Digital Commons Network^™

Spar Caves As Fossil Hydrothermal Systems: Timing And Origin Of Ore Deposits In The Delaware Basin And Guadalupe Mountains, New Mexico And Texas, Usa, David D. Decker, Victor J. Polyak, Yemane Asmerom

International Journal of Speleology

Studies of sulfuric acid hypogene speleogenesis have contributed significantly to understanding the history of the Guadalupe Mountains of southeast New Mexico and west Texas for at least the past 12 Ma. A recently published hypothesis of supercritical CO₂ spar cave genesis provides information that constrains the timing of the start of uplift to between 27 and 16 Ma, and helps to explain landscape evolution of this region for the last 185 Ma. This new speleogenetic model is summarized here and shows that U-Pb dating of crystals from different spar caves reveal different ages, and that a majority of the …

Antimicrobial Activities Of Culturable Microorganisms (Actinomycetes And Fungi) Isolated From Chaabe Cave, Algeria, Larbi Belyagoubi, Nabila Belyagoubi-Benhammou, Valme Jurado, Joëlle Dupont, Sandrine Lacoste, Fatima Djebbah, Fatima Z. Ounadjela, Souad Benaissa, Salim Habi, Djamel E. Abdelouahid, Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez

International Journal of Speleology

The discovery of new antibiotics and other bioactive microbial metabolites is a priority given the frequency of the emerging multi-drug resistant pathogenic microorganisms. Thus, scientists are searching for new antibiotics in microorganisms isolated from extreme habitats such as caves. In the present study, we aimed to perform the first analysis on culturable microorganisms in the Chaabe Cave (Algeria), and to test the antimicrobial activities of the isolates (Streptomyces spp. and Penicillium spp.). The potential for antimicrobial activity of 47 strains of actinomycetes and 23 strains of fungi were tested on Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Listeria monocytogenes, …

Detection Of Bedrock Fractures And Joints Beneath Cover: Geophysical Approaches To An Engineering Geology Problem, Muthanna Yousif Yaqoob Aldiney

Dissertations

This research used geophysical methods to detect the presence of sub-vertical failure planes, their direction(s), and their frequency in bedrock beneath soil or glacial drift overburden. Azimuthal measurements using the seismic, electrical resistivity (ER), and electromagnetic conductivity were made to evaluate which techniques might provide the best indication of the bedrock joints, faults, or shear zones. Measurements were made at multiple sites near each of three locations: Jackson, Alpena, and Grand Ledge, Michigan. The first two are former limestone quarries and the third is underlain by sandstone. Seismic measurements began with one or two linear refraction spreads, used to establish …

Effects Of Using Clay Nanoparticles As A Soil Amendment To Remove Nitrate From Stormwater, Megan P. Abutin

Master's Theses

Development of urban areas continues to increase, disrupting the natural ecosystem and the pathways for water to drain into downstream water bodies. As the amount of impervious area increases, pollutants can accumulate on the surface and enter the water cycle by stormwater. In most cities, the stormwater flows into a storm drain that is discharged into a water body. Low Impact Development technology has been developed to treat stormwater prior to discharge downstream. A bioretention cell is used to treat stormwater pollutants such as nitrate, phosphorus, total suspended solids, and metals. Past research has indicated that the removal efficiency of …

Market Impacts And Global Implications Of U.S. Shale Development And Hydraulic Fracturing: An Economic, Engineering, And Environmental Perspective, Maduabuchi Pascal Umweke

Economics

The United States oil industry is experiencing a revolution because of significant oil production from tight oil plays since the mid-2000s. Advancements in horizontal well drilling and hydraulic fracturing are powering this new chapter in oil development. Increased oil production has brought billions of dollars of new revenue to oil companies involved in tight oil exploration and production, new jobs in the oil industry, and more tax revenue to oil regions around the U.S. However, tight oil resources do not only exist in the U.S. An understanding of the U.S. tight oil development experience could bring value to stakeholders within …

Structural Evolution And Regional Implications Of The Arrowhead Mine Fault Within The Pahranagat Shear Zone, Nevada, Usa, Michael Dennis Evans

