these associations, specificity to stages of alcohol involvement, and extent of shared genetic liability remain unclear. We estimate longitudinal associations between transitions among alcohol milestones, behavioral phenotypes, and indices of genetic risk.

METHODS: Data came from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (

RESULTS: Externalizing phenotypes (e.g. conduct disorder symptoms) were associated with future initiation and drinking problems (hazard ratio (HR)⩾1.16). Internalizing (e.g. social anxiety) was associated with hazards for progression from first drink to severe …

Integrating Multisector Molecular Characterization Into Personalized Peptide Vaccine Design For Patients With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma, Tanner M Johanns, Elizabeth A R Garfinkle, Katherine E Miller, Alexandra J Livingstone, Kaleigh F Roberts, Lakshmi P Rao Venkata, Joshua L Dowling, Michael R Chicoine, Ralph G Dacey, Gregory J Zipfel, Albert H Kim, Elaine R Mardis, Gavin P Dunn

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: Outcomes for patients with glioblastoma (GBM) remain poor despite multimodality treatment with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. There are few immunotherapy options due to the lack of tumor immunogenicity. Several clinical trials have reported promising results with cancer vaccines. To date, studies have used data from a single tumor site to identify targetable antigens, but this approach limits the antigen pool and is antithetical to the heterogeneity of GBM. We have implemented multisector sequencing to increase the pool of neoantigens across the GBM genomic landscape that can be incorporated into personalized peptide vaccines called NeoVax.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this …

Il2 Targeted To Cd8+ T Cells Promotes Robust Effector T-Cell Responses And Potent Antitumor Immunity, Kelly D Moynihan, Hussein Sultan, Robert D Schreiber, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IL2 signals pleiotropically on diverse cell types, some of which contribute to therapeutic activity against tumors, whereas others drive undesired activity, such as immunosuppression or toxicity. We explored the theory that targeting of IL2 to CD8+ T cells, which are key antitumor effectors, could enhance its therapeutic index. To this aim, we developed AB248, a CD8 cis-targeted IL2 that demonstrates over 500-fold preference for CD8+ T cells over natural killer and regulatory T cells (Tregs), which may contribute to toxicity and immunosuppression, respectively. AB248 recapitulated IL2's effects on CD8+ T cells in vitro and induced selective expansion of CD8+T cells …

Durable Responses With Mosunetuzumab In Relapsed/Refractory Indolent And Aggressive B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas: Extended Follow-Up Of A Phase I/Ii Study, Lihua E Budde, Nancy L Bartlett, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Survival Disparities In Rural Versus Urban Patients With Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor: A Multi-Institutional Study From The Us Neuroendocrine Tumor Study Group, Muhammad Bilal Mirza, Jordan J Baechle, Paula Marincola Smith, Mary Dillhoff, George Poultsides, Flavio G Rocha, Clifford S Cho, Emily R Winslow, Ryan C Fields, Shishir K Maithel, Kamran Idrees

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (PNETs) are indolent malignancies that often have a prolonged clinical course. This study assesses disparities in outcomes between PNET patients who live in urban (UA) and rural areas (RA).

METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed using the US Neuroendocrine Tumor Study Group database. PNET patients with a home zip code recorded were included and categorized as RA or UA according to the Federal Office of Rural Health Policy. Overall survival (OS) was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, and logistical regression.

RESULTS: Of the 1176 PNET patients in the database, 1126 (96%) had zip code …

Epigenetic Developmental Mechanisms Underlying Sex Differences In Cancer, Joshua B. Rubin, Tamara Abou-Antoun, Joseph E. Ippolito, Lorida Llaci, Camryn T. Marquez, Jason P. Wong, Lihua Yang

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Cancer risk is modulated by hereditary and somatic mutations, exposures, age, sex, and gender. The mechanisms by which sex and gender work alone and in combination with other cancer risk factors remain underexplored. In general, cancers that occur in both the male and female sexes occur more commonly in XY compared with XX individuals, regardless of genetic ancestry, geographic location, and age. Moreover, XY individuals are less frequently cured of their cancers, highlighting the need for a greater understanding of sex and gender effects in oncology. This will be necessary for optimal laboratory and clinical cancer investigations. To that end, …

Tumor-Immune Signatures Of Treatment Resistance To Brentuximab Vedotin With Ipilimumab And/Or Nivolumab In Hodgkin Lymphoma, Edgar Gonzalez-Kozlova, Brad S Kahl, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

