Digital Commons Network^™

Covid-19 And Public Spaces: Improving Quality And Resilience For Healthier Places Case Study Liberty Square In Biskra, Hocine Boumaraf, Faiza Dahmouche, Louisa Amireche

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

The current Covid-19 pandemic has interested the world, changing habits and use of places. During the lockdown period, public spaces became empty, and new urban landscapes replaced the previous ones, transforming the private into the public. Children, young and elderly people were those who mainly had problems: to them, real life was negated at the time of their life, which is more critical reopening all public spaces once again allowed social interactions “in the presence”, although with respect for physical distancing, confirming the importance of these places for all. Safe urban public spaces are essential due to their public health …

Urban Resilience And City Infrastructure Urban Resilience Of Baghdad, Sanaa Sati Abbas, Sura Kassim

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

This paper aims to study urban resilience as an adaptive system in a complex dynamic world along with its ability to comprehend disorder, change and reorganization to conserve identity. Urban resilience can be understood through the interrelationship between people and nature as a source-ecological system. The case study is represented by analyzing (Edlayd City in Australia) in depending on resilience advantages in which optimized by a renewable resource, zero carbon, equity in distributing energy, active environment, sustainable transportation and investing natural materials. Hence, these advantages have been applied on (Al-Karkh Haifa Street) in Baghdad in order to develop its infrastructure …

Integration Of Formal Structure In Urban Centers, Khansaa Ghazi Rasheed, Mohammed Kareem Salman

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Today, our cities are witnessing rapid expansion, growth and transformation to meet needs, The most important of these transformations is the transform of parts of residential neighborhoods into urban centers dynamically with the growth and expansion of the city, And this made us stand on the problems experienced by these modern urban centers of the absence of the elements of a structured structure integrated with them as well as the factors that affect this came this research to highlight this important aspect of urban development and urbanization. The research deal with the definition of urban centers , patterns and the …

Housing Contribution To Urban Regeneration - A Case Study Of The Welsh Housing Quality Standards (Whqs) And The Can Do Toolkit In Uk Wales, Wajdan Dehaa Abdul Jalil, Hussaen Ali Hasan Kahachi

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

This research is looking at notion of urban regeneration and housing role on it. the research is structured into two parts; the first part is concerned with defining urban regeneration, its importance, and the and the different factors in academic literature. then it continues by dividing and thoroughly analyzing/discussing the different housing contributions to urban regeneration both directly and indirectly. it will provide critical review of these contributions against future needs and changes. the second part will further evaluate all discussed in the first part in practice through a casestudy of the welsh housing quality standards (whqs) and "the can …

Sustainable Transportation And Urban Form, Sanaa Sati Abbas, Yahya Tayyeh Imran

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

The development of the means of transportation lead to travelling to new areas, and settled in suburban, so it was necessary to study the relationship between sustainable transportation and urban form .The research problem was that (there was a gab about the role of sustainable transportation in urban form). The aim of this paper is to build a theoretical frame work about this relationships. The paper described and analyzed two, Arabic and international samples, which have been chosen according to the variety of sustainable transportation as an urban strategy .The paper concluded that, the urban form based on sustainable transportation …

The Role Of International Legislation And Charters In The Tourism Industry Study In Buildings And Historical Centers, Asmaa M. H. Al- Moqaram, Sumbul Muhammed Yunus Saki

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

In many countries tourism industry considered a social and cultural phenomenon, in its role in changing work patterns and standards of living and income distribution. The success or fail of this industry depend on many environmental factors, natural (such as land, water, plants) and unnatural (man-made heritage buildings and historical cities).all this need different Interventions to create a magnet for tourists especially in valuable buildings. One of these are Legislation and conventions to manage and planning these environment. The research problem is the need to explore the Iraqi and international Legislations and conventions, by comparing between them we can identify …

The Effect Of Smart Growth Principles On Affordable Housing, Sanaa Sati Abbas, Tamara Mutaz Abdulmaged

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

The concept affordable housing deals with affording adequate housing to a moderate and low income households. The research defined affordable housing as housing deals with moderate and low income households (60%-80% AMI) that housing costs don’t exceed (30%) of their annual income (renting or owning) , while smart growth is defined as a development that contains a set of principles related to compact design and affordable housing .The research problem is embodied as (a knowledge gap about the effects of smart growth principles at a micro scale on the costs of affordable housing).The research built a theoretical framework including both …

The Role Of Streetscape Properties To Achieve User’S Aesthetic Response, Rawaa Fawzi Naom Abbawi, Neda Khalil Ibrahim

