Digital Commons Network^™

Paleoseismic And Structural Characterization Of The Hines Creek Fault: Denali National Park And Preserve, Alaska, Sara E. Federschmidt

Theses and Dissertations--Earth and Environmental Sciences

The Hines Creek fault (HCF) is a Holocene-active fault in central Alaska. Its trace has been mapped several times, but data on the history of fault displacement is scarce. As a major crustal-scale geologic boundary with uncertain Quaternary tectonic activity, it is a priority for more to be known about the activity of this fault to better understand the hazards it presents to the Denali National Park and Preserve and Alaskan infrastructure. This study characterizes the late Quaternary activity of the HCF through surficial geologic mapping and paleoseismic investigations. Mapping revealed a very steep (~84°-88° apparent dip), north dipping fault …

Late Quaternary Crustal Deformation At The Apex Of The Mount Mckinley Restraining Bend Of The Denali Fault, Alaska, Corey A. Burkett

Theses and Dissertations--Earth and Environmental Sciences

The tallest mountain in North America, Mount McKinley is situated inside a sharp bend in the right‐lateral Denali fault. This anomalous topography is clearly associated with the complex geometry of the Denali fault, but how this topography evolves in conjunction with the adjacent strike‐slip fault is unknown. To constrain how this fault bend is deforming, the Quaternary fault‐related deformation on the opposite side of the Denali fault from Mount McKinley were documented through combined geologic mapping, active fault characterization, and analysis of background seismicity. My mapping illustrates an east‐west change in faulting style where normal faults occur east of the …

Introduction: Superstorm Sandy & Its Impact On Coastal New Jersey, Zachary Grey Farnsworth

Student Works

No abstract provided.

Structural Deformation Across The Southwest Mina Deflection, California-Nevada: Field Studies In The Huntoon Spring Quadrangle, Eliya R. Hogan

All Master's Theses

New geologic data provides insight into Pliocene strain rates across the southwest Mina deflection. ⁴⁰ Ar/³⁹ Ar geochronology of geologic units indicate cooling of Miocene ignimbrite at 11.86 ± 0.01 Ma, Pliocene basalt lavas at 3.7241 ± 0.0051 and 3.5262 ± 0.0172 Ma, and basaltic andesite and andesite lavas at 3.4715 ± 0.0107 Ma and 3.1078 ± 0.0088 Ma. Pliocene cinder cones and Quaternary sediments are also exposed in the Huntoon Spring quadrangle. Volcanic units are cut by a dominant set of NNE-, NE-, and ENE- striking sinistral faults and a lesser set of NNW- and NW- striking normal …

Controls On Fault Geometry During Early Stages Of Extension In The Larkspur Hills, Northwest Basin And Range, Diana Jean Strickley

All Master's Theses

Detailed analyses of normal faults in the Larkspur Hills, CA-NV, northwest Basin and Range, offer insight into factors controlling normal fault initiation, growth, and distribution. N-trending faults in the southern portion of the study area share trends of major range-bounding structures and Pliocene linear volcanic vents; in contrast, NNW- and NNE- trending faults dominate further north and into south-central Oregon. Stress analyses and comparison with experimental and field data suggest that preexisting structures control faults in the northern Larkspur Hills, while faults form perpendicular to σ3 in the southern hills. The change in fault orientations is abrupt, occurring across a …

Palynology Of The Upper Cretaceous Ferron-Notom Sandstone, Utah, Isil Akyuz

LSU Master's Theses

ABSTRACT The Late Cretaceous Ferron-Notom Sandstone Member of the Mancos Shale Formation plays a dominant role in oil production in Utah. Although numerous sedimentological and sequence stratigraphic studies have been conducted in recent years on this sequence, palynological analyses had not yet been undertaken. Here we present palynological data from one hundred twenty eight samples collected in the Ferron-Noton Sandstone Member outcroping in south-central Utah. The purpose of this study is to refine our understanding of climatic and depositional environments and to build a biostratigraphic palynological framework. The dominance of terrestrial palynomorphs, especially the high yield in moisture-loving cryptogam spores …

Relationship Between Static Stress Change And Volcanism. How And If Tectonic Earthquake Could Influence Volcanic Activity. Example Of El Reventador Volcano, Ecuador, Daniele Alami

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open

No abstract provided.