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The Basin and Range province is characterized by normal faults associated with

extension, but the occurrence of strike-slip faults and the seismic hazard accompanying

them is less understood. One major strike-slip zone, the Pahranagat shear zone (PSZ),

lies in Lincoln County, Nevada and within the boundary zone between northern Basin

and Range (NBR) and central Basin and Range (CBR) sub-provinces. The PSZ is a 20-

25 km long zone of Cenozoic left-lateral faults. The Arrowhead Mine Fault (AMF) is one

of the three major faults in the PSZ. The western AMF and the faults that surround and

abut it are …

Preliminary Sedimentology And Stratigraphy Of The Enigmatic Middle Lake Beds Succession (Pleistocene?) In The Rukwa Rift Basin, Tanzania, Cassy Mtelela

Tanzania Journal of Science

This paper presents sedimentology and stratigraphic overview of a series of previously unrecognized lithostratigraphic unit in the Rukwa Rift Basin, Tanzania. Based on the cross-cutting relationship and pilot detrital zircon geochronology, these isolated, enigmatic strata are herein informally termed the middle Lake Beds (mLB). Facies analysis reveals that the mLB units were deposited within a complex array of depositional environments, ranging from alluvial to fluvial channels, floodplains and shallow lakes.  The mLB are characterised herein as isolated outcrop exposures with uncertain age relationships, but which can be divided into five distinctive lithostratigraphic units herein identified as informal members (A-E). These …

Impacts Of Geotechnical Aspects In Tunneling Design And Construction, Mohammad Haadi Sadaghiani

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

In tunneling project, different type of methods is conducted to do the project. Knowing geotechnical aspects of tunnel project is unavoidable and crucial in early stage of project especially before contract to have efficient and more accurate design and prevent cost overruns, reduce bid price and reduce project risks. However, all that geotechnical information should be based on standard guidelines such as Geotechnical Baseline Report (GBR) to help owner how to provide those geotechnical data in bid contract and use it as a guideline in contract to prevent future claim or disputes. The main objective of this thesis is about …

Geology, U-Pb Geochronology, And Hf Isotope Geochemistry Across The Alaska Range Suture Zone (South-Central Alaska): Implications For Collisional Processes And Cordilleran Tectonics, Mariah C. Romero

Open Access Theses

The Alaska Range suture zone is defined by a transition from outboard oceanic terranes to inboard continental margin terranes; distinguishing south-central Alaska as a prime place to study the progressive development of a collisional tectonic setting. We present 3,206 U-Pb analyses and 406 Hf isotope compositions from detrital zircons obtained from the three main components of the collisional zone: the Ancestral North American continental margin, the oceanic Wrangellia terrane, and the sedimentary strata of the Jurassic-Cretaceous Kahiltna assemblage. U-Pb/Hf datasets from the Ancestral North American continental margin and oceanic Wrangellia terrane provide a provenance reference when comparing the Kahiltna assemblage …

Estimating Likelihood Of Severe Damage Due To Earthquakes In Reinforced Concrete Frame Buildings In Afghanistan, Sekandar Zadran

Open Access Theses

Afghanistan has a history of devastating earthquakes claiming many lives and causing extensive damage. It is important to identify buildings vulnerable to ground shaking in an efficient manner and to upgrade or rebuild them to avoid losses during earthquakes in the future. In June 2017, 51 reinforced concrete (RC) school buildings with solid masonry infill walls and no structural walls were surveyed in Kabul, Afghanistan. Besides photographic documentation and location information, building dimensions including column dimensions and masonry wall dimensions, as well as wall orientation information, and number of stories above ground were recorded. To rank these buildings in vulnerability …

Characterization Of Metamorphic Zones In The Tennessee Blue Ridge Using Gis And Digital Imaging Processing, Hayley Beitel

