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J Am Coll Dent 2025 91 4 Jan 2025

J Am Coll Dent 2025 91 4

Journal of the American College of Dentists

The Journal of the American College of Dentists (JACD) publishes scholarly articles, editorials, essays, and reflections addressing the ethical, professional, and social dimensions of dentistry. The Journal serves as a forum for advancing ethics, professionalism, leadership, and excellence within the dental community. By fostering dialogue across disciplines and perspectives, JACD provides readers with insights that encourage ethical, professional practice, lifelong learning, and service to the public, reinforcing dentistry’s commitment to advancing oral healthcare and the common good.

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Breaking Down The Silos: Dentistry’S Ethical Responsibility As A Partner In Healthcare, Toni M. Roucka Rn, Dds, Ma, Facd, Scott Tomar Dmd, Drph, Facd Jan 2025

Breaking Down The Silos: Dentistry’S Ethical Responsibility As A Partner In Healthcare, Toni M. Roucka Rn, Dds, Ma, Facd, Scott Tomar Dmd, Drph, Facd

Journal of the American College of Dentists

The Ethics Summit, Breaking Down the Silos: Dentistry’s Ethical Responsibility as a Partner in Healthcare, was held on September 12-13, 2024, in Rockville, Maryland. Sponsored by the American College of Dentists Foundation (ACDF) and the Santa Fe Group (SFG), this issue of the JACD is dedicated to the proceedings of that important event.

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The Role Of Research In Fostering Dentistry’S Partnership In Healthcare, Scott Tomar Dmd, Drph, Facd Jan 2025

The Role Of Research In Fostering Dentistry’S Partnership In Healthcare, Scott Tomar Dmd, Drph, Facd

Journal of the American College of Dentists

In 2000, the landmark report Oral Health in America: A Report of the Surgeon General highlighted the magnitude of oral health disparities in the country and emphasized the importance of oral health for overall well-being, calling for a health infrastructure that effectively integrates oral health into overall health. More than two decades later, dental and oral diseases remain prevalent among parts of the American population, key strategies for disease prevention are under attack, and dentistry remains largely isolated from the rest of the US healthcare system. While many factors need to be addressed to change that status, it is widely …

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From The Archives: Health Service And The Public Jan 2025

From The Archives: Health Service And The Public

Journal of the American College of Dentists

Each issue of the Journal of the American College of Dentists (JACD) features an archival article selected for its continued relevance to contemporary issues in dentistry. This article provides historical context and enduring insights that inform current discussions in the profession.

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Factors Influencing Adherence To Surveillance Guidelines In Individuals With Tuberous Sclerosis Complex, Kashish Khanna Jan 2025

Factors Influencing Adherence To Surveillance Guidelines In Individuals With Tuberous Sclerosis Complex, Kashish Khanna

Theses and Dissertations

Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is a genetic condition that is caused by pathogenic changes in either the TSC1 or TSC2 gene and is characterized by multiple benign tumors, otherwise known as hamartomas, in various organs such as the brain, skin, lungs, and kidneys. Because of the many different clinical manifestations of TSC, extensive surveillance guidelines are recommended for individuals with TSC. Past studies have shown that there has been a gap in knowledge of these surveillance guidelines. These studies also suggest projects that measure adherence to surveillance guidelines and address specific challenges hindering surveillance guideline adherence. This study aims to …

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“Digital Shame Shift”: From Telling The Pain To Recording The Truth — Black Maternal Health And Digital Counter-Narrative Storytelling On Tiktok, Odera Covenant Ezenna Jan 2025

“Digital Shame Shift”: From Telling The Pain To Recording The Truth — Black Maternal Health And Digital Counter-Narrative Storytelling On Tiktok, Odera Covenant Ezenna