Systematical Analysis Of The Impacts Of Different Operations Conditions And Geological Formation Characteristics On Area Of Review (Aor), Post Injection Site Care (Pisc) And Risk Associated With Anthropogenic Co 2 Sequestration In Citronelle Dome, Alabama, Danilo Arcentales

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) has been one of the biggest problem concerning the climate change during these years. The concentration of these gases has increased by a disproportionate amount over the last decade due to human activities such as, deforestation, agricultural practices and burning fuel, oil and coal while natural sources are extracted and processed. Being the main cause of global warming, a variety of technology is being applied in order to diminish GHC emissions. There are two ways to achieve this goal: burning less carbon-containing fuel or by storing CO2 resulting from burning carbon-rich fuels. Potential storage …

Geodesy- And Geology-Based Slip-Rate Models For The Western United States (Excluding California) National Seismic Hazard Maps, Mark D. Petersen, Yuehua Zeng, Kathleen M. Haller, Robert Mccaffrey, William C. Hammond, Peter Bird, Morgan Moschetti, Zheng-Kang Shen, Jayne Bormann, Wayne R. Thatcher

Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations

The 2014 National Seismic Hazard Maps for the conterminous United States incorporate additional uncertainty in fault slip-rate parameter that controls the earthquake-activity rates than was applied in previous versions of the hazard maps. This additional uncertainty is accounted for by new geodesy- and geology-based slip-rate models for the Western United States. Models that were considered include an updated geologic model based on expert opinion and four combined inversion models informed by both geologic and geodetic input. The two block models considered indicate significantly higher slip rates than the expert opinion and the two fault-based combined inversion models. For the hazard …

Reservoirs Modeling Of Gas Hydrate Deposits In North Slope Of Alaska And Gulf Of Mexico, Manohar Gaddipati

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In order to address the world's growing energy demand, the necessity to explore more and more unconventional sources of energy arises. Recently there has been increased interest in the potential of natural gas hydrates as an alternate energy resource. Methane hydrates are crystalline solids, very similar to ice, in which non-polar molecules are trapped inside the cages formed by water molecules. Methane hydrates could be potentially a vast source of energy. The production of natural gas from hydrates economically poses a big challenge to today's scientific world. Two sites for greatest potential for gas production from gas hydrates as identified …

On The Optimization Of Co2-Eor Process Using Surrogate Reservoir Model, Vida Gholami

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

CO2-EOR projects are becoming increasingly popular. Since enhanced recovery processes are applied to the mature fields, it usually involves a large number of wells. While the large number of wells leads to a better geological model, it results in very large flow models that are hard to manage, history match, and use as an optimization base. Nevertheless, injection-production optimization remains the core of all modeling efforts in CO2-EOR projects.;The objective of this work is to investigate the feasibility of using state-of-the-art data-driven proxy models to facilitate injection-production optimization in a CO2-EOR process. The use of coupled grid-based---SRM G and well-based---SRMW …

Updated Screening Criteria For Steam Flooding Based On Oil Field Projects Data, Mariwan Qadir Hama

Masters Theses

"Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) screening is considered the first step in evaluating potential EOR techniques for candidate reservoirs. Therefore, as new technologies are developed, it is important to update the screening criteria. Many of the screening criteria for steam flooding that have been described in the literature were based on data collected from EOR surveys biennially published in the Oil & Gas Journal. However, these datasets contain some problems, including outliers, missing data, inconsistent data and duplicate data, that could affect the accuracy of the results. Despite the importance of ensuring the quality of a dataset before running analyses, data …

The Description Of An Effective Sinkhole Investigation Approach: A Case Study Of Two Sites In Greene County, Missouri, Stanley Chinedu Nwokebuihe

Masters Theses

"Karst topographies pose danger to the environment. The associated gradual subsidence or sudden collapse of the ground can lead to loss of lives and damage to property. A sinkhole is the subsidence or collapse of the overburden into subsurface cavities. Sinkholes develop in different sizes, shapes and rates all over the world especially in areas where the bedrock can be dissolved by percolating slightly acidic surface water.

