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Neighborhood Market Potentials For Alcohol Use And Rates Of Child Abuse And Neglect, Bridget Freisthler, Christiana Kranich, Jennifer Price Wolf, Reiko Boyd, Paul J. Gruenewald Jan 2023

Neighborhood Market Potentials For Alcohol Use And Rates Of Child Abuse And Neglect, Bridget Freisthler, Christiana Kranich, Jennifer Price Wolf, Reiko Boyd, Paul J. Gruenewald

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Background: Alcohol use can lead to child abuse and neglect even if the person using alcohol does not use heavily. Yet relatively few measures that reflect alcohol use are available at smaller geographic units. We assess whether the estimated level of total alcohol use per capita is related to measures of child abuse and neglect that include substantiated reports of maltreatment, total entries into foster care, and alcohol-related entries into foster care. Methods: Our sample consists of 326 Census block groups in Sacramento, California over three time points (978 space–time units). Administrative data for substantiations of child abuse and neglect …

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Reconstructing The Ecological Relationships Of The Latest Cretaceous Antarctic Dinosaurs And How Functional Tooth Morphology Influenced Diet And Ecological Niche Among Basal Ornithopod Dinosaurs, Ian Broxson Jan 2023

Reconstructing The Ecological Relationships Of The Latest Cretaceous Antarctic Dinosaurs And How Functional Tooth Morphology Influenced Diet And Ecological Niche Among Basal Ornithopod Dinosaurs, Ian Broxson

EWU Masters Thesis Collection

Of the final three connected Gondwanan landmasses, the dinosaur fossil record of Antarctica in the Cretaceous is the least complete. Most dinosaur faunas in this time period (145 Ma to 66.0 Ma) are widely separated geographically and temporally from one another by million years. However, a group of non-avian dinosaurs from the James Ross Basin (JRB) of the Antarctic Peninsula, composed of two elasmarians, a parankylosaurian ankylosaur, a hadrosaur and a suspected megaraptor, all are represented by fragmentary remains have emerged from the same horizon of the Sandwich Bluff Member (SBM) of the López de Bertodano Formation and were thus, …

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Assessing The Effects Of Single And Binary Exposures Of Copper And Lead On Mytilus Galloprovincialis: Physiological And Genotoxic Approaches, Charlotte Crowther, Andrew Turner, Michael N. Moore, Awadhesh N. Jha Jan 2023

Assessing The Effects Of Single And Binary Exposures Of Copper And Lead On Mytilus Galloprovincialis: Physiological And Genotoxic Approaches, Charlotte Crowther, Andrew Turner, Michael N. Moore, Awadhesh N. Jha

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

It is becoming increasingly recognised that contaminants are not isolated in their threats to the aquatic environment, with recent shifts towards studying the effects of chemical mixtures. In this study, adult marine mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) were exposed to two aqueous concentrations of the essential trace metal, Cu (5 and 32 μg L−1), and the non-essential metal, Pb (5 and 25 μg L−1), both individually and in binary mixtures. After a 14-day exposure, metal accumulation was determined in the digestive gland, gill and mantle tissues by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry following acid digestion, and a number of biochemical, neurotoxic and physiological …

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Lead And Chromium In European Road Paints, Andrew Turner, Montserrat Filella Jan 2023

Lead And Chromium In European Road Paints, Andrew Turner, Montserrat Filella

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Lead chromate was commonly employed as a pigment in coloured road markings until restrictions led to the development of safer alternatives. In this study, the presence and concentrations of Pb and Cr have been determined in 236 road paints of various colours sampled from streets, highways, footways and carparks from eleven European countries. According to energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, Pb was detected (>10 mg kg−1) in 148 samples at concentrations up to 17.2% by weight, and above 1000 mg kg−1 yellow was the dominant paint colour. Lead concentrations on an area basis varied from 0.02 to 8.46 mg cm−2 …

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Resuspension Of Microplastics And Microrubbers In A Semi-Arid Urban Environment (Shiraz, Iran), Nafiseh Khodabakhshloo, Sajjad Abbasi, Andrew Turner Jan 2023

Resuspension Of Microplastics And Microrubbers In A Semi-Arid Urban Environment (Shiraz, Iran), Nafiseh Khodabakhshloo, Sajjad Abbasi, Andrew Turner

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Although airborne urban particles are a concern for air quality and human health, little information exists on the levels and characteristics of microplastics (MPs) and microrubbers (MRs) in this setting. In the present study, MPs and MRs are quantified and characterised in road dusts and accumulations captured passively (and up to elevations of 177 cm above road level) in the steps of utility poles at 18 locations throughout the city of Shiraz, southwest Iran. Dust accumulation rates were greatest at road level (median = 45 g m−2 month−1) and declined with elevation (median = 2.0 g m−2 month−1 at 177 …