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Urban spaces, as part of the city that could shape landscape are needed to form an essential systemic part of the city and due to the lack of streetscape as part of the city landscape to the demands and that achieves user’s respond and interact. This study is concerned with user’s demands related to streetscape and the role that is played by it’s various elements through a responsive design to user’s needs from an aesthetic point of view, The hypothesis of this study is manifested through “Disparity and deferential user’s aesthetical response to the various characteristics of streetscape as relevant …

The Effect Of Religious Monuments In The Plan Of The Arabianislamic City Samarra City – Case Study, Asma Niazy Taher, Mahdi Saleh A.H. Al-Ataabi, Zaid Mohammed Al-Abbasi

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Religious monument is considered as one of the most distinguished elements which form one of the components of architectural structure, religious monument’s importance stands out from the religious affiliation of the city’s people (Spiritual affiliation). Also considered one of the distinguished architectural elements and recognized architectural identity, which have drawn the mental image for the formation of religious cities in people’s memory. The research depends on studying the plans of the religious cities specifically the Arabian Islamic cities; for its religious importance and the clearness of the religious factor’s impact in its creation and planning, and from reviewing the previous …

The Application Of Fengshuiin The Design Of Contemporary Architecture And Its Environment, Areej Kareem Al-Sadkhan, Lena Auday Hatem

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

This research discuss a scientific vision about the natural components of the environment and its effect on the urban environment and human in particular, all this will be discussed within the framework of an ancient discipline known in China as the art to determine the best conditions for the construction of buildings or development of cities, called "FengShui".It is a practical technique, designed to find the right place, good direction, good shape, good proportion and good arrangement for designing the best environment in which to live. "FengShui" is a mean of assessing the environment and provides the techniques for local …

The Effect Of Morphological Changes In Urban Fabric On Its Syntactical Properties-A Case Study In Mosul Old Suq-, Mumtaz Hazim Aldauji, Hussain Salmaan Albutani, Ayad Waleed Jalal

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Urban centers had been grew and expanded gradually with a little renewal of their parts . In the past, this process was very slowly due to limited development in needs .Most renewal works occurred as a response to destruction caused by natural disasters or wars . This was true until the industrial revolution which was accompanied with a dramatic changes in transportation systems and the necessity to erect wide streets in most historic centers .In many cases ,these works did not take in consideration the importance of spatial attributes of such centers . Assuming that syntactical properties of any urban …

Formal Characteristics Of Vernacular Architecture In Erbil City And Other Iraqi Cities, Mahmood Ahmed Bakir Khayat, Binyad Maruf Abdulkadir Khaznadar

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

No abstract provided.

Landscape Architecture In Architectural Education, Rawaa Fawzi Naom Abbawi, Ahmed Yousif Al Omary

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Landscape design is taught at Iraqi architectural colleges at the 4th stage in one semester. Due to the increasing importance of this material and its environmental, ecological, aesthetic and designing impacts on design and in order to reinforce its role in the architectural learning in the undergraduate and postgraduate studies at the architectural departments, the study problem focus on the deficiency of attention paid for this material and the qualification of the graduated architect. Search has been made in both Arabic and foreign universities and institutes to examine the teaching of this material as related to curriculum, teaching hours and …

Characteristics Of Urban Housing Units And Their Relation To The Economic And Social Characteristics Of Their Residents - A Field Study On The City Of Mosul, Mumtaz Hazim Aldauji

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Iraqi cities have a rapid growth in their urban area with explosive populationincrease. This growth is accompanied with advent of various residential pattems. Thephenomenon is conspicuously explicit in Mosul as the major urban center in the northregion of Iraq.The hypothesis which states that residential pattems -by means of their physicalfeatures and location within urban area- are correlated with the occupants'characteristics including demographic, socio-economic, ethnic, cultural . . etc. isadopted and to be tested in order to determine the nature and scope ofthis relationshipin Mosul.

Stop Preventing Prevention: Securing Minors' Access To Hiv Care, Sarah Steadman

Health Matrix: The Journal of Law-Medicine

A troubling state legislative trend is emerging, marked by regressive restrictions on minors’ sexual health care autonomy, which increases their risk of HIV infection. This trend aligns with the current political hostility towards access to reproductive health care, including minors’ access to contraceptives. Access to HIV preventive care may become collateral damage as politicized parental control legislation aims to roll back established norms that recognized the public health imperative of allowing minorsto independently consent to sexual health care, including HIV testing and treatment, thereby encouraging their uptake. This backsliding is occurring as rates of HIV infection among youth are unacceptably …

Kissing Up, Kicking Down: How Brics Enables South African Sub-Imperialism, Karan Kuppa-Apte