Honors Theses

The origin of metamorphic zones of the Blue Ridge is attributed to metamorphic events that affected sedimentary rocks of debated age, leading the topic to be controversial and continuously studied. The present study seeks to refine the metamorphic isograds of the Tennessee Blue Ridge based on Barrovian index minerals in pelitic rocks and the texture patterns these pelitic rocks present. Methods used in the present study are supported by conventional petrography, powder X-ray diffraction, and by GIS and digital image processing. Metamorphic isograds in the Blue Ridge have been determined mainly by identification of index minerals using a polarizing petrographic …

Fluoride Occurrence In Domestic Water Supply Sources In Tanzania: A Case Of Meru District Arusha Region, Godfrey Mbabaye, Rwaichi Minja, Felix Mtalo, Isack , Legonda, Godfrey Mkongo

Tanzania Journal of Science

Surface and ground water are the major sources of water supply in Meru district. Most of the people in Meru rural areas depend on surface water in rivers and ground water shallow and deep wells and springs for house hold activities. The presence of fluoride in high concentrations in drinking water or cooking water causes severe health problems to the people. Distribution of fluoride concentrations in Meru district domestic water sources was studied by referencing the location of water sources using Extrex 20 garmin hand held GPS instrument. Fluoride concentrations were measured using Metrohm Ag/AgCl reference electrode connected to a …

1974 - Geology Of The Southern Salinas Valley Area, California

State and Federal Documents Relating to Monterey and San Luis Obispo Counties

This 1974 report about the geology of the southern Salinas Valley was concerned mainly with relating the occurrence of petroleum and other mineral commodities to the Cenozoic history of the area. The investigation had two phases. First phase involved detailed geologic mapping of quadrangles that cover most of Tertiary beds west of the Salinas River. Second phase included a reconnaissance geologic mapping to extend the results of the first phase to a larger area. The report summarizes results of the geologic investigation of the entire southern Salinas Valley area.

Microtextural Studies Of Feldspar In Ordinary Chondrites, Jonathan A. Lewis

Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs

Ordinary chondrites contain an important record of events that took place during the earliest period of solar system evolution. These include primary processes, such as chondrule formation, and secondary processes, those that affected asteroids after accretion and modified primary components. Secondary processes include aqueous alteration, thermal metamorphism, and shock effects from impact events. Secondary minerals can provide insight into the chemical and physical conditions that affected their parent asteroids. Feldspar is known to be a secondary mineral that crystallized during thermal metamorphism. The goal of this work is to use the formation and evolution of feldspar to elucidate the conditions …

Fluid Inclusion And Stable Isotope Investigation Of Hydrothermal Talc And Chlorite Deposits In Southwest Montana, Garrett Hill

Graduate Theses & Non-Theses

Talc and chlorite deposits of southwest Montana formed as hydrothermal replacements of Archean and/or early Proterozoic dolomitic marble and quartzo-feldspathic gneiss. Although the hydrothermal replacement model is generally accepted, less is known about the temperature, composition, and origin of the fluids involved in talc and chlorite formation. The present study examines fluid inclusions in quartz associated with both talc and chlorite, stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of talc, chlorite, and quartz, and stable carbon and oxygen isotopes of carbonate minerals. The deposits being examined include the Yellowstone, Beaverhead and Willow Creek talc mines, and the Antler chlorite mine.

Fluid inclusion …

Studies Of The Appalachian Karst: 1770 – Present, Ernst H. Kastning

Sinkhole Conference 2018

The Appalachian region, extending from New England to Alabama, includes one of the most extensive regions of karst in the United States. It is a complex geologic terrain and has been studied for nearly 250 years. The history of karst study in the region is organized into eight frames of time: (1) Early American Notes and Records, (2) Age of Curiosity, (3) Exploration and Early Tourism, (4) Birth of Modern U.S. Speleology, (5) Landmark Speleogenetic Studies, (6) Organized Caving and Science, (7) Speleological Inflation, and (8) Applied and Environmental Science. Karst science has progressed from merely descriptive accounts to detailed …

Mapping And Interpreting The Glacial Geology Of Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, Michigan, Sarah M. Vandermeer

Dissertations

Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore is among the most popular parks in Michigan, yet prior to this study, it was the only National Park that lacked a detailed surficial geology map characterizing the distribution of sediments and landforms. Additionally, much of the landscape remained unexplored. These factors prevented thorough interpretations of landscape development and evolution. This research aims to map and further explore the relationship of glacial sediments and landforms throughout Pictured Rocks to refine and expand the current understanding of glacial events that shaped this landscape.