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Orogenic-Orographic Feedback And The Rise Of The Central Andes, L. A. Evenstar, A. J. Hartley, A. E. Mather Jan 2023

Orogenic-Orographic Feedback And The Rise Of The Central Andes, L. A. Evenstar, A. J. Hartley, A. E. Mather

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

The rise of large mountain ranges is considered to be driven by tectonics potentially coupled with climate driven-erosion, although the role of this coupling remains uncertain. The arid climate of the Central Andes allows us to strengthen our understanding of the relative roles of these processes in mountain range development globally. Here we compile estimates of exhumation, sedimentation, aridity and surface uplift across the Central Andes for the last 50 Ma. We aim to place constraints on the relative timing of rock uplift (displacement of rocks with respect to the geoid), exhumation (displacement of rocks with respect to the surface) …

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Entrainment And Horizontal Atmospheric Transport Of Microplastics From Soil, Sajjad Abbasi, Mahrooz Rezaei, Monireh Mina, Abdolmajid Sameni, Patryk Oleszczuk, Andrew Turner, Coen Ritsema Jan 2023

Entrainment And Horizontal Atmospheric Transport Of Microplastics From Soil, Sajjad Abbasi, Mahrooz Rezaei, Monireh Mina, Abdolmajid Sameni, Patryk Oleszczuk, Andrew Turner, Coen Ritsema

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Soils are an important source of microplastics (MPs) to the atmosphere but the fluxes and mechanisms involved in MPs entrainment are not well understood. In the present study, a series of horizontally aligned sediment traps have been deployed at different heights within 1 m above the ground for a two-month period at various locations in an arid region (Sarakhs, Iran). MPs were isolated from sediments and were quantified and characterised according to size, colour, shape and polymer composition by established techniques. Most MPs were <250 μm in length, fibres were the most important shape, black and blue-green were the dominant colours, and polymer abundance decreased in the order polyethylene > nylon > polypropylene > polystyrene > polyethylene terephthalate. The distributions of sediment mass (range <0.01–9 g) and number of MPs (range = 0 to 21) were heterogeneous, both between sites and at the different heights sampled, and yielded median, vertically-averaged horizontal fluxes for the region of about 450 g m−2 d−1 and 2600 MP m−2 d−1, respectively. However, when data were pooled, the number of MPs normalised to sediment mass exhibited a significant inverse relationship with sediment mass, an effect attributed to the presence of ambient suspended MPs and sediment that are diluted by the suspension of soil and deposited MPs at higher wind speeds. The mechanisms of MP saltation and entrainment were not ascertained but a theoretical framework for threshold shear velocity based on regularly-shaped particles and density considerations is presented. Further experimental work is required to verify this framework, and in particular for fibrous MPs with different aerodynamic properties to soil particles.

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Impacts Of Polyethylene Microplastics On The Microalga, Spirulina (Arthrospira Platensis), Sajjad Abbasi, Sahar Amiranipour, Javad Karimi, Sasan Mohsenzadeh, Andrew Turner Jan 2023

Impacts Of Polyethylene Microplastics On The Microalga, Spirulina (Arthrospira Platensis), Sajjad Abbasi, Sahar Amiranipour, Javad Karimi, Sasan Mohsenzadeh, Andrew Turner

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Microalgae play a critical role in the food web and biogeochemical cycling and produce compounds that are commercially exploited. However, their reactions and responses to microplastic contamination are not well understood. In this study, the widely distributed and commercially important cyanobacterium, Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis), was exposed to different concentrations (1–100 mg L−1) of low-density polyethylene microplastics (<5 μm) over a 20-d period. Various end-points were combined with different microscopic techniques in order to examine physiological and biochemical effects and interactions between the plastic and microalga. Growth rate and photosynthetic activity decreased with increasing microplastic concentration, and a maximum inhibition ratio of about 9% was calculated from optical density measurements. Plastic concentrations above 10 mg L−1 resulted in oxidative stress and the intracellular production of proline. Fragmentation and swelling of trichomes and attachment of microplastics was observed in the exposures, and microplastics appeared to adhere or aggregate around fragmented or fragmenting regions. The latter effect may indicate trichome weakening by microplastics or their concentration around cytosolic debris; nevertheless, it provides a potential mechanism for internalisation of small particles. Although unrealistically high concentrations of well-defined microplastics have been employed, relatively small disruptions at the population level incurred by lower concentrations could have more serious implications for ecosystem services and functioning.