UNLABELLED: To investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with targeting CD30-expressing Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and immune checkpoint modulation induced by combination therapies of CTLA4 and PD1, we leveraged Phase 1/2 multicenter open-label trial NCT01896999 that enrolled patients with refractory or relapsed HL (R/R HL). Using peripheral blood, we assessed soluble proteins, cell composition, T-cell clonality, and tumor antigen-specific antibodies in 54 patients enrolled in the phase 1 component of the trial. NCT01896999 reported high (>75%) overall objective response rates with brentuximab vedotin (BV) in combination with ipilimumab (I) and/or nivolumab (N) in patients with R/R HL. We observed …

Suicide In Us Preteens Aged 8 To 12 Years, 2001 To 2022, Donna A Ruch, Lisa M Horowitz, Jennifer L Hughes, Katherine Sarkisian, Joan L Luby, Cynthia A Fontanella, Jeffrey A Bridge

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Matching-Adjusted Indirect Comparison From The Lymphoma Epidemiology Of Outcomes Consortium For Real World Evidence (Leo Crewe) Study To A Clinical Trial Of Mosunetuzumab In Relapsed Or Refractory Follicular Lymphoma, Matthew J. Maurer, Brad S. Kahl, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Mosunetuzumab is a novel bispecific antibody targeting epitopes on CD3 on T cells and CD20 on B cells with the goal of inducing T-cell mediated elimination of malignant B cells. A recent pivotal phase I/II clinical trial (GO29781) demonstrated that mosunetuzumab induced an overall response rate (ORR) of 80%, complete response (CR) rate of 60%, and a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 17.9 months in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) follicular lymphoma (FL) following at least two prior lines of systemic therapy, including alkylator and anti-CD20 antibody-based therapy. Historical data from cohorts receiving therapy for R/R FL can provide some context …

Using Implementation Science To Improve Short Peripheral Intravenous Catheter Outcomes, Mary Hook, Aimee A. Woda, Kelsey Bohr, Cailin Ford, Maharaj Singh

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Short peripheral intravenous catheters (short PIVCs) are commonly used in acute care, guided by evidence-based policy with interventions to limit premature failure. Research on how nurses use evidence and change processes to optimize outcomes is needed. The study objective was to use a theory-based implementation science approach to evaluate and improve short PIVC insertion and care processes and reduce removals for adverse outcomes in acute care. This mixed-methods study was conducted with inpatient nursing units (n = 23) at a large urban quaternary medical center. Units identified and implemented one PIVC care intervention that could lower catheter removals for adverse …

No Difference In Surgical Outcomes Between Stand-Alone Devices And Anterior Plating For 1-2 Level Anterior Cervical Discectomy And Fusion: A 1:1 Exact Matched Analysis, Xu Tao, Abhijith V. Matur, Seth Street, Geet Shukla, Julia Garcia-Vargas, Jay P. Mehta, Kelly Childress, Henry Ofori Duah, Justin Gibson, Daryn Cass, Andrew Wu, Benjamin Motley, Joseph Cheng, Owoicho Adogwa

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Study Design. 

Retrospective cohort.

Objective. 

To compare rates of all-cause surgical and medical complications between zero-profile (ZP; stand-alone) implants versus any graft type with an anterior plate in patients undergoing 1-2 level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) for treatment of degenerative cervical myeloradiculopathy.

Summary of Background Data. 

Degenerative cervical myeloradiculopathy is increasingly prevalent in older adults. ACDF is a common surgical procedure for decompression of neural structures and stabilization and has been shown to have excellent outcomes. Although ACDFs performed with graft and plate have been the gold standard, more recently, ZP implants were developed to decrease implant-related complications, …

Sex Workers’ Experiences Of Screening For Intimate Partner Violence, Jessica L. Zemlak, Kamila A. Alexander, Deborah Wilson, Randi B. Singer, Joni S. Williams, Susan G. Sherman

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Objective

To examine experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) screening among women who sell sex.

Design

A qualitative descriptive study.

Setting

Telephone interviews during the COVID-19 pandemic (June 2020 to October 2020).

Participants

Women aged 18 to 49 years who sold or traded sex for food, drugs, money, or shelter at least three times during the past 3 months before recruitment (N = 22).

