Digital Commons Network^™

Money, Money, Money: Universities, Government Funding, And Academic Freedom, Mary-Rose Papandrea

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

Since the federal government began its large-scale funding of research at the start of World War II, the United States and American universities have been in a mutually beneficial relationship. The federal government has reaped the benefits of countless scientific, social science, and technological discoveries that have promoted national security and served the general welfare. In return, American universities have developed extraordinary research enterprises that are regarded as among the best in the world.

From the outset of this relationship, however, scientists and university administrators expressed concern that federal funding would interfere with institutional autonomy and academic freedom. President Trump’s …

Sharing The Algorithm: The Tax Solution To Generative Ai, Jeremy Bearer-Friend, Sarah Polcz

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

This article argues that tax policy offers a core tool for mitigating the sweeping public policy challenges of generative Artificial Intelligence ("AI"). Specifically, we propose a tax that would allow the public to own a share of AI itself, not just through future income tax liabilities or new excise taxes, but a proposed ownership structure that requires a one-time tax payment by generative AI firms in the form of equity.

Fractional public ownership of AI would directly address four of the key harms of AI that have been well-documented in a deep and still expanding literature. First, many types of …

The Eu Versus The Platforms And The First Amendment: Regulating Online Hate Speech, Dawn C. Nunziato

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

What speech should be allowed on social media platforms—and what speech should be prohibited—is a pressing and timely question. Given the recent changes in major social media platforms’ moderation of harmful speech—with the tacit blessing of a 2024 Supreme Court decision and the Trump Administration—and the European Union’s increased regulation of hateful speech and platform content moderation, a clash of these titans is inevitable.

This Article will examine the underlying forces that brought about these conflicts—including First Amendment, CDA Section 230, international, and EU law governing free expression, hate speech, and platforms’ rights and duties regarding content moderation. It will …

Zoning Report: Colorado, Sara C. Bronin, Scott Markley, Matthew Harris, Diana Drogaris

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

Colorado is rapidly growing and transforming. Since 2020, more than 180,000 new residents have decided to call the state home. While housing construction has kept pace with this influx, home types and geographic distribution have not met the changing needs of Colorado’s diverse households. Indeed, housing is being offered at a cost that many Coloradans cannot afford and located in places that are far from jobs and other opportunities. As a result, the state grapples with a housing affordability gap.

This report, a first-of-its-kind analysis of zoning conditions in Colorado, was developed by the authors, affiliates of the National Zoning …

Whose Burden Is It Anyway? A Comprehensive Proposal To Reshape Food Safety Review By Treating Food As Medicine, Katya S. Cronin

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

With more than sixty percent of U.S. adults struggling with at least one diet-related health condition, the relationship between nutrition and public health has never been clearer. Indeed, for the first time in over a century, food has a prominent place on the national political stage and is one of the exceedingly few issues that has garnered bipartisan support. The recent rise in popularity of "Food Is Medicine" initiatives, which seek to provide medically tailored or healthy meals to vulnerable populations, underscores the critical importance of food to public health. Yet, while "Food Is Medicine" is shifting the insurance, business, …

Frontiers At 50 Oral Histories: Feminist Community, Activism, And Scholarship, Elise Homan, Silvia P. Solis

School of Interdisciplinary Programs & Community Engagement Faculty Publications

As part of the fiftieth anniversary of Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies, the editorial collective at the University of Utah produced an oral history project including interviews with fourteen previous editorial members of the journal. This essay explores the oral histories to highlight the journal's enduring contributions to feminist scholarship, community activism, and grassroots knowledge production. Since 1974, Frontiers has been dedicated to sustaining a collective editorial structure, bridging academic and community experiences, and supporting diversity within feminist publishing. Through tracing a narrative across the oral histories, this essay shares the evolving challenges and successes of sustaining these …

Redesigning Home Reversion Products To Empower Retirement For Singapore's Public Flat Owners, Koon Shing Kwong, Jing Rong Goh, Jordan Jie Xin Lee, Ting Lin Collin Chua

Research Collection School Of Economics

This paper introduces an innovative sell-type home reversion product aimed at monetizing Singapore’s public flats, serving as a new alternative to the existing Singapore Lease Buyback Scheme (LBS). This new product not only retains the LBS’s guaranteed period of residence in the property along with life annuity incomes but also enhances the product features to meet specific homeowner needs, including the ability to age in place, flexibility in retaining part of the property, options for bequests, and guaranteed principal return. By incorporating these additional features, the new product seeks to stimulate greater demand for monetizing public flats among asset-rich but …

Improving The Performance Of Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships For Sustainable Development In Coastal Areas : Sweden (Hanö Bay) As A Case Study, Jennie Larsson