A new, detailed (1:24,000-scale) surficial geology map of the ten 7.5-minute quadrangles that contain …

Integrated Stratigraphic Controls For Flow Simulation Of The Wall Creek Member Of Frontier Formation: Western Powder River Basin, Wyoming, Tuan Le

Graduate Theses & Non-Theses

The Frontier Formation in the Powder River Basin has been re-discovered for oil and gas potential with the development of long horizontal wells and multi-stage hydraulic fracturing. Over the last decade, the Upper Cretaceous Wall Creek Member (WCM) of the Frontier Formation has proven to be a successful hydrocarbon-producing target, yet a full understanding of the flow behavior in this complex stratigraphic unit has not been fully achieved.

The fluid and rock properties have uncertainty and are not well defined due to the low permeability rocks. This study aims to describe the fluid flow behaviors of these features and create …

Sediment And Plant Dynamics In A Degrading Coastal Louisiana Landscape, Glenn Michael. Suir

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Alterations to Louisiana’s river systems and local hydrology have resulted in reduced freshwater, sediment, and nutrient inputs into wetland landscapes, causing significant negative impacts on marsh productivity and stability. To combat these losses many restoration projects have been constructed or planned throughout coastal Louisiana. Typical goals of wetland restoration efforts are to conserve, create, or enhance wetland form, and to achieve wetland function that approaches natural conditions. Failure to adequately maintain wetland elevation and hydrology can have serious implications on sedimentation and vegetation processes, which significantly reduces the likelihood of reaching structural and functional targets. Measures of wetland condition have …

1974 - Geology Of The Southern Salinas Valley Area, California

Miscellaneous Federal Documents & Reports

This 1974 report about the geology of the southern Salinas Valley was concerned mainly with relating the occurrence of petroleum and other mineral commodities to the Cenozoic history of the area. The investigation had two phases. First phase involved detailed geologic mapping of quadrangles that cover most of Tertiary beds west of the Salinas River. Second phase included a reconnaissance geologic mapping to extend the results of the first phase to a larger area. The report summarizes results of the geologic investigation of the entire southern Salinas Valley area.

Redefining ‘Clean’ Sand By Integrating Field And Laboratory Data On Mixed Sand–Clay–Eps Rippled-Bed Transport, J Baas, M Baker, J Malarkey, S Bass, A Manning, J Hope, J Peakall, I Lichtman, L Ye, A Davies

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.

Did Sea-Level Change Cause The Switch From Fissure-Type To Central-Type Volcanism At Mount Etna, Sicily?, Iain S. Stewart

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

One of the most intriguing aspects of the evolution of Mount Etna (eastern Sicily) is the switch from a fissure-type shield volcano coincident with the Ionian coast to an inland cluster of nested stratovolcanoes close to the currently active centre. Previous geological studies infer that the switch reflects a tectonicallydriven rearrangement of the major border faults that direct the Etnean plumbing system, loosely dated at around 125 ka BP. New offshore structural studies throw this prevailing view into question, whilst a revised chronological framework indicates that the transformation from fissure- to central-type activity was abrupt, effectively occurring 129-126 ka BP. …

From The Drake Well To The Santa Rita #1: The History Of The U.S. Permian Basin: A Miracle Of Technological Innovation, Joseph R. Dancy

Oil and Gas, Natural Resources, and Energy Journal

No abstract provided.

Global Seawater Redox Trends During The Late Devonian Mass Extinction Detected Using U Isotopes Of Marine Carbonates, David Allen White

Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs

The Late Devonian extinction ranks as one of the ‘big five’ Phanerozoic extinctions affecting up to 80% of marine species and occurred during five distinct pulses spanning /or widespread marine anoxia. We test the marine anoxia hypothesis by analyzing uranium isotopes (δ²³⁸U) across a ~7 My interval of well-dated Upper Devonian marine carbonates from the Devil’s Gate Limestone in Nevada, USA.