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation explores how digital storytelling on TikTok is used to challenge medical racism, with a particular focus on Black maternal health. Guided by Critical Race Theory (CRT) and Critical Technocultural Discourse Analysis (CTDA), the study examines how TikTok users—ranging from Black mothers to healthcare professionals—create and circulate counter-narratives through two prominent campaigns: #BlackMaternalHealthWeek and #BlackMamasMatter. These digital stories serve as acts of resistance, disrupting dominant medical discourse and amplifying the lived experiences of Black birthing individuals. The research analyzes over 2900 TikTok videos posted between 2021 and 2024, identifying key themes, storytelling strategies, and rhetorical shifts over time. The …

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Forming Of Economies Of Wellbeing Through Responsive Practice In Everyday Life, Julie Richardson Jan 2025

Forming Of Economies Of Wellbeing Through Responsive Practice In Everyday Life, Julie Richardson

School of Art, Design and Architecture Theses

In recent years, most Western economies have increasingly focused on the narrow pursuit of economic growth with its unintended and undesirable impacts on the wellbeing of people and planet being well-documented. This has led to the growth in ‘alternative economics’ that addresses these critiques and proposes new economic models. However, alongside these critiques, there is another that questions the modern scientific approach underpinning economics, arguing that it overlooks the importance of lived experience, creating feelings of detachment in the economic practitioner as well as undermining the relevance and effectiveness of economics and policy making. The research develops a more responsive …

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Creative Psychotherapy, Including Art. A Module For Pluralistic Identities And A Case Study From An Artist's Perspective., Amani Alsaad Jan 2025

Creative Psychotherapy, Including Art. A Module For Pluralistic Identities And A Case Study From An Artist's Perspective., Amani Alsaad

School of Art, Design and Architecture Theses

This thesis investigates the complexities of pluralistic identities, focusing on Arab Muslims in non-Muslim countries and Westerners residing in the Arabian Gulf. Grounded in the author’s dual heritage as an Arab Muslim artist and psychological practitioner, this study offers a distinctive perspective informed by lived experience. The author’s unique background, shaped by a Saudi Arabian birthplace and upbringing in the United Kingdom, serves as a foundation for this multidisciplinary research.The study aims to develop a creative psychotherapy module integrating art-making as a therapeutic technique to address the mental health challenges faced by individuals with pluralistic identities. These challenges, arising from …

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Improving Quality Of Life Through Smart Public Transport: The Interplay Of Technological And Non-Technological Approaches In London And Tehran, Shadab Bahreini Jan 2025

Improving Quality Of Life Through Smart Public Transport: The Interplay Of Technological And Non-Technological Approaches In London And Tehran, Shadab Bahreini

School of Art, Design and Architecture Theses

Transportation plays a significant role in shaping quality of life in cities, affecting physical and mental health, socio-economic dynamics, and environmental sustainability. Traffic congestion and air pollution – common consequences of urban traffic – exacerbate these concerns, underscoring the importance of promoting public transport as an environmentally friendly alternative to private vehicle usage. Enhancing the quality of public transportation not only helps retain current users, but also attracts new passengers, ultimately reducing personal car use and its adverse effects in cities. While smart technologies offer opportunities to improve public transport by enhancing comfort, reliability, safety, accessibility, and affordability, the integration …

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Ontological Machines: Subjectivity And Relational Desire In Immersive And Interactive Environments, Toby Chanter Jan 2025

Ontological Machines: Subjectivity And Relational Desire In Immersive And Interactive Environments, Toby Chanter

School of Art, Design and Architecture Theses

This practice-based artistic research focuses on two contemporary spaces; namely the pedagogical spaces of healthcare Simulation Based Education (SBE), and the exhibition spaces of installation art. These seemingly unrelated activities share a range of technological and operational similarities that render their combined study under the banner of ‘immersive and interactive environments’ both novel and necessary. The lack of broad engagement with questions of representation, aesthetics, and affect is conspicuous in an educational practice that is reliant on, and implemented through, a network of overtly visual mediums, material technologies, and sensory modalities. In healthcare SBE, clinical skills are acquired, and medical …