World Maritime University Ph.D. Dissertations

Coastal areas are vital for both ecosystems and human societies. Comprising diverse terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems, coastal areas provide us with essential resources and services. However, these areas are under threat from human activities and climate change, necessitating new governance structures to ensure their sustainable management and conservation. This research investigates how to improve the performance of local multi-stakeholder partnerships (M-SPs) in coastal areas, promoted as key mechanisms for achieving sustainable development goals. By drawing on stakeholder theory and using Pattberg & Widerberg’s (2014) analytical framework with nine building blocks for successful M-SPs as a foundation, the study examined …

A Pocket Park In Kirkwood: Community, Connectivity, And Urban Transformation, Catalina Freixas

Books, Office for Socially Engaged Practice

The course Architecture For Non-Architects [AFNA] is supported by CityStudio STL, Sam Fox School of Design Visual Arts, Washington University in St. Louis.

AFNA is a foundational course that acquaints students with the principles and practices of architectural design. Beginning with a community-based project, the curriculum integrates lectures, readings, and research to guide participants through understanding and shaping the built environment. Field trips play a key role, encouraging active observation and engagement with both the physical site and invested stakeholders.

Cultivating observation is essential to perceiving our surroundings with intention, yet many people view the environment passively, shaped by habits …

Research And Graduate Studies Annual Report, Fiscal Year 2025, Office Of Research And Graduate Studies, Illinois State University

Research and Graduate Studies Annual Report

No abstract provided.

When Open-Source Information Backfires: Satellite Imagery And Privacy Breaches, Matin Pedram, Siena Chandler, Eugenia Georgiades

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

No abstract provided.

The Motives For Mergers And Acquisitions And Their Implications For Research And Practice, Kris Irwin, Craig Armstrong, Paul Drnevich, Mario Schijven

Management Faculty Publications

Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) have long intrigued scholars given their size, complexity, and frequent failure. Despite an extensive body of research on M&A, a key limitation in M&A research is the lack of focus on the motives underpinning acquisitions, which may explain frequent mixed and inconclusive results. Much of the existing literature struggles to fully capture the complex and multifaceted nature of these motives, limiting the ability to draw consistent conclusions. In this paper, we review academic and practical perspectives on M&A motives, highlighting both discrepancies and methodological challenges. Our key contributions include a comparison of theoretical and practical insights, …

Representative National Survey On Drug Use During The Covid-19 Stay-At-Home Order In The Usa, Soo-Hoon Lee, Bernadette Cullen, Alidon Athey, Calliope Holingue, Michelle R. Kaufman, Paul Nestadt, Jack Samuels, Tracy Vannorsdall, Phillip Phan

Management Faculty Publications

Objectives This study explores the drug use behaviour in the US general population in the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic with a focus on the relationship between sociopsychological factors, mobility restrictions from March to June 2020 and mental health conditions.

Design A retrospective anonymous online survey representing a cross-section of the US population in 2020.

Setting A qualified panel of 500 000 Qualtrics participants stratified by gender, race, age and geographical region to represent the US population.

Participants 3340 participants voluntarily consented to respond.

Measures Outcome measure for illicit and non-medical use of prescription drugs based on the National …

Security Enhancement In Aav Swarms: A Case Study Using Federated Learning And Shap Analysis, Sushmitha Halli Sudhakara, Lida Haghnegahdar

School of Cybersecurity Faculty Publications

As cyber-physical systems (CPSs) increasingly integrate physical and digital realms, securing critical infrastructure, such as the Port of Virginia, becomes paramount. Among CPSs, Autonomous Aerial Vehicles (AAVs) are vital for monitoring, communication, and supporting the command and control through remote reconnaissance and surveillance missions. These AAV applications often require coordination, planning, and runtime reconfiguration, traditionally managed by human decision-makers. However, this approach has limitations, as extensively documented in the literature. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a pivotal tool to address these limitations, enhancing risk mitigation and informed decision-making. This research proposes a machine learning (ML) based security mechanism, leveraging …

Long-Term Traffic Prediction Using Deep Learning Long Short-Term Memory, Ange-Lionel Toba, Sameer Kulkarni, Wael Khallouli, Timothy Pennington

School of Cybersecurity Faculty Publications

Traffic conditions are a key factor in our society, contributing to quality of life and the economy, as well as access to professional, educational, and health resources. This emphasizes the need for a reliable road network to facilitate traffic fluidity across the nation and improve mobility. Reaching these characteristics demands good traffic volume prediction methods, not only in the short term but also in the long term, which helps design transportation strategies and road planning. However, most of the research has focused on short-term prediction, applied mostly to short-trip distances, while effective long-term forecasting, which has become a challenging issue …

Health Law: Internet Prescription, Federalism, And The Opioid Crisis, Benjamin A. Barsky

The Judges' Book

No abstract provided.