Methods

We used individual, semistructured telephone interviews to collect data about participants’ experiences with IPV and IPV screening during health care encounters. We used reflexive thematic analysis to examine these data.

Results

We identified two …

Enabling Cross-Modality Translation Between Single-Cell Rna-Seq And Single-Cell Atac-Seq Through Web-Based Portal, Zhen Lyu, Sabin Dahal, Shuai Zeng, Juexin Wang, Dong Xu, Trupti Joshi

Biomedical Sciences

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in profiling multiomic modalities within individual cells simultaneously. One such example is integrating combined single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data and single-cell transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (scATAC-seq) data. Integrated analysis of diverse modalities has helped researchers make more accurate predictions and gain a more comprehensive understanding than with single-modality analysis. However, generating such multimodal data is technically challenging and expensive, leading to limited availability of single-cell co-assay data. Here, we propose a model for cross-modal prediction between the transcriptome and chromatin profiles in single cells. Our model is based on a deep neural …

Phase 1b Study To Assess The Safety, Tolerability, And Clinical Activity Of Pamiparib In Combination With Temozolomide In Patients With Locally Advanced Or Metastatic Solid Tumors, Agostina Stradella, Haeseong Park, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Pamiparib is a potent, selective, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1/2 inhibitor that demonstrates synthetic lethality in cells with breast cancer susceptibility gene mutations or other homologous recombination deficiency. This two-stage phase 1b study (NCT03150810) assessed pamiparib in combination with temozolomide (TMZ) in adult patients with histologically confirmed locally advanced and metastatic solid tumors.

METHODS: Oral pamiparib 60 mg was administered twice daily. During the dose-escalation stage, increasing doses of TMZ (40-120 mg once daily pulsed or 20-40 mg once daily continuous) were administered to determine the recommended dose to be administered in the dose-expansion stage. The primary objectives were to …

Vaso-Lock For Sutureless Anastomosis In A Pig Arteriovenous Loop Model, Xiaowei Li, Emma R Young, Cameron Martin, Joseph G Ribaudo, Mohamed Zaghloul, Sophia Roberts, Rodrigo Meade, Batool Arif, William R Moritz, Sarah Madira, Jonathon B Schofield, Mohamed A Zayed, Justin M Sacks, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

A vascular anastomosis is a critical surgical skill that involves connecting blood vessels. Traditional handsewn techniques can be challenging and resource intensive. To address these issues, we have developed a unique sutureless anastomotic device called Vaso-Lock. This intraluminal device connects free vascular ends using anchors to maintain traction and enable a rapid anastomosis. We tested the anastomotic capability of Vaso-Locks in a pig common carotid-internal jugular arteriovenous model. The use of Vaso-Lock allowed us to accomplish this procedure in less than 10 min, in contrast to the approximately 40 min required for a handsewn anastomosis. The Vaso-Lock effectively maintained patency …

Replication And Reliability Of Parkinson's Disease Clinical Subtypes, Therese V Cash, Christina N Lessov-Schlaggar, Erin R Foster, Peter S Myers, Joshua J Jackson, Baijayanta Maiti, Paul T Kotzbauer, Joel S Perlmutter, Meghan C Campbell

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: We recently identified three distinct Parkinson's disease subtypes: "motor only" (predominant motor deficits with intact cognition and psychiatric function); "psychiatric & motor" (prominent psychiatric symptoms and moderate motor deficits); "cognitive & motor" (cognitive and motor deficits).

OBJECTIVE: We used an independent cohort to replicate and assess reliability of these Parkinson's disease subtypes.

METHODS: We tested our original subtype classification with an independent cohort (N = 100) of Parkinson's disease participants without dementia and the same comprehensive evaluations assessing motor, cognitive, and psychiatric function. Next, we combined the original (N = 162) and replication (N = 100) datasets to test …

Pharmacokinetic Modeling Of The Effect Of Tariquidar On Ondansetron Disposition Into The Central Nervous System, Manting Chiang, Hyunmoon Back, Jong Bong Lee, Sarah Oh, Tiffany Guo, Simone Girgis, Celine Park, Simon Haroutounian, Leonid Kagan

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: Serotonin (5-HT

METHODS: Ondansetron (10 mg/kg) and tariquidar (7.5 mg/kg) were administered intravenously, plasma and tissue samples were collected and analyzed by HPLC. A mathematical model with brain, spinal cord, cerebrospinal fluid and two systemic disposition compartments was developed to describe the data.