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Influence Of Built Environment On Outdoor Thermal Comfort: A Comparative Study Of New And Old Urban Blocks In Guangzhou, Xingdong Deng, Weixiao Nie, Xiaohui Li, Jie Wu, Zhe Yin, Jiejie Han, Haonan Pan, Cho Kwong Charlie Lam Jan 2023

Influence Of Built Environment On Outdoor Thermal Comfort: A Comparative Study Of New And Old Urban Blocks In Guangzhou, Xingdong Deng, Weixiao Nie, Xiaohui Li, Jie Wu, Zhe Yin, Jiejie Han, Haonan Pan, Cho Kwong Charlie Lam

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Urban populations face increasing heat stress in cities. However, the influence of the built environment of new and old urban blocks on pedestrian thermal comfort remains unclear. This study selected typical old (Yongqingfang) and new urban areas (Knowledge City) in Guangzhou, China, as our research sites. Through field monitoring and surveys, we used physiological equivalent temperature (PET) and thermal comfort vote (TCV) to evaluate outdoor thermal comfort by thermal walk experiments. We analyzed the relationships between built environment variables, meteorological variables, and pedestrian thermal comfort at the two sites. Our analysis revealed significant differences in the built environment and meteorological …

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Occurrence And Characteristics Of Fibreglass-Reinforced Plastics And Microplastics On A Beach Impacted By Abandoned Fishing Boats: A Case Study From Chellanam, India, N. Manju Lekshmi, Sreejith S. Kumar, P. Muhamed Ashraf, S. P. Nehala, Leela Edwin, Andrew Turner Jan 2023

Occurrence And Characteristics Of Fibreglass-Reinforced Plastics And Microplastics On A Beach Impacted By Abandoned Fishing Boats: A Case Study From Chellanam, India, N. Manju Lekshmi, Sreejith S. Kumar, P. Muhamed Ashraf, S. P. Nehala, Leela Edwin, Andrew Turner

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Plastics and microplastics have been quantified and characterised at disposal sites of abandoned fishing boats and along the high-water line (HWL) of a fish landing centre in Chellanam, India. Fibreglass-reinforced plastic (FRP) made a greater contribution to the plastic pool at the disposal sites (~ 4.5 n m−2 and 18 g m−2) than the HWL (~ 0.25 n m−2 and < 1 g m−2) and was an abundant component of the microplastic pool at the former. Infrared analysis of micro-sized FRPs revealed various resins (e.g., alkyd, polyester, epoxy), while X-ray fluorescence analysis of the painted surfaces of meso-sized FRPs returned variable concentrations of copper and lead. Concentrations of Pb were high enough to contaminate sand up to ~400 mg kg−1. The relatively high density of FRP and its association with glass fibres and metal-bearing paints results in particles with potentially very different fates and toxicities to more “conventional” (non-composite) thermoplastics.

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Global Variability And Controls On The Accumulation Of Fallout Radionuclides In Cryoconite, Caroline C. Clason, Giovanni Baccolo, Edyta Łokas, Philip N. Owens, Przemyslaw Wachniew, Geoff E. Millward, Alex Taylor, Will H. Blake, Dylan B. Beard, Ewa Poniecka, Nick Selmes, Elizabeth A. Bagshaw, Joseph Cook, Ralph Fyfe, Melanie Hay, Deborah Land, Nozomu Takeuchi, Massimiliano Nastasi, Monica Sisti, Francesca Pittino, Andrea Franzetti, Roberto Ambrosini, Mauro B Di Jan 2023

Global Variability And Controls On The Accumulation Of Fallout Radionuclides In Cryoconite, Caroline C. Clason, Giovanni Baccolo, Edyta Łokas, Philip N. Owens, Przemyslaw Wachniew, Geoff E. Millward, Alex Taylor, Will H. Blake, Dylan B. Beard, Ewa Poniecka, Nick Selmes, Elizabeth A. Bagshaw, Joseph Cook, Ralph Fyfe, Melanie Hay, Deborah Land, Nozomu Takeuchi, Massimiliano Nastasi, Monica Sisti, Francesca Pittino, Andrea Franzetti, Roberto Ambrosini, Mauro B Di

