Digital Commons Network^™

Marine Protection And Environmental Forcing Influence Fish-Derived Nutrient Cycling In Kelp Forests, June Shrestha, Joseph R. Peters, Jennifer E. Caselle, Scott L. Hamilton

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Animal consumers excrete dissolved inorganic nitrogen, an essential nutrient for regulating primary production and macroalgal growth in the ocean. Often overlooked in attempts to explain kelp forest productivity, relatively little is known about the role of consumers in nutrient cycling in temperate systems, such as the magnitude of nutrients excreted and the factors that influence spatial and temporal variability in consumer-derived nutrients. To investigate the supply of ammonium (NH4+) excreted by the dominant members of the nearshore rocky reef fish community, we combined empirically-measured relationships between excretion rate and body mass with data on fish density and size structure from …

Next Steps For Assessing Ocean Iron Fertilization For Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal, Ken O. Buesseler, Daniele Bianchi, Fei Chai, Jay T. Cullen, Margaret Estapa, Nicholas Hawco, Seth John, Dennis J. Mcgillicuddy, Paul J. Morris, Sara Nawaz, Nishioka, Anh Pham, Kilaparti Ramakrishna, David A. Siegel, Sarah R. Smith, Deborah Steinberg, Kendra A. Turk-Kubo, Benjamin S. Twining, Romany M. Webb

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

There are many potential approaches to marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR), of which ocean iron fertilization (OIF) has the longest history of study. However, OIF studies to date were not primarily designed to quantify the durability of carbon (C) storage, nor how wise OIF might be as an mCDR approach. To quantify C sequestration, we introduce a metric called the “centennial tonne,” defined as 1,000 kg of C isolated from atmospheric contact for on