Different methods have been used to investigate sinkholes. Boring is the most common of these methods. But the boring technique is quite inefficient; it only provides information of the subsurface conditions at the …

Pn Anisotropy Tomography Of The Colorado Plateau And Adjacent Areas, Shengyao Cheng

Masters Theses

"The Pn tomography method utilizes seismic waves that refract along the Moho interface to perform inversion in order to investigate velocity anomalies and seismic anisotropy in the uppermost mantle. Results from Pn tomography can provide important information about the composition, temperature, and tectonic processes beneath the study area. Over the past decades, numerous seismic and geologic studies have been conducted in the Colorado Plateau and its adjacent areas to reveal crustal and mantle structures and processes responsible for the diverse surface geological features and tectonic events that have occurred in this area. To investigate lateral variations in the uppermost mantle …

Geoecology, Nishanta Rajakaruna, S. Boyd

Faculty Publications, Biological Sciences

No abstract provided.

Rotifers Of Southwest Iran: A Faunistic And Biogeographical Study, Raheleh Reihan Reshteh, Hassan Rahimian

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The fauna of freshwater rotifers from Khuzestan Province (Southwest Iran) was expected to be different from that of the rest of Iran because of its geographical position, past geological events, climatic conditions, and similarities to neighboring zoogeographical areas. To test this hypothesis, we first had to determine the rotifer fauna of Khuzestan and then compare it with the results of surveys from other parts of Iran as well as with those from neighboring regions. Samples were collected from 10 sites throughout the province from May 2009 to April 2010. During the study, 66 species were identified, mostly with distribution in …

Time Marker For The Late Pleistocene In Peninsular Malaysia: Study Of The Volcanic Ash Deposits / Norishah Binti Hashim, Norishah Hashim

Student Works (2010-2019)

A detailed study was conducted on the tephra deposits that were found in several locations in the Peninsular Malaysia which are important time markers in the local Quaternary stratigraphy. Typically, these deposits consisted of aerially deposited, fine-grained < 100 μm, silica-rich volcanic glass shards and mineral grains, in layers ranging from 10 cm to 9 m in thickness, within quaternary lacustrine sediments. Few of these have been dated. In the literature, most, if not all, were attributed to the VEI 8 eruption at Lake Toba at 70-75 k.a., while, in actuality, there have been three other high VEI eruptions in Sumatra that might have been responsible - Mount Maninjau at 80 and 52 k.a. (proximal tuffs are exposed at Sianok Canyon near Padang Highlands, Sumatra) and Lake Ranau between 0.7 and 0.4 m.a. In this study, site reconnaissance, tephra age determination and geochemical fingerprint analysis have been carried out to provide scientific proves of the origins of Peninsular Malaysia tephra. Detailed field mapping of tephra distribution in the vicinity of Lenggong in Perak revealed that the tephra layers, covering 15 km2, were deposited at a time when the local stream base level was 70 m above the current level, as most of the fresh tephra layers were found at that elevation. Tephra distribution was controlled by topography at the time of deposition since layers of fresh and reworked deposits of tephra had been discovered in the vicinity of the Perak River banks and on gentle slopes of palm oil estates. The presence of reworked ash under layers of fresh ash might indicated that more than one paroxysmal eruption were responsible. Fission track and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) techniques were executed on two selected areas with fresh layers of tephra and correlated the results with published data of possible origins. Cluster analysis, bivariate analysis, Rare-Earth Element and trace element ratios analysis and spider diagrams were implemented to differentiate and recognize individual eruptions. The results of fission track dates of Lenggong tephra were 59 ± 7 k.a. and 59 ± 9 k.a., while Kuala Pelus tephra had luminescence dates of 58.5 ± 7.6 k.a and 75.5 ± 9.8 k.a. These dates could be correlated with the 52 k. a. Maninjau and 75 k. a. Toba eruptions. Major and trace element content of glass shards revealed similarities between those from the Peninsular Malaysia and the proximal tuff from the 75 k.a. Toba eruption. The majority of Gelok samples were correlated to Toba sample. Even though Lenggong and Padang Sanai major elements result showed that there were three populations in the same layer, chemical genetically it could not be related with Maninjau samples. Kg. Dong and Kuala Kangsar tephra showed the largest variations of SiO2 and alkalies which were distinct from the other Peninsular Malaysia tephra. The Maninjau tuff was distinctly different from the Peninsular Malaysia tephra and from the YTT. This implies that Lenggong tephra could be originated from Toba and other possible source(s). The conclusion that could be drawn from this evidences that it is significantly proved that the tephra in Peninsular Malaysia is most likely originated from Toba and also possible from Maninjau and other eruptions.