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

The accumulation of fallout radionuclides (FRNs) from nuclear weapons testing and nuclear accidents has been evaluated for over half a century in natural environments; however, until recently their distribution and abundance within glaciers have been poorly understood. Following a series of individual studies of FRNs, specifically 137Cs, 241Am and 210Pb, deposited on the surface of glaciers, we now understand that cryoconite, a material commonly found in the supraglacial environment, is a highly efficient accumulator of FRNs, both artificial and natural. However, the variability of FRN activity concentrations in cryoconite across the global cryosphere has never been assessed. This study thus …

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Accumulation Of Polystyrene Nanoplastics And Triclosan By A Model Tooth-Carp Fish, Aphaniops Hormuzensis (Teleostei: Aphaniidae), Maryam Saemi-Komsari, Reza Pashaei, Sajjad Abbasi, Hamid Reza Esmaeili, Reda Dzingelevičienė, Hadavand B Shirkavand, Kalako M Pasalari, Malgorzata Szultka-Mlynska, Renata Gadzała-Kopciuch, Boguslaw Buszewski, Andrew Turner Jan 2023

Accumulation Of Polystyrene Nanoplastics And Triclosan By A Model Tooth-Carp Fish, Aphaniops Hormuzensis (Teleostei: Aphaniidae), Maryam Saemi-Komsari, Reza Pashaei, Sajjad Abbasi, Hamid Reza Esmaeili, Reda Dzingelevičienė, Hadavand B Shirkavand, Kalako M Pasalari, Malgorzata Szultka-Mlynska, Renata Gadzała-Kopciuch, Boguslaw Buszewski, Andrew Turner

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

The presence and effects of nanoplastics (NPs; <1 μm) in the aquatic environment are a growing concern. In this study, a model tooth-carp fish, Aphaniops hormuzensis, has been exposed to different concentrations of fluorescent polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NP) in its diet (up to 5 mg kg−1) over periods of 28 d and the particle accumulation in different tissues determined. Accumulation was observed in both digestive and non-digestive organs, with concentrations greater in the gut, liver and gill (up to 400 μg kg−1 dw) than in the skin and muscle (<180 μg kg−1 dw), but no dependency on exposure time or dose was evident. The presence of the organic contaminant, triclosan (TCS), in the diet and at concentrations up to 0.5 μg kg−1 did not affect PS-NP uptake by A. hormuzensis, while TCS accumulation in the whole body increased with time (up to 10 μg kg−1) and, likewise, appeared to be unaffected by the presence of PS-NPs. These observations suggest that the two contaminants do not interact with each other or that any interactions have no impact on accumulation. The results of this study add to the growing body of evidence that NPs can be translocated by aquatic organisms after ingestion, and reveal that, for the species and conditions employed, nanoplastics are accumulated more readily than a widely used organic chemical.

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Smart Water Metering As A Non-Invasive Tool To Infer Dwelling Type And Occupancy – Implications For The Collection Of Neighbourhood-Level Housing And Tourism Statistics, A. Newing, O. Hibbert, J. Van-Alwon, S. Ellaway, A. Smith Jan 2023

Smart Water Metering As A Non-Invasive Tool To Infer Dwelling Type And Occupancy – Implications For The Collection Of Neighbourhood-Level Housing And Tourism Statistics, A. Newing, O. Hibbert, J. Van-Alwon, S. Ellaway, A. Smith

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

The international rollout of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) in the residential water supply sector affords tremendous benefits in driving water-use efficiencies, accurate billing and network management (e.g. leak detection). AMI, using ‘smart meters’ fitted at a dwelling level, record water consumption at high temporal resolution. Since water is typically only consumed when householders are present, these data could offer a non intrusive means of inferring dwelling occupancy patterns. These insights could have a range of benefits dependent upon the spatiotemporal scale and the intended application – our interest is in the potential of these data to identify dwelling type, specifically …

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Comparing The Thermal Conductivity Of Three Artificial Soils Under Differing Moisture And Density Conditions For Use In Green Infrastructure, Paul H. Lunt, Kate Fuller, Matthew Fox, Steve Goodhew, Thomas R. Murphy Jan 2023

Comparing The Thermal Conductivity Of Three Artificial Soils Under Differing Moisture And Density Conditions For Use In Green Infrastructure, Paul H. Lunt, Kate Fuller, Matthew Fox, Steve Goodhew, Thomas R. Murphy

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Abstract Soil-based green infrastructure has the potential to improve building thermal performance and contribute to sustainable buildings. This study compares thermal conductivity response to soil moisture of three peat-free artificial soils to evaluate their potential use within green roofs and living walls. Thermal conductivity was measured with changing soil moisture and density. All soils showed higher thermal conductivity measures with increases in soil moisture. The ‘Biochar-coconut coir compost’ had the lowest thermal conductivity measures which displayed negligible response to density changes and exhibited the highest water holding capacity. When uncompacted, ‘FabSoil’ had low thermal conductivity measures, but when compacted, its …