RESULTS: The results demonstrate that tariquidar at 7.5 mg/kg resulted in a complete inhibition of Pgp efflux of ondansetron in the brain and spinal cord. The compartmental model successfully captured pharmacokinetics of ondansetron in wild type and Pgp knockout (KO) animals receiving the drug alone or in wild type animals receiving the ondansetron and tariquidar combination. …

Aqueous Macrophages Contribute To Conserved Ccl2 And Cxcl10 Gradients In Uveitis, Joseph B Lin, Kathryn L Pepple, Christian Concepcion, Yulia Korshunova, Michael A Paley, Grace L Paley, Jennifer Laurent, Rajendra S Apte, Lynn M Hassman

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: Uveitis is a heterogenous group of inflammatory eye disease for which current cytokine-targeted immune therapies are effective for only a subset of patients. We hypothesized that despite pathophysiologic nuances that differentiate individual disease states, all forms of eye inflammation might share common mechanisms for immune cell recruitment. Identifying these mechanisms is critical for developing novel, broadly acting therapeutic strategies.

DESIGN: Experimental study.

SUBJECTS: Biospecimens from patients with active or inactive uveitis and healthy controls.

METHODS: Protein concentration and single cell gene expression were assessed in aqueous fluid biopsies and plasma samples from deidentified patients with uveitis or healthy controls. …

Persistent Transcriptional Changes In Cardiac Adaptive Immune Cells Following Myocardial Infarction: New Evidence From The Re-Analysis Of Publicly Available Single Cell And Nuclei Rna-Sequencing Data Sets, Natasha De Winter, Jiahui Ji, Amalia Sintou, Elvira Forte, Michael Lee, Michela Noseda, Aoxue Li, Andrew L Koenig, Kory J Lavine, Sikander Hayat, Nadia Rosenthal, Costanza Emanueli, Prashant K Srivastava, Susanne Sattler

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Chronic immunopathology contributes to the development of heart failure after a myocardial infarction. Both T and B cells of the adaptive immune system are present in the myocardium and have been suggested to be involved in post-MI immunopathology.

METHODS: We analyzed the B and T cell populations isolated from previously published single cell RNA-sequencing data sets (PMID: 32130914, PMID: 35948637, PMID: 32971526 and PMID: 35926050), of the mouse and human heart, using differential expression analysis, functional enrichment analysis, gene regulatory inferences, and integration with autoimmune and cardiovascular GWAS.

RESULTS: Already at baseline, mature effector B and T cells are …

[18f]F-Arag Imaging Reveals Association Between Neuroinflammation And Brown- And Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue, Jelena Levi, Caroline Guglielmetti, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Brown and brown-like adipose tissues have attracted significant attention for their role in metabolism and therapeutic potential in diabetes and obesity. Despite compelling evidence of an interplay between adipocytes and lymphocytes, the involvement of these tissues in immune responses remains largely unexplored. This study explicates a newfound connection between neuroinflammation and brown- and bone marrow adipose tissue. Leveraging the use of [

Tumor-Informed Deep Sequencing Of Ctdna Detects Minimal Residual Disease And Predicts Relapse In Osteosarcoma, Yiwei Fu, Albert H Kim, Dimitrios Mathios, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Current surveillance modalities of osteosarcoma relapse exhibit limited sensitivity and specificity. Although circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has been established as a biomarker of minimal residual disease (MRD) in many solid tumors, a sensitive ctDNA detection technique has not been thoroughly explored for longitudinal MRD detection in osteosarcoma.

METHODS: From August 2019 to June 2023, 59 patients diagnosed with osteosarcoma at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were evaluated in this study. Tumor-informed MRD panels were developed through whole exome sequencing (WES) of tumor tissues. Longitudinal blood samples were collected during treatment and subjected to multiplex PCR-based next-generation …

Arkansas Corn And Grain Sorghum Research Studies 2023, Jason Kelley, Travis Faske

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

The 2023 edition of the Arkansas Corn and Grain Sorghum Research Studies Series includes research results on topics pertaining to corn and grain sorghum production, including weed, disease, and insect management; economics; irrigation; agronomics; soil fertility; mycotoxins; cover crop management; and research verification program results. Our objective is to capture and broadly distribute the results of research projects funded by the Arkansas Corn and Grain Sorghum Board. The intended audience includes producers and their advisors, current investigators, and future researchers. The Series serves as a citable archive of research results.