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Grassroots Playwriting : Practice-Led Research Exploring The Impact Of Producing Historical Verse Drama For A Local Community, Chris Savery Jan 2025

Grassroots Playwriting : Practice-Led Research Exploring The Impact Of Producing Historical Verse Drama For A Local Community, Chris Savery

School of Art, Design and Architecture Theses

Christ SaveryGrassroots Playwriting: Practice-led research exploring the Impact of Producing Historical Verse Drama for a local CommunityOver the past thirty years, Practice as Research has contributed to a deeper understanding of theatre ecology, particularly in relation to the complexities and nuances of grassroots community theatre. This study builds upon this body of knowledge by addressing the question: How can the creation and performance of a historical verse drama by a self-producing grassroots playwright serve as a catalyst for community engagement? Central to this thesis is the investigation into my role as a self-producing playwright within the context of grassroots theatre, …

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Un-Framing Transiting Trajectories: A ‘Beyond Disciplinary’ Approach To Curating In The Context Of Art And Science Discourse, Christina Ioanna Kazakou Jan 2025

Un-Framing Transiting Trajectories: A ‘Beyond Disciplinary’ Approach To Curating In The Context Of Art And Science Discourse, Christina Ioanna Kazakou

School of Art, Design and Architecture Theses

Abstract

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The Resistant Body In Sound: Cripping Music Creation Through Technology, Embodiment, And Disability Philosophy, Amble Ysgawen-Skuse Jan 2025

The Resistant Body In Sound: Cripping Music Creation Through Technology, Embodiment, And Disability Philosophy, Amble Ysgawen-Skuse

School of Art, Design and Architecture Theses

We are currently in a period where many music organisations are beginning to engage with disabled artists as a part of their diversity agenda. However, practice seems limited to questions of physical access to spaces and asks little around the philosophies of disability and how that might change the way that we think about working with disabled creatives. If issues of physical access are all that are taken into consideration we risk creating projects which embed ableists assumptions and practices into our disabled music making, which results in negative experiences for disabled artists. In order to make the progression of …

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Federal Laws And On-Campus Supports For Students With Disabilities In Postsecondary Education, Bruce J. Reed, Raquel C. Vasquez, Claudia C. Gonzalez Jan 2025

Federal Laws And On-Campus Supports For Students With Disabilities In Postsecondary Education, Bruce J. Reed, Raquel C. Vasquez, Claudia C. Gonzalez

School of Rehabilitation Services & Counseling Faculty Publications

In the United States, the attainment of a postsecondary degree is seen as an important milestone that leads to a financially rewarding career. College graduates can expect an increase of 75% in lifetime earnings compared to non-college graduates (Kumok & Hahn, 2023). It is estimated that in 2022, 54% of American adults had earned at least a bachelor's degree (Welding, 2023). Estimates vary as to the number of students with disabilities (SWD) attending postsecondary education ranging from 9-19% (Blasey et al., 2023). The true number of college SWD at any one time is unknown as students must self-report and seek …

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Investigation Of Multiple Factors Influencing The Vector-Borne Transmission Of Salmonella Typhimurium Via Blattella Germanica, Landen Sean Van Hulzen Jan 2025

Investigation Of Multiple Factors Influencing The Vector-Borne Transmission Of Salmonella Typhimurium Via Blattella Germanica, Landen Sean Van Hulzen

Dissertations and Theses

The German cockroach (Blattella germanica) is a common urban pest that lives ubiquitously in human structures around the world. German cockroaches are a severe public health threat as they are known carriers and vectors of human pathogens including Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, Shigella spp, and more. German cockroach infestations have been associated with Salmonellosis outbreaks. While mechanical transmission by the German cockroach vector is well known, new research suggests that more nuanced biological transmission has a role in maintaining and transmitting Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). Despite this recent finding, many biological variables influencing vector-borne transmission of S. Typhimurium …