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An Evidence Base Of Ecosystems Services Provided By Diadromous Fish In The European Atlantic Area, Matthew Ashley, Arantza Murillas, Angela Muench, Cristina Marta-Pedroso, Lynda Rodwell, Sian Rees, Emma Rendle, Tea Bašić, Gordon H. Copp, Estibaliz Díaz, David J. Nachón, Patrick Lambert, Geraldine Lassalle Jan 2023

An Evidence Base Of Ecosystems Services Provided By Diadromous Fish In The European Atlantic Area, Matthew Ashley, Arantza Murillas, Angela Muench, Cristina Marta-Pedroso, Lynda Rodwell, Sian Rees, Emma Rendle, Tea Bašić, Gordon H. Copp, Estibaliz Díaz, David J. Nachón, Patrick Lambert, Geraldine Lassalle

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Historical and existing environmental and human induced pressures have negatively impacted diadromous species, as well as benefits to humans, derived from the ecosystem services these species contribute to. As species move across national boundaries, successful management is rendered a complex process. Future climate change scenarios are likely to change species distributions, further impacting management and the benefits available to people across each species range. To provide an evidence base on the contribution of eleven diadromous fish populations to ecosystem services, and so gains and losses of ecosystem service benefits in the European Atlantic Area, we completed an evidence review of …

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Sea-Ice Decline Could Keep Zooplankton Deeper For Longer, Hauke Flores, Gaëlle Veyssière, Giulia Castellani, Jeremy Wilkinson, Mario Hoppmann, Michael Karcher, Lovro Valcic, Astrid Cornils, Maxime Geoffroy, Marcel Nicolaus, Barbara Niehoff, Pierre Priou, Katrin Schmidt, Julienne Stroeve Jan 2023

Sea-Ice Decline Could Keep Zooplankton Deeper For Longer, Hauke Flores, Gaëlle Veyssière, Giulia Castellani, Jeremy Wilkinson, Mario Hoppmann, Michael Karcher, Lovro Valcic, Astrid Cornils, Maxime Geoffroy, Marcel Nicolaus, Barbara Niehoff, Pierre Priou, Katrin Schmidt, Julienne Stroeve

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

AbstractAs Arctic sea ice deteriorates, more light enters the ocean, causing largely unknown effects on the ecosystem. Using an autonomous biophysical observatory, we recorded zooplankton vertical distribution under Arctic sea ice from dusk to dawn of the polar night. Here we show that zooplankton ascend into the under-ice habitat during autumn twilight, following an isolume of 2.4 × 10−4 W m−2. We applied this trigger isolume to CMIP6 model outputs accounting for incoming radiation after sunset and before sunrise of the polar night. The models project that, in about three decades, the total time spent by zooplankton in the under-ice …

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Who Are The Marine Fungi?, Michael Cunliffe Jan 2023

Who Are The Marine Fungi?, Michael Cunliffe

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Fungi are widespread throughout marine habitats. Most marine fungi are microscopic, either microfungi, yeasts, or swimming zoospore-producing groups such as the Chytridiomycota (‘the chytrids’). The macroscopic exceptions are the marine lichens along coastlines. Marine mushrooms are yet to be discovered. The functional roles of marine fungi include parasites (e.g., infecting phytoplankton; Hassett & Gradinger, 2016), saprotrophs recycling organic matter (e.g., degrading phytoplanktonproduced polysaccharides; Cunliffe et al., 2017) and in symbiosis with other marine life (e.g., seaweeds; Bonthond et al., 2022). Here, I briefly summarize my perspective of marine fungi with an emphasis on identity. Looking into the crystal ball, I …

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Assessing The Association Between Overcrowding And Human Physiological Stress Response In Different Urban Contexts: A Case Study In Salzburg, Austria, Zhaoxi Zhang, Kristýna Měchurová, Bernd Resch, Prince Amegbor, Clive E. Sabel Jan 2023

Assessing The Association Between Overcrowding And Human Physiological Stress Response In Different Urban Contexts: A Case Study In Salzburg, Austria, Zhaoxi Zhang, Kristýna Měchurová, Bernd Resch, Prince Amegbor, Clive E. Sabel