Bates College Journal of Political Studies

South Africa has framed its BRICS membership as a strategic pivot from the West to the Global South. However, the country remains close to the Western-led order and reproduces unequal economic relations with its regional neighbors. This paper argues that South Africa's inability to break its dependency on the West and reorient itself towards BRICS is caused by an elite-driven approach to IPE that deepens longstanding dependencies, feeds into corruption, and encourages accumulation by dispossession. After establishing a theoretical framework based on dependency theory, world systems theory, and sub-imperialism, this paper identifies the minerals-energy complex (MEC), neoliberal post-apartheid reforms, and …

Guerillas, Manpads, And How To Shift A Conflict In Favor Of The Weaker Side, Augustus Mfxu Giller

Bates College Journal of Political Studies

The Soviet Afghan War has emerged in popular culture and scholarship as a quintessential case of an innovative and superior technology being able to foil an enemy that would have otherwise emerged as the victor of a conflict. This is almost always in reference to the Afghan Mujahedin being able to counter technologically superior Soviet MI-24 Gunship Helicopters with American heat-seeking missiles. However, this assumption is largely shortsighted to the actual dynamics present in the Soviet Afghan conflict. Specifically, the failure to understand how an unconventional conflict like the Soviet Afghan war is fought, and an ineffective assessment of the …

Everybody Wants To Rule The World: How Ballistic Missile Defenses Can Reduce The Risk Of War, Aanya Ghosh

Bates College Journal of Political Studies

Debates over ballistic missile defense often assume that defensive capability inherently destabilizes deterrence by eroding mutual vulnerability. This article challenges that assumption by arguing that the strategic effects of missile defense are neither predetermined nor uniform. Limited and layered defensive systems generate two simultaneous pressures: stabilizing deterrence-by-denial effects against limited coercive threats and destabilizing uncertainty regarding long-term retaliatory viability. Which mechanism prevails depends not on defensive technology alone, but on policy design—specifically system scale, doctrinal framing, and integration within the broader offense-defense relationship. Drawing on classical deterrence theory, offense-defense scholarship, and contemporary analyses by Roberts, Wilkening, and Daalder, Goldgeier, and …

Four Reconstructions Of Early Vertical Aspirations, Edgar Calabia Samar

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.

An Island Adrift, Jinhyoung Lee

Kritika Kultura

This essay addresses Korean islanders who were produced and disregarded by Japanese colonialism as colonial wasted lives under the Japanese colonial regime on the Korean Peninsula by examining Se-dŏk Ham’s drama “Mui-do Gihaeng” through a conjunction of Zygmunt Bauman’s conception of wasted humans and Giorgio Agamben’s discussion of Auschwitz. As an inevitable and inseparable outcome of the colonial order-building process— particularly in Korean marine territory—colonial wasted lives, rendered disenfranchised and excluded, inhabit a marginal island in the West Sea, where they seek only survival under the constant risk of death, thereby engendering the routinization of death. This condition enables their …

Archipelagic Monstrosity: The Manananggal In Isabel Yap’S “Good Girls”, Kam Tou Pang

Kritika Kultura

Discussions about the monster have always hinged on the modes of othering or assimilation, yet through mobilizing negative and positive affective registers respectively, they both objectify the monster in service of a normativizing agenda of managing the abnormal, eventually inhibiting the monster’s potentialities in feeling and relating otherwise. This essay traces the historicities of the manananggal, a Philippine folkloric monster, and compares key cultural and literary representations within and beyond the Philippines. In particular, it examines the short story “Good Girls” from the speculative short story collection Never Have I Ever (2021) by the transnational Filipina American writer Isabel Yap. …

Post-Anthropocentric Relations Unbound: Affirmative Ethics Of Loneliness In Children’S Robinsonades, Chengcheng You

Kritika Kultura

Informed by critical island studies, loneliness studies and posthumanist thought, with a particular emphasis on Rosi Braidotti’s propositions of affirmative ethics and zoe, this study focuses on children’s Robinsonades, specifically Scott O’Dell’s Island of the Blue Dolphins (1960) and Peter Brown’s The Wild Robot (2016), to examine how the isolation setting intensifies characters’ experiences of loneliness in a productive tension with the island’s abundant ecological responsiveness. It delves into the shift in loneliness from negative to affirmative, and its narrative potential for crafting a posthuman condition in which the recognition of zoe elicits post-anthropocentric relations. Through intersectional theoretical lenses, loneliness …

Introduction: Waves Of Emotion: Theorizing Archipelagic Affects, Jeremy De Chavez