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Investigating Trauma-Informed Practices Impact On Teacher Well-Being And Burnout, Philip Walter Schonebaum Jan 2025

Investigating Trauma-Informed Practices Impact On Teacher Well-Being And Burnout, Philip Walter Schonebaum

Dissertations and Theses

Trauma-informed practices are a way to reduce the negative impacts of trauma without retraumatizing trauma victims (SAMHSA, 2014). Using trauma-informed training for staff, this study herein sought out to examine the overall impacts on utilizing trauma-informed care strategies on teacher well-being and burnout. The action research project, relying on qualitative data collection techniques, was an immersive approach to impact change in the educational landscape of a small, rural school district. Findings showed implementing trauma-informed practices in the school district led to a greater job satisfaction, reduced stress, and a sense of camaraderie with the students within the school. This study …

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Social-Emotional Learning In Out-Of-School Time Settings: A Mixed Methods Investigation Of Perceived Need, Kaitlin Halbert Jan 2025

Social-Emotional Learning In Out-Of-School Time Settings: A Mixed Methods Investigation Of Perceived Need, Kaitlin Halbert

Dissertations and Theses

This study examines the integration of Social and Emotional Learning (SEL) into Out-of-School Time (OOST) settings. It evaluates the perceived need for SEL curricula among OOST professionals, highlights potential benefits and barriers to implementation, and identifies necessary adaptations to tailor these programs for the unique OOST environment. Using a mixed-methods explanatory sequential design, including surveys (BIRS, URP-NEEDS, URP-IR) completed by 115 OOST providers and interviews with 10 providers, the research analyzes both quantitative and qualitative data. The results demonstrate a strong consensus among OOST professionals on the importance and value of SEL, acknowledging its potential to enhance student behavior, social …

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Calcium Carbonate Microparticles As Acid Responsive Targeted Drug Delivery Carriers For Oral Diseases And Its Anti-Bacterial Activity, Hem Raj Joshi Jan 2025

Calcium Carbonate Microparticles As Acid Responsive Targeted Drug Delivery Carriers For Oral Diseases And Its Anti-Bacterial Activity, Hem Raj Joshi

Dissertations and Theses

Dental diseases are mostly caused by bacterial infections in the teeth, forming biofilms that release acids and decay the enamel of the teeth. More than half of the world's population were affected by oral diseases, including periodontitis (gum disease), dental caries (cavities), and oral cancer. Chlorhexidine (CHX) is the mostly used antimicrobial drug for dental diseases, but its overexposure to the healthy teeth causes many side effects, such as tooth staining, taste alteration, and many more. Taking advantage of the acidic environment of infected teeth, we designed a pH responsive targeted drug delivery system using calcium carbonate microparticles (CCMPs) as …

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Convergence In Cancer: Integrative Multi-Modal Modeling For Pan-Cancer Drug Response Prediction, Jessica Zylla Jan 2025

Convergence In Cancer: Integrative Multi-Modal Modeling For Pan-Cancer Drug Response Prediction, Jessica Zylla

Dissertations and Theses

Heterogeneity and rarity can make cancer difficult to study and treat. Cancer's heterogeneity, evident in tumor locations, tumor cell types, subtypes, and microbiota within the tumor microenvironment, complicates diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Research into the tumor microenvironment and its microbiota is an evolving area of oncology that may advance cancer drug-patient response. Cancer-omics signatures are crucial to drug response, yet there is no tool that physicians use as a gold standard. Research indicates that microbial presence can alter drug metabolism and immune response, affecting cancer-drug efficacy on a patient-specific basis. This work highlights the need for training readiness in transdisciplinary …

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American Indian Survivors Of Domestic Violence And Self-Perceived Mental Health After Seeking Domestic Violence Services, Arial Swallow Jan 2025

American Indian Survivors Of Domestic Violence And Self-Perceived Mental Health After Seeking Domestic Violence Services, Arial Swallow

Dissertations and Theses

Domestic violence has long-term impacts on women’s emotional, psychological, and physical health, with American Indian women experiencing disproportionately high rates of violence and face unique barriers in overcoming challenges of healing. As part of a larger study, this research aimed to better understand the healing process of American Indian women domestic violence survivors in rural areas. This study examined findings from a mixed methods approach, which investigated the significance of identifying co-occurring mental health needs and providing support, education, and resources to address these needs. The research utilized a quantitative method of descriptive statistics, identifying survivors who endorsed mental health …

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Your Foot Is Not A Brick: Using A Multi-Segment Foot Model To Explore The Actions Of The Ankle-Foot Complex During Uneven Terrain Gait., Tayler Jon Hoekstra Jan 2025

Your Foot Is Not A Brick: Using A Multi-Segment Foot Model To Explore The Actions Of The Ankle-Foot Complex During Uneven Terrain Gait., Tayler Jon Hoekstra

Dissertations and Theses

The field of biomechanics has seen continued development of models to be used and circumstances to be considered. An increasing number of more complex models for the foot known as multi-segment foot models (MSFMs) have created opportunities to better understand the compensatory motion of this vital portion of human anatomy. This research seeks to utilize one such MSFM model to increase understanding in how human ambulation changes in uneven terrain environments. Unique inner-foot joints defined by the Rizzoli foot model (RFM) were measured for and compared for subjects traversing both even and uneven terrain to quantify joints that experienced significant …

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An Exploration Of The Experiences And Factors Influencing Physical Activity In People With Parkinsons, Heather Hunter Jan 2025

An Exploration Of The Experiences And Factors Influencing Physical Activity In People With Parkinsons, Heather Hunter

School of Health Professions Theses

Abstract:Background: Physical activity plays a crucial role in enhancing the well-being and quality of life of people with Parkinsons. Despite substantial evidence supporting its benefits, people with Parkinson’s struggle to maintain an active lifestyle. This thesis explored the perspective of people with Parkinsons on their engagement in physical activity.Methodology: This research employed a person-centred approach, comprised of three sequential phases. Phase One: A systematic review utilising the JBI approach of meta-aggregation synthesised the best available qualitative evidence of people with Parkinson's' views and preferences regarding physical activity interventions. Phase Two: Constructive Grounded Theory was used to explore the beliefs, attitudes, …

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Home-Based High-Intensity Interval Training For People With Parkinson’S : The Hiit-Home4parkinson’S Study, Conrad Harpham Jan 2025

Home-Based High-Intensity Interval Training For People With Parkinson’S : The Hiit-Home4parkinson’S Study, Conrad Harpham

School of Health Professions Theses

BackgroundExercise, particularly of high intensity, is considered to be important for people with Parkinson’s (PwP). However, PwP are less active than healthy individuals, and face disease specific and logistical barriers to exercise participation such as lack of outcome expectation, symptom exacerbation, travel logistics due to motor symptoms, expense and perceived lack of time. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a low volume exercise modality, evinced to be beneficial and time efficient for people within various healthy and clinical populations. HIIT therefore, particularly undertaken in the home could be apposite for PwP, although evidence is currently limited. Therefore, this study aimed to …

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The Role Of A Pelvic Orthotic In The Management Of Chronic Pregnancy-Related Pelvic Girdle Pain: A Feasibility Study And Validation Of A Novel Body Perception Measure, Bradley Halliday Jan 2025

The Role Of A Pelvic Orthotic In The Management Of Chronic Pregnancy-Related Pelvic Girdle Pain: A Feasibility Study And Validation Of A Novel Body Perception Measure, Bradley Halliday

School of Health Professions Theses

Chronic pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain (PPGP) affects an estimated 10% of post-partum women and is typically recalcitrant to conservative management. One novel option to manage this is a customised Dynamic Elastomeric Fabric Orthosis (DEFO), however, currently non studies have evaluated the clinical and cost-effectiveness or acceptability of this orthotic in post-partum women. Further, the mechanism of action of this orthotic is unknown. One mechanism may be to impart an effect on the disturbed body perception, which preliminary evidence has demonstrated is affected in women with PPGP. Current understanding is limited by an absence of research into women with PPGP and …

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Co-Producing Healthcare Guidance For Children And Young People With Ataxia Telangiectasia (A-T) Including The Exploration And Design Of A Home-Based Complex Intervention, Munira Khan Jan 2025

Co-Producing Healthcare Guidance For Children And Young People With Ataxia Telangiectasia (A-T) Including The Exploration And Design Of A Home-Based Complex Intervention, Munira Khan

School of Health Professions Theses

This doctoral research aimed to co-produce allied healthcare guidance to improve therapeutic care, self-management, and quality of life for children and young people (CYP) living with ataxia telangiectasia (A-T), a rare and complex neurodegenerative condition. Addressing significant gaps in non-medical care provision, the project was structured into four interrelated work packages (WPs), each contributing original insights and practical tools for families and professionals. WP1 involved a comprehensive scoping review of published and grey literature to map the existing evidence on allied health and nursing management of A-T related symptoms in CYP. The review synthesises 50 sources of evidence and highlighted …

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The Role Of Oral Nitrate Reducing Bacteria In Cardiovascular Health: Impacts Of Diet And Exercise, Craig Clarke Jan 2025

The Role Of Oral Nitrate Reducing Bacteria In Cardiovascular Health: Impacts Of Diet And Exercise, Craig Clarke

School of Health Professions Theses

This thesis investigated the important role of oral bacteria in blood pressure regulation and vascular function through the NO3--NO2--NO pathway following exercise or dietary interventions. Study 1 examined the effect of antibacterial mouthwash on the oral microbiome and nitrate metabolism in vegetarians and omnivores. Notable alterations in bacterial composition were observed after mouthwash administration, including reductions in the Prevotella genus (from 27.7% to 9.6%, P = 0.001) and Actinomyces genus (from 9.5% to 5.7%, P = 0.001), along with decreases in Prevotella melaninogenica (from 18.1% to 6.2%, P = 0.001) and Rothia dentocariosa (from 0.09% to 0.04%, P = 0.001). …

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The Revolving Door Of Epilepsy Emergencies, Sarah Lennard Jan 2025

The Revolving Door Of Epilepsy Emergencies, Sarah Lennard

School of Health Professions Theses

This thesis explores the revolving doors of epilepsy emergencies, focusing on the key factors that contribute to repeated attendances at emergency departments (ED) following seizures. The study is based on five peer-reviewed journal articles that provide a comprehensive review of current evidence, risk factors for ED attendance, clinicians' perspectives, and the use of technology in epilepsy management. The research identifies several critical factors influencing ED attendances, including mental health issues, medication adherence, and social determinants such as deprivation and homelessness. The findings highlight the need for integrated care pathways, improved communication between healthcare providers, and targeted interventions for vulnerable populations. …

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A Critical Exploration Of Social Transformation Through Occupation, Miranda Cunningham Jan 2025

A Critical Exploration Of Social Transformation Through Occupation, Miranda Cunningham

School of Health Professions Theses

Background: In occupational therapy and occupational science, scholars and practitioners advocate for a stronger focus on social transformation. However, there is limited evidence on how occupation-based interventions contribute to addressing inequalities and fostering change for marginalised populations. Methods: This study applied critical occupational science and realist theoretical frameworks to examine the use of arts-based occupations for social transformation. It comprised three strands: (1) a narrative review of arts-based occupations in social change, (2) a realist review of participatory photography, and (3) a realist evaluation of a socially engaged art group in primary schools. Findings: Arts-based occupations have been employed by …

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Investigating The Link Between The Oral Microbiome And Cardiovascular Health In Regards To Nitrate/Nitrite Metabolism., Lisa Du Toit Jan 2025