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Overcrowding in densely populated urban areas is increasingly becoming an issue for mental health disorders. Yet, only few studies have examined the association between overcrowding in cities and physiological stress responses. Thus, this study employed wearable sensors (a wearable camera, an Empatica E4 wristband and a smartphone-based GPS) to assess the association between overcrowding and human physiological stress response in four types of urban contexts (green space, transit space, commercial space, and blue space). A case study with 26 participants was conducted in Salzburg, Austria. We used Mask R-CNN to detect elements related to overcrowding such as human crowds, sitting …

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Isotopic Signatures Of Plutonium In The Global Cryosphere, Edyta Łokas, Giovanni Baccolo, Caroline Clason, Przemysław Wachniew, Nozomu Takeuchi, Krzysztof Zawierucha, Dylan Beard, Roberto Ambrosini, Francesca Pittino, Andrea Franzetti, Philip Owens, Anna Cwanek, Katarzyna Koltonik Jan 2023

Isotopic Signatures Of Plutonium In The Global Cryosphere, Edyta Łokas, Giovanni Baccolo, Caroline Clason, Przemysław Wachniew, Nozomu Takeuchi, Krzysztof Zawierucha, Dylan Beard, Roberto Ambrosini, Francesca Pittino, Andrea Franzetti, Philip Owens, Anna Cwanek, Katarzyna Koltonik

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Variability In Feeding Habitats Of Red Deer Sensu Lato In Eurasia In The Late Pleistocene And Holocene, Maciej Sykut, Sławomira Pawełczyk, Natalia Piotrowska, Krzysztof Stefaniak, Bogdan Ridush, Daniel Makowiecki, Pavel Kosintsev, Barbara Wilkens, Tomasz Borowik, Ralph Fyfe, Jessie Woodbridge, Magdalena Niedziałkowska Jan 2023

Variability In Feeding Habitats Of Red Deer Sensu Lato In Eurasia In The Late Pleistocene And Holocene, Maciej Sykut, Sławomira Pawełczyk, Natalia Piotrowska, Krzysztof Stefaniak, Bogdan Ridush, Daniel Makowiecki, Pavel Kosintsev, Barbara Wilkens, Tomasz Borowik, Ralph Fyfe, Jessie Woodbridge, Magdalena Niedziałkowska

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Red deer (Cervus elaphus) is one of the species that is rather wide spread and survived across Europe over the Holocene. The analyses of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in bone collagen of ungulate remains have been applied in paleoecological studies as environmental and dietary indicators. In this study we present the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope compositions of previously radiocarbon-dated red deer bone samples (N = 68) found in Central, Southern and Eastern Europe and Asia and aligned to one of two species: European red deer (Cervus elaphus) and wapiti (Cervus canadensis). We showed that the values of carbon …

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Legacy Radionuclides In Cryoconite And Proglacial Sediment On Orwell Glacier, Signy Island, Antarctica, Philip N. Owens, Tim A. Stott, Will H. Blake, Geoffrey E. Millward Jan 2023

Legacy Radionuclides In Cryoconite And Proglacial Sediment On Orwell Glacier, Signy Island, Antarctica, Philip N. Owens, Tim A. Stott, Will H. Blake, Geoffrey E. Millward

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Cryoconite is a specific type of material found on the surface of glaciers and icesheets. Samples of cryoconite were collected from the Orwell Glacier and its moraines, together with suspended sediment from the proglacial stream on Signy Island, part of the South Orkney Islands, Antarctica. The activity concentrations of certain fallout radionuclides were determined in the cryoconite, moraine and suspended sediment, in addition to particle size composition and %C and %N. For cryoconite samples (n = 5), mean activity concentrations (±1SD) of 137Cs, 210Pbun and 241Am were 13.2 ± 20.9, 66.1 ± 94.0 and 0.32 ± 0.64 Bq kg−1, respectively. …

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Terrestrial Carbon Isotope Stratigraphy Of The Eocene–Oligocene Transition, Petrockstowe And Bovey Basins, Devon, Uk, Mohammed S. Chaanda, Stephen T. Grimes, Rhodri M. Jerrett, Mark Anderson, Melanie J. Leng, Meriel E. Fitzpatrick, Gregory D. Price Jan 2023

Terrestrial Carbon Isotope Stratigraphy Of The Eocene–Oligocene Transition, Petrockstowe And Bovey Basins, Devon, Uk, Mohammed S. Chaanda, Stephen T. Grimes, Rhodri M. Jerrett, Mark Anderson, Melanie J. Leng, Meriel E. Fitzpatrick, Gregory D. Price