The measured δ²³⁸U curve shows no co-variation with local anoxic facies, water-depth dependent facies changes, redox-sensitive metals, TOC, or diagnostic elemental ratios indicating the δ²³⁸U curve was not controlled by local depositional or …

Choose Your Laws Carefully: Executive Authority To Unilaterally Withdraw The United States Outer Continental Shelf From Leasing Disposition, Payton A. Wells

Duke Law Journal

Congress enacted the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (OCSLA) to both exert federal jurisdiction over the submerged lands of the U.S. Outer Continental Shelf and establish the legal framework for America’s offshore energy production regime. Section 12(a) of OCSLA is a short yet potent provision that grants a president the authority to withdraw unleased offshore lands from leasing disposition, effectively banning any form of energy exploration or production. In recent decades, presidents have embraced section 12(a) not only to ban offshore energy production, but also to protect the marine environment itself. Presidents have also utilized a different federal law, the …

Unconfined Hypogene Evaporite Karst: West Texas And Southeastern New Mexico, Usa, Kevin W. Stafford, Jon T. Ehrhart, Adam F. Majzoub, Jessica M. Shields, Wesley A. Brown

Faculty Publications

Diverse karst phenomena occur throughout the Gypsum Plain where the Castile Formation crops out over ~1800 km² in West Texas and southeastern New Mexico. Hypergene karst is extensive and widespread, while traditional hypogene karst manifestations (both caves and intrastratal dissolution) occur in high frequency in the western outcrop region where surface denudation has been the greatest so as to induce surficial breaching. Unconfined hypogene karst occurrences have been recently identified, including two general variations: 1) artesian-like discharge features; and 2) venting structures. Artesian-like discharge features arise at surficially-breached hypogene caves and through high permeability regions on the margins of …

Archeological Survey Of The Proposed Sanger Outfall Pipeline Denton County, Texas, Cody S. Davis, Joy C. Tatem, Emily D. Goetschius

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The City of Sanger is proposing to construct the 3.06-kilometer-long Sanger Outfall Pipeline in Denton County, Texas. Alan Plummer Associates, Inc. contracted with AR Consultants, Inc. to survey a 100-foot-wide corridor along the proposed route. AR Consultants, Inc. hypothesized that there would be low potential for both prehistoric and historic cultural resources. These hypotheses were based on the location of the pipeline route in the narrow Ranger Branch floodplain and lack of mapped historic structures remaining in the project area. Fieldwork was conducted on May 31, 2018 under Texas Antiquities permit 8338, during which 19 shovel tests were excavated and …

Characterizing The Modification Sequence Of Simple Impact Craters On The Moon And Mars, Carol Hundal

Honors Thesis Collection

No abstract provided.

How To Efficiently Compute Ranges Over A Difference Between Boxes, With Applications To Underwater Localization, Luc Jaulin, Martine Ceberio, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

When using underwater autonomous vehicles, it is important to localize them. Underwater localization is very approximate. As a result, instead of a single location x, we get a set X of possible locations of a vehicle. Based on this set of possible locations, we need to find the range of possible values of the corresponding objective function f(x). For missions on the ocean floor, it is beneficial to take into account that the vehicle is in the water, i.e., that the location of this vehicle is not in a set X' describing the under-floor matter. Thus, the actual set of …

Eliza Calvert Hall, A Book Of Hand-Woven Coverlets, And Collecting Coverlet Patterns In Early Twentieth Century Appalachia, Philis Alvic

Textile Society of America: Symposium Proceedings

In her 1912 book, Eliza Calvert Hall describes looking out of her window and seeing coverlets thrown over tobacco wagons on way to market. She would run out and try to bargain with the owner for the coverlet. She collected coverlets, their design names, and their patterns. Since Hall supported herself with her writing, she counted on her coverlet book appealing to the wide audience of people interested in the Colonial Revival in home decoration. Although hall published the book, she was just the more visible of those interested in coverlets during the early twentieth century. Throughout Appalachia, there were …