The Impact Of Emotional Impulsivity On Emotion Regulation And Internalizing Disorders: Competing Latent Path Models, Alicia L. Milam

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Emotion regulation has been identified as a transdiagnostic risk factor in internalizing disorders. Previous literature has attempted to classify regulatory strategies by their temporal and functional characteristics to determine how to best implement emotion regulation interventions. However, these frameworks occasionally conflict, particularly in the presence of factors impacting regulatory strategy selection such as emotional impulsivity. This project examined competing theoretical models of emotion regulation strategy classification as related to internalizing psychopathology as well as explore the association between emotional impulsivity, regulatory classification and internalizing psychopathology. A community sample of 783 adults recruited through Amazon MTurk completed online questionnaires related to …

Testing A Model Of Ethnic/Racial Discrimination, Ethnic Identity, And Adult Attachment In College Students, Kenneth L. Ayers

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Ethnic/racial minoritized Americans encounter a disproportionate amount of discrimination throughout their lifetime that often has negative effects on their well-being and mental health. Although the impact of discrimination on symptoms of depression and substance use has been widely studied, understanding of the mechanisms through which these associations exist are still largely unknown. From the perspective of the Cultural Development and Psychopathology Framework, the effects of discrimination on psychopathology (i.e., depression symptoms and alcohol use) are likely mitigated by normative developmental processes. One such developmental outcome that has been determined to partially mediate the impact of cultural stressors (i.e., ethnic/racial discrimination) …

Prevalence Of Sexuality Implicit Bias In Entry-Level Dental Hygiene Students – A Pilot Study, Monica Mercedez Drew

Dental Hygiene Theses & Dissertations

Purpose: Bias and discrimination may create barriers and affect the delivery of culturally competent care to sexual minorities. An awareness of biases early in education may promote equitable care and increase the quality of oral healthcare delivered to diverse populations. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of sexuality-implicit attitudes in entry-level dental hygiene students at one university. Methods: This cross-sectional study included a convenience sample of junior and senior dental hygiene students (n=74) and was determined exempt by a university Health Sciences Human Subjects Review Committee (2151633-2). The Implicit Associations Test (IAT) is a validated tool …

Deep Learning In Reproducing Kernel Banach Spaces, Mingsong Yan

Mathematics & Statistics Theses & Dissertations

Deep learning has achieved immense success in the past decade. The goal of this dissertation is to understand deep learning through the framework of reproducing kernel Banach spaces (RKBSs), which were originally proposed for promoting sparse solutions. We begin by considering learning problems in a general functional setting, and establishing explicit and data-dependent representer theorems for both minimal norm interpolation (MNI) problems and regularization problems. These theorems provide a crucial foundation for the subsequent results derived for both sparse learning and deep learning. Next, we investigate the essential properties of RKBSs capable of encouraging sparsity in learning solutions. With the …

Decriminalizing Academia: Black First-Generation Community College Students In Unsatisfactory Academic Standing, Gerome Maurice Bell, Jr.

Educational Leadership & Workforce Development Theses & Dissertations

Community colleges serve as critical access points to higher education for Black students. However, current outcomes suggest that Black students are not being properly served in America’s community colleges. Although well-meaning institutional leaders often create policies and programs aimed at improving success rates for students from marginalized backgrounds, too often, the voices of those directly impacted by the policy are not considered. Consequently, little is known about the lived experiences of Black first-generation community college students, especially those in unsatisfactory academic standing. The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of Black first-generation students on …

Developmental Patterns And Social Determinants Of Adolescent Polysubstance Use Among Connecticut Youth, Jennika K. Jenkins

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Adolescent substance use continues to be a leading health concern in the United States. Although individual substance trends have demonstrated a decrease in use, it seems as if polysubstance use is on the rise among this population. Prior research into adolescent polysubstance use patterns tends to include only commonly used substances (e.g., alcohol, cannabis, tobacco) and neglects prescription drug misuse and illicit substances. Further, subanalyses by grade are typically not completed, leaving a gap in our understanding of developmentally appropriate prevention strategies. The present study utilized 13 substance use indicator variables to estimate substance use patterns among adolescents in grades …