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

The terrestrial sediments of the Petrockstowe and Bovey basins in Devon, UK were examined. Their age is considered to be Eocene and Oligocene. The sediments (kaolinitic clays, silts, sands, gravels, and lignites) from both basins were analysed for carbon isotopes of organic material, in conjunction with total organic carbon and palynological analyses used to unravel the type of and provenance of organic matter present. Within the Petrockstowe Basin, the lowermost interval examined shows a palynological distribution dominated by phytoclasts, whilst the upper part of the core is dominated by higher concentrations of palynomorphs (up to 90 %) and an increase …

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Understanding The Motivations And Implications Of Climate Emergency Declarations In Cities: The Case Of Italy, Monica Salvia, Diana Reckien, Davide Geneletti, Filomena Pietrapertosa, Valentina D'Alonzo, Gregorio Hurtado S De, Souran Chatterjee, Xuemei Bai, Diana Ürge-Vorsatz Jan 2023

Understanding The Motivations And Implications Of Climate Emergency Declarations In Cities: The Case Of Italy, Monica Salvia, Diana Reckien, Davide Geneletti, Filomena Pietrapertosa, Valentina D'Alonzo, Gregorio Hurtado S De, Souran Chatterjee, Xuemei Bai, Diana Ürge-Vorsatz

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

This study investigates the climate emergency declaration (CED) movement in cities and its effects and synergies with local climate planning. Urban areas are experiencing a wide range of climate-induced extreme events, particularly those located in the Mediterranean hotspot. The focus is on Italian cities, which have only recently become key players in climate planning. The method is based on the collection, analysis, and comparison of data on CEDs and local climate plans (LCPs), integrated with information on city membership in climate networks, to extrapolate key performance indicators of the CED movement. The results show that the CED movement can motivate …

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Chemical Speciation Of Sediment Phosphorus In A Ramsar Wetland, Ry Crocker, William H. Blake, Thomas H. Hutchinson, Sean Comber Jan 2023

Chemical Speciation Of Sediment Phosphorus In A Ramsar Wetland, Ry Crocker, William H. Blake, Thomas H. Hutchinson, Sean Comber

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient, which at excessive concentrations can cause eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems. In freshwater wetlands, water quality deteriorates under these conditions, often succumbing to algal or duckweed dominance, over the biodiversity of other aquatic vegetation. Freshwater sediment may act as an internal source of legacy bound P that can induce production of algal and duckweed blooms beyond what may be expected from external loading of P alone. This study assesses the mobility, bioavailability, and origin of phosphorus in wetland ditch systems at the designated site of special scientific interest, West Sedgemoor. Based upon associations with different …

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Spatial And Seasonal Variations In Dissolved Methane Across A Large Lake, Mike Peacock, Scott J. Davidson, Dolly N. Kothawala, Joel Segersten, Martyn N. Futter Jan 2023

Spatial And Seasonal Variations In Dissolved Methane Across A Large Lake, Mike Peacock, Scott J. Davidson, Dolly N. Kothawala, Joel Segersten, Martyn N. Futter

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Lakes process large volumes of organic carbon (OC), are important sources of methane (CH4), and contribute to climatic warming. However, there is a lack of data from large lakes >500 km2, which creates uncertainty in global budgets. In this data article, we present dissolved CH4, OC bioreactivity measurements, water chemistry, and algal biovolumes at 11 stations across Lake Mälaren, the third largest (1,074 km2) Swedish lake. Total phosphorus concentrations show that during the study period the lake was classed as mesotrophic/eutrophic. Overall mean CH4 concentration from all stations, sampled five times to cover seasonal variation, was 2.51 μg l−1 (0.98–5.39 …

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Effects Of Preservation By Ethanol On Δ13c And Δ15n Of Three Tissues Of The Critically Endangered European Eel Anguilla Anguilla, Rose M. Boardman, Adrian C. Pinder, Adam T. Piper, Catherine Gutmann Roberts, Rosalind M. Wright, John Robert Britton Jan 2023

Effects Of Preservation By Ethanol On Δ13c And Δ15n Of Three Tissues Of The Critically Endangered European Eel Anguilla Anguilla, Rose M. Boardman, Adrian C. Pinder, Adam T. Piper, Catherine Gutmann Roberts, Rosalind M. Wright, John Robert Britton

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

The temporal effects of ethanol preservation on the δ13C and δ15N values of tissues excised from European eel Anguilla anguilla were assessed. Preservation significantly enriched 13C values of fin and mucus but not dorsal muscle. The 13C enrichment occurred in the initial 15 days of preservation and was independent of initial eel mass. Tissue preservation effects on δ15N values were negligible. These tissue-specific isotopic shifts should be considered when ethanol-preserved eel samples are used.