Kritika Kultura

This essay introduces this issue’s Forum Kritika on Waves of Emotion: Theorizing Archipelagic Affects which gathers representative papers presented at the Critical Island Studies Colloquium held at the University of Macau in April 2024. It begins with a reflection on the concept of archipelagic affects by first moving affects and emotions beyond the confines of continental thought and then resituating them within an archipelagic frame attuned to colonial histories, diasporic routes, and Indigenous epistemologies, while emphasizing relationality over totality, opacity over mastery, and multiplicity over singularity. To honor that shift, this essay abandons the conventional introductory responsibilities of framing and …

From Affective Placemaking To Fandom Activism: A Reinterpretation Of Contents Tourism In The Context Of K-Drama Fandom, Hanki Jo, Areum Choi

Kritika Kultura

This study reconceptualizes contents tourism not as simple consumption or sightseeing but as a cyclical structure of affective practices—an “affective practice loop”—comprising emotional invocation, spatial performativity, and digital narrativization. This analytical framework explains how fans respond affectively to media narratives, project emotions performatively onto places, and digitally narrativize these experiences, thereby co-constructing personal identity and cultural space. Using the 2024 Korean drama Lovely Runner as a case study, this study shows how this loop is enacted through field-level fan engagement in contents tourism. It further reinterprets fandom practices along this sequence, not as mere media consumption but as fandom activism …

The Practices Of Hallyu Fandom As A Digital Neo-Tribe: Trans-Bricolage And Post-Coding, Soongbeum Ahn, Taeryong Kim

Kritika Kultura

This study examines global Hallyu (Korean Wave) fandom as a pluralistic, heterogeneous counter current within the decentralizing flow of global popular culture. It conceptualizes this fandom as a form of digital neo-tribe and interprets its fluid, ever-shifting character through the theoretical lens of liquidity. To better understand the performative practices of these fan communities, the study adopts and applies the concepts of trans-bricolage and postcoding. Hallyu fandom practices can be broadly divided into two types: cultural practices and economic practices. Cultural practices are expressed through the reappropriation of K-content’s forms and messages via modes such as quotation/commentary, reference/borrowing, and transformation/modification. …

Frontier Crossings Of A 19th Century French Missionary Foundress Of British Malaya: Mathilde Raclot, Anne Vanessa Vincent, Shanthini Pillai, Suziana Mat Saad

Kritika Kultura

This article explores the life and work of Mathilde Raclot, a French Catholic nun who became the first missionary foundress in British Malaya. Catholic nuns were obligated to adhere to stringent canon laws, which mandated them to lead a secluded life immediately upon taking their solemn vows. When Raclot was called to serve in Malaya, embarking on a journey of geographical transitions from European to Asian waterways brought her out of seclusion. We analyze Raclot’s journey to British Malaya by incorporating the concepts of heterogeneous frontiers from the perspective of a female French missionary to unearth gendered perspectives of French …

Emotion Regulation And Autism: A Literature Review, Quinn Bethea

Honors Theses

This comprehensive literature review investigates the increasing research on emotional regulation and autism, as well as the effect they have on each other.

The literature search was conducted using databases such as Google Scholar, National Institute of Health, and the Mississippi State Library. The inclusion criteria focused on studies that examined emotion regulation, autism, or the impact of emotion regulation and autism on each other.

The review accomplished several points. First, it defined what autism is, and it defined what emotion regulation is. Second, it examined how autism and emotion regulation, or dysregulation, affect each other. Third, it brought attention …

An Alignment Of Absences: The Medicalization Of Death And Its Implications On Archaeological Methodology, Makayla J. Bowman

Departmental Honors & Graduate Capstone Projects

Absence describes something that is "expected, wanted, or looked for [but] is not present or does not exist," (Merriam-Webster Dictionary 2026). The archaeological discipline interacts with absence in many profound ways, largely in its study of the past dead. This paper focuses on the ways in which the medicalization of death has influenced, limited, and misaligned archaeological methodology, and how the result of those methodologies produces archaeological analysis that is absent of or misrepresents our understanding of life, personhood, and our position within a greater, interconnected biosphere. Thus, I present an anthropological critique of the ways in which death and …

The Brethren In China: Cross-Cultural Relationships Within An Imperial Structure, Sebastian S. Kochall

History and Political Science Student Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Foundations Of Art: Materials, Methods, And Meaning, Elizabeth Mellott

Art OERs

This course provides an introduction to the tools, materials, and processes used across a wide range of artistic media. The focus is on understanding how different materials shape the way art is created and experienced. Attention is given not only to what artists make, but also to why particular media are chosen to communicate specific ideas, emotions, or perspectives. The physical qualities of materials, the methods used, and the cultural meanings attached to them all influence artistic decision-making.

The course surveys several major categories of artistic media. Pigment-based practices include painting, drawing, and printmaking, where color and mark-making form the …