The Effectiveness Of Tech Support Fraud In Damaging Older Individual’S Financial Security, Vanessa Perera

Theses : Honours

This study discovers the tactics employed to create detrimental effects upon older people impacted from fraudulent tech-support incidents. It examines social engineering, and financial confusion of older people. This is significant considering adaptations towards digital banking and payment management. This research looked at online and active over 65s. Using largely qualitative approaches over 65s were interviewed and responses validated against cyber-professionals’ responses. This identified three key findings: older adults feel confused and misunderstand tech support scams; threat actors build trust by pretending to offer technical help but use this to deceive their victims; and older adults face serious social and …

Swatting Flies: Biting Insects As Non-Invasive Samplers For Mammalian Population Genomics, Anubhab Khan, Ryan Carter, Chengetai D. Mpamhanga, Daniel Masiga, Manun Channumsin, Marc Ciosi, Oliva Manangwa, Furaha Mramba, Umer Zeeshan Ijaz, Harriet Auty, Barbara K. Mable

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Advances in next-generation sequencing have allowed the use of DNA obtained from unusual sources for wildlife studies. However, these samples have been used predominantly to sequence mitochondrial DNA for species identification while population genetics analyses have been rare. Since next-generation sequencing allows indiscriminate detection of all DNA fragments in a sample, technically it should be possible to sequence whole genomes of animals from environmental samples. Here we used a blood-feeding insect, tsetse fly, to target whole genome sequences of wild animals. Using pools of flies, we compared the ability to recover genomic data from hosts using the short-read sequencing (Illumina) …

Aflatoxin Prevalence And Association With Maize Grain Physical And Nutritional Qualities In The Informal Markets In Meru County, Kenya, C. Cherotich, M. W. Okoth, Abong’ Go, S. W. Kariuki, E. R. Omuse

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

In Kenya, aflatoxin contamination in maize remains a persistent issue, with potential negative impacts on both public health and economic growth. Aflatoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by certain mold species, primarily Aspergillus flavus. The extent of Aspergillus fungal invasion in maize grains and the resulting increase in aflatoxin levels is heavily influenced by pre-and post-harvest practices. Before harvest, factors such as insect damage and exposure to warm, humid conditions increase the crop's susceptibility to Aspergillus infection and subsequent aflatoxin formation. Post-harvest, additional risks arise when kernels are damaged by pests like rats or when they are stored in unfavorable …

Cochlear Implantation With Sporadic Inner Ear Schwannomas: Outcomes In 106 Patients From An International Multi-Institutional Study, John P. Marinelli, Torsten Rahne, James R. Dornhoffer, Christine M. Lohse, Justin Cottrell, J. Thomas Roland, Nicholas J. Thompson, Kevin D. Brown, Jacob C. Lucas, Seilesh C. Babu, Nathan R. Lindquist, Elizabeth L. Perkins, Donald Tan, John I. Lane, Jacob B. Hunter, Erin Harvey, Nicholas L. Deep, Samantha Y. Cerasiello, Matthew L. Kircher, Mana Espahbodi, Evan L. Tooker, Niels Cramer West, Per Caye-Thomasen, Matthew L. Carlson, Stefan K. Plontke

Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate cochlear implant speech perception among patients with sporadic inner ear schwannoma who underwent ipsilateral implantation.

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective multi-institutional cohort study.

SETTING: Eleven tertiary academic medical centers across Germany, Denmark, and the United States.

PATIENTS: One hundred six patients with sporadic inner ear schwannoma who received an ipsilateral cochlear implant from 2011 to 2022.

INTERVENTIONS: Ipsilateral cochlear implantation with observation, stereotactic radiosurgery, or microsurgery for tumor management.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Monosyllabic speech perception testing scores and rates of open-set speech perception.