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Psychedelic Assisted Psychotherapy: Equity Through Contextual Frameworks, Emanuel Hermosillo Jan 2023

Psychedelic Assisted Psychotherapy: Equity Through Contextual Frameworks, Emanuel Hermosillo

Graduate School of Professional Psychology: Doctoral Papers and Masters Projects

Psychedelic assisted psychotherapy (PAP) is a psychotherapeutic modality in which the non-ordinary states of consciousness that result from the consumption of psychedelic medicines are utilized to facilitate therapeutic healing. A wide range of cultures have used a variety of these psychotropic substances as medicines since ancient times, and there has been a resurgence of interest in their beneficial properties across many disciplines including psychology. Given that there are extra dimensions of vulnerability in using these medicines therapeutically, increased attention needs to be given to diversity, equity, and inclusion across psychedelic research and clinical practices. This paper focuses on how internal …

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Study Abroad And The Global Public Good: A Developmental Evaluation Of The International Business Major, Sara Barbier Bularzik Jan 2023

Study Abroad And The Global Public Good: A Developmental Evaluation Of The International Business Major, Sara Barbier Bularzik

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Study abroad, for any length of time and in any location, is widely recognized in higher education as a positive educational activity. While individual benefits of study abroad have been explored for decades, recent research has pushed the field to consider benefits for the local and global community. This program evaluation contributes to this line of inquiry by asking international business majors about the influences on their study abroad program choice process and the involvement of the university’s mission to positively impact the public good. Using developmental program evaluation and UNESCO’s global citizenship education theory, this study found that students …

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Does News Platform Matter? Comparing Online Journalistic Role Performance To Newspaper, Radio, And Television, Claudia Mellado, Nicole Blanchett, Agnieszka Stępińska, Cornelia Mothes, Sophie Lecheler, David Blanco-Herrero, Yi Ning Katherine Chen, Akiba A. Cohen, Sergey Davydov, Mariana De Maio, Filip Dingerkus, Hassam Elhamy, Miguel Garcés-Prettel, Cyriac Gousset, Daniel C. Hallin, María Luisa Humanes, Marju Himma-Kadakas, Claudia Kozman, Misook Lee, Christi I.Hsuan Lin, Mireya Márquez-Ramírez, Jorge Maza-Córdova, Kieran Mcguinness, Karen Mcintyre, Jacques Mick, Ana Milojevic, Cristina Navarro, Dasniel Olivera Jan 2023

Does News Platform Matter? Comparing Online Journalistic Role Performance To Newspaper, Radio, And Television, Claudia Mellado, Nicole Blanchett, Agnieszka Stępińska, Cornelia Mothes, Sophie Lecheler, David Blanco-Herrero, Yi Ning Katherine Chen, Akiba A. Cohen, Sergey Davydov, Mariana De Maio, Filip Dingerkus, Hassam Elhamy, Miguel Garcés-Prettel, Cyriac Gousset, Daniel C. Hallin, María Luisa Humanes, Marju Himma-Kadakas, Claudia Kozman, Misook Lee, Christi I.Hsuan Lin, Mireya Márquez-Ramírez, Jorge Maza-Córdova, Kieran Mcguinness, Karen Mcintyre, Jacques Mick, Ana Milojevic, Cristina Navarro, Dasniel Olivera

All Works

The shifting role of journalism in a digital age has affected long-standing journalistic norms across media platforms. This has reinvigorated discussion on how work in online newsrooms compares to other platforms that differ in media affordances and forms. Still, more studies are needed on whether those differences translate into distinct practices, especially when examining cross-national studies. Based on a content analysis of 148,474 stories produced by 365 media organizations from 37 countries, this article compares the performance of journalistic roles in online newsrooms to three other types of media—TV, radio, and print. The paper analyzes if journalistic roles present themselves …

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Investigating The Potential For Industrial Dairy Farms To Move Towards Sustainability In Western Michigan, Kendra Kay Slater, Rebecca Williams Jan 2023

Investigating The Potential For Industrial Dairy Farms To Move Towards Sustainability In Western Michigan, Kendra Kay Slater, Rebecca Williams

Student Summer Scholars Manuscripts

Industrial dairy farms, also referred to as concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOS) or factory farms, are often known for the negative effects they have on the environment and animals. However, these farms are the backbone of our food systems supplying 99% of our dairy and meat in the United States. In this qualitative case study, we conduct in-depth interviews and farm transect walks with five industrial dairy farmers in Western Michigan to examine how they view and define sustainability, how they incorporate sustainable practices on their farms, and what they perceive as the barriers to industrial dairy sustainability. To analyze …

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