Assessment Of The Predictive Reliability Of A Swat Flow Model And The Evaluation Of Runoff Generation And Bmp Effectiveness In A Shale-Gas Impacted Watershed Using A Modeling Approach, Kwasi Asante

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

In order to ensure a harmonious harness of shale-gas resources while ensuring minimal damage to the environment, it is imperative that studies to conduct to inform various aspects of managing the environment. This includes the development of reliable hydrologic models to inform in decisions concerning water and the environment.

The first objective of this study was to evaluate the predictive reliability of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model based on respective methods of LULC data classification and data type spatial resolution. Results showed that the high-resolution data classified with object-oriented image method does not provide any significant advantage …

Cave Talk, December 2013, Robert A. Holt

Cave Talk

Contents: Message from the President -- New Little Caver in California -- Ruby Falls Recognized for Sustainable Tourism Efforts By Southeast Tourism Society -- Retail Committee - Year End Review -- Congratulations to the Wuest Family -- 'Halloween Hall' at Carlsbad Caverns Is the Biggest Area Discovered in More Than 25 Years -- White Nose Syndrome Report -- NCA Insurance Column -- Minnesota Man's Cave Collection Is His Hobby, Passion -- from Deep Down in the Archives Timeline ?

Dam Mormons: Responding To The 1976 Teton Dam Disaster In The "Lord's Way", Lauriann Vaterlaus Deaver

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

The June 5, 1976, Teton Dam collapse occurred in a unique region of Idaho where the population comprised as much as ninety-five percent of residents belonging to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The homogenous nature of this population influenced the nature of the recovery effort following the disaster. The Teton Dam recovery effort provided an opportunity for the LDS church, using its welfare system and priesthood (lay male leadership) organizational structure to seamlessly work with government agencies. Church leaders used the reports of positive interactions between its members and the federal and local leaders to celebrate an …

Showcasing The Geology Of American’S National Parks And Monuments, Larry E. Davis

The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon

Among America’s great treasures are its national parks, monuments, nature preserves, and historical sites. Many of America’s national parks feature unique and spectacular geology. Sigma Gamma Epsilon chapters, geology clubs, and individuals are encouraged to organize and submit a photo array featuring the geology of a particular national park or monument.

Paleohydrology And The Origin Of Jewel Cave, Mike Wiles

National Cave and Karst Management Symposium 2013

With more than 267 m (166 miles) of mapped cave passages, Jewel Cave is the third longest cave in the world. The passages are beneath an area of 775 ha (3 mi²), located almost entirely within the Hell Canyon drainage basin. The canyon itself is situated in the bottom of a south-plunging syncline and most of the cave passages are located within the east limb. A down-dip cross section shows the cave passages assuming the shape of an elongate lens, located just below the Pahasapa/Minnelusa contact. The lower boundary is a maximum of 75 m (250 feet) below …

Paleohydrology And The Origin Of Jewel Cave, National Cave And Karst Research Institute

KIP Articles

No abstract provided.

Oil Exploration, Renewable Resources To Help Uruguay Reach Energy Independence, Andrã©S Gaudã­N

NotiSur

No abstract provided.