RESULTS: Among 106 patients studied, 101 (95%) achieved open-set speech perception with a median of 24 …

Enhancing Electric Wheelchair Safety Via Battery State Of Charge Estimationwith Pcc–Nssr–Lstm Method, Chi Wing, Alex Tsang, Xiaoying Lu

Department of Construction, Environment and Engineering

This study explores a novel algorithm created to predict the state of charge (SOC) of batteries in electric wheelchairs (EWs) to improve EW safety by adjusting SOC thresholds and reducing consumer range anxiety. It involves collecting experimental data from lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery cells over 1500 cycles at 25◦C, encompassing various parameters. With the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC), a select set of key parameters including voltage, temperature, dQ/dV (capacity increase to voltage increase ratio) are chosen as inputs for non-linear state space reconstruction long short-term memory (NSSR-LSTM) neural networks, facilitating precise SOC predictions. The study showcases the precision of …

Ni/Nb2o5 As A Noble-Metal-Free Catalyst For The Chemical Upcycling Of Waste Polyolefin Plastics, Chi Wing, Alex Tsang

Department of Construction, Environment and Engineering

The resource utilization of waste polyolefin plastics is expected to be achieved through upgrading and reconstruction processes, but the primary scientific challenge lies in the development of efficient and cost-effective catalysts. In this paper, we present Ni nanoparticles supported on Nb₂O₅ with tunable acid sites (Ni/Nb2O5-T) as noble-metal-free catalysts for the upcycling of waste plastics. These catalysts efficiently facilitate a one-pot, solvent-free hydrogenolysis-isomerization of waste plastics, converting them into aromatic-free, highly branched alkane aviation fuels under mild conditions. Notably, the bifunctional Ni/Nb2O5-400 catalyst, characterized by highly dispersed metallic Ni sites and strong Brønsted acid sites, promotes key reactions such as …

Host-Associated Beneficial Gut Microbiota Boosts Induced Immunity And Limits Immune Deployment Costs In Bumblebees, Austin C. Calhoun, Teni Shosanya, Brenna K. Long, Jade K. Rehberger, Ben M. Sadd

Faculty Publications – Biological Sciences

1. Ecological immunology posits that variation in host resistance to infection may be attributed partly to the ecological and evolutionary costs of immunity. While the deployment of immune defence is necessary to combat pathogenic infection, hosts pay energetic and other costs for activation.
2. Host-associated beneficial microbiota have been shown to affect multiple host traits, including immunity, but how interactions with these microbial communities may mitigate the costs of immune activation remains an open question. For apid bees, including eusocial bumblebees, core members of the adult gut microbiota contribute to a variety of fitness-relevant traits and provide a key ecological and evolutionary …

The Art Of Accessing Science, Kyle Mark Trunnell

Honors Program Theses

No abstract provided.

Comparing The Cognitive And Physiological Effects Of Traditional And Virtual Reality Exercise In Overweight/Obese Adults, Emma Kelsey

Honors Program Theses

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Short-Term, High Dosage Creatine Supplementation On Cognitive Measures Following Mental Fatigue In Healthy Young Adults, Olivia Van Meter

Honors Program Theses

No abstract provided.

Attitudes Toward Juvenile Offenders: How Juvenile Justice Personnel Perceive Juvenile Recidivism, Morgan Barnette

Honors Program Theses

This study examined the relationship between juvenile justice personnel and the predictive factors of juvenile recidivism. With rising juvenile crime rates across the country, investigation into the causes of juvenile recidivism has also risen. However, not much research has been dedicated to the way juvenile justice personnel view juvenile recidivism. This study surveyed a sample of six juvenile justice personnel including judges, a lawyer, a probation officer, and a detention officer. The survey explored the types of crimes juveniles are perceived to be committing, the frequency of interactions with repeat offenders juvenile justice personnel are having in their respective professions, …

Language Assessment In Pediatric Speech-Language Pathology, Sierra Kay Buscher

Honors Program Theses

Standardized language assessments of children are commonly used to diagnose language disorders, yet these tools are often normed on a narrow demographic of monolingual, middleclass, white children. This narrow normative data has led to misdiagnosis of children who fall outside of the norm created. Studies highlight how cultural, linguistic, and normative test biases disproportionately affect children who speak non-mainstream dialects, are multilingual, have disabilities, or are from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. The findings of this literature review calls attention to a disconnect between research, policy, and clinical practice, indicating that SLPs rely on standardized assessment tools out of accessibility or in …

Language As Privilege: Socioeconomic Status And The Politics Of Foreign Language Learning, Brenda Koumondji

Honors Program Theses

This study investigates the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and foreign language learning among young adult learners. Much research suggests that parental education level, household income, and access to educational resources significantly shape language learning attitudes and behaviors. However, United States scholars have lagged in this analysis. Through a mixed-methods research approach, this study combines quantitative surveys and qualitative data to gather comprehensive insights on how SES influences foreign language acquisition, motivation, and advantages. Findings reveal that students with higher SES backgrounds consistently report greater access to language learning resources and significantly higher proficiency levels. While parental education might not …

The Influence Of Mental Skills And Social Support During The Injury Rehabilitation Process, Paige Kisley

Honors Program Theses

No abstract provided.