Investigating The Link Between The Oral Microbiome And Cardiovascular Health In Regards To Nitrate/Nitrite Metabolism., Lisa Du Toit

School of Health Professions Theses

This thesis evaluated nitrate metabolism and the link between cardiovascular health and periodontal disease. The first study compared effects of high-nitrate vegetables and pharmacological salt supplementation on the oral microbiome composition in hypertensive individuals. Seventy participants (50-70-y-old, clinical systolic BP (SBP) 130-159 mmHg, diastolic BP (DBP) <110 mmHg) were randomly allocated to group 1 (n = 24) consuming 300 mg/d nitrate in green leafy vegetables form, group 2 (n = 23) consuming 300 mg/d potassium nitrate in form of pills and low-nitrate vegetables, and group 3 (n = 23) consuming potassium chloride pills (placebo) and low-nitrate vegetables. Groups 1 and 2 showed similar microbial salivary changes, increased Neisseria species, and decreased Veillonella species post treatment, suggesting nitrate-dependent changes.The second study investigated oral health and microbiome composition of pregnant women with pre-eclampsia (n = 10, SBP = 150 ± 8 mmHg, DBP = 98 ± 9 mmHg) compared to normotensive pregnancies (n = 11, SBP = 111 ± 5 mmHg, DBP = 80 ± 9 mmHg). Pregnant women with pre-eclampsia showed higher plaque levels compared to normotensive pregnant women (P = 0.038), although activity of oral nitrate-reducing bacteria (P = 0.088) was not statistically significant. Plasma nitrate levels were significantly were lower in women with pre-eclampsia (P = 0.024). The third study evaluated the effect of chlorhexidine (CHX-M n= 21) and propolis (PROP-M n= 24) mouthwashes on abundance and activity of nitrate-reducing bacteria in healthy individuals. CHX-M increased relative abundance of nitrate-reducing bacteria (P < 0.001), but significantly impaired nitrate-reducing activity (P < 0.001) compared to baseline and PROP-M. PROP-M significantly increased plasma nitrate levels (P = 0.047) and reduced systolic BP (P = 0.022).The fourth study compared the effect of CHX-M, PROP-M, amoxicillin (AMX) and metronidazole (MTZ) on salivary nitrate-reducing activity within a 24-hour period using an in-vitro protocol. Results showed that MTZ significantly increased nitrate-reducing activity after 24-hours (P = 0.001) compared to all the other treatments (AMX, P = 0.025; CHX-M, P = 0.01; PROP-M, P = 0.023). Overall, this thesis suggests that poor oral health may impair the oral nitrate–nitrite pathway, thereby reducing nitrate bioavailability in women with pre-eclampsia. Diets rich in high-nitrate vegetables showed beneficial changes in the oral microbiome; however, these were not associated with blood pressure reduction. In contrast, use of propolis mouthwash increased plasma nitrate bioavailability, contributing to blood pressure reductions. Finally, it was observed metronidazole significantly enhanced nitrate-reducing activity.

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Factors Affecting Metabolism And Metabolic Control In Phenylketonuria, Alex Amorim Pinto Jan 2025

Factors Affecting Metabolism And Metabolic Control In Phenylketonuria, Alex Amorim Pinto

School of Health Professions Theses

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inherited metabolic disorder treated by a phenylalanine restricted diet in order to avoid neurocognitive impairment. Blood phenylalanine is the main outcome marker which is modulated by many dietary factors. Traditionally, L-amino acid-based protein substitutes are the main nitrogen source but more recently glycomacropeptide-based protein substitutes (GMP) have been introduced and are associated with several health benefits. The following aspects were studied in this thesis: 1) metabolic control achieved in patients with PKU compared with the European PKU guidelines; 2) life-long change in natural protein tolerance; 3) impact on metabolic control of different natural protein sources (animal …

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