Bioerosive Structures In Orbitolinid Foraminifera: Examples From The Lower Cretaceous Of Central Iran, Felix Schlagintweit, Ioan I. Bucur, Koorosh Rashidi, Behnam Saberzadeh

Studia UBB Geologia

Lower Cretaceous orbitolinid assemblages from Central Iran yield various bioerosional structures. The omnipresent traces of different boring taxa and groups (e.g., sponges, calcimicrobes, incertae sedis) represent a characteristic feature of the investigated thin-section material. The assemblage can be attributed to the Entobia ichnofacies dominated by borings assigned to the activity of sponges. The boring galleries are often concentrated in a plane parallel to the test surface, along the boundary of the marginal and the central zone of the orbitolinid tests. The borings are observed in foraminiferan-dasycladalean wackestones to poorly washed-out packstones, which can be referred to a subtidal …

Integrated Three-Dimensional Geophysical Analysis Of The Wasatch Fault Zone Near Rock Canyon, Provo, Utah, Leo T. Brown, Dr. Alvin K. Benson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The Wasatch fault zone extends from southern Idaho into central Utah, and approximately ninety percent of Utah’s population live in or near this fault zone. Surface rupture and ground shaking associated with earthquake events represent the biggest geologic hazards to people and structures within this fault zone. Movement and rupture will most likely occur along preexisting zones of weakness or faults. In order to mitigate damage to buildings and loss of lives, the locations of individual faults within the fault zone should be determined as accurately as possible.

Critical Success Factors Analysis Of Implementing Mpa At The Yilan Gueishan Island, Taiwan, Ching-Ta Chuang, Jun-Yu Chen, Kuei-Chao Chang, Li-Wen Hung, Ta-Kang Liu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Gueishan Island, located along the strong Kuroshio current, is one of the most essential fishing grounds in Taiwan’s offshore fishery, and critical during its transitional fishery periods. However, long-term pollution, overfishing and rapid coastal development result in overexploitation and adverse environmental and ecological impacts. Previous studies focused on single species fishery management or merely the interpretation relevant laws whereas the views and perceptions of the stakeholders are often overlooked. Therefore, stakeholders’ participation and co-management seem to challenge the future establishment of a Marine Protected Area (MPA) in Gueishan Island. This study focuses on the evaluation of stakeholders’ perception and analyzes …

Identification Of Pipelines From The Secondary Reflect Wave Travel Time Of Ground-Penetrating Radar Waves, Kun-Fa Lee, Tan-K Wang1, Yu-Ming Kang, Cheng-Sung Wang, Kuo-An Lin

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

When using ground-penetrating radar to identify underground pipelines of similar dielectric constants (i.e. PE and PVC), misidentification is quite common. In this study, we apply reflected travel time of radar waves into the PE- and PVC- dielectric constants and the differentiation becomes possible. We have conducted the experiments using the nonmetal PE- and PVC- pipelines as well as the heavy metal (iron) pipelines in a water environment. Based on a travel- time calculation, the dielectric constants of non-metal pipelines with similar composition (PE ＝ 2.3 and PVC ＝ 3.0) were quite close. The error between the experimental and theoretical values …

Forty Years Of Epikarst: What Biology Have We Learned?, Tanja Pipan, David Culver

International Journal of Speleology

Epikarst is not only an important component of the hydrogeology of karst and an active site of speleogenesis, it is habitat for a number of species adapted to subterranean life. Water in epikarst, with a residence time of days to months, is a highly heterogeneous habitat, and the animals are primarily sampled from continuously sampling dripping water or collecting from residual drip pools. While the subterranean fauna of cracks and crevices has been known for over 100 years, it is only in the past several decades that epikarst has been recognized as a distinct habitat, with reproducing populations of stygobionts. …

Depth To Bedrock Estimations Using The H/V Spectral Ratio In The San Joaquin Valley, Tyler A. Morelli

Natural Resources Management and Environmental Sciences

Basin depth is a fundamental parameter in many types of geologic studies such as resource exploration and regional tectonic mapping. The Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio (“H/V”) method has been successfully applied to estimating of basin depths up to several hundred meters. In this study the H/V method is applied to the deep basins on the western side of the San Joaquin Valley to determine the thickness of the sedimentary layers and depth to bedrock. Microtremor data from Earthscope Seismic Array stations are ideal to test the accuracy of the H/V method on deeper basins because the data is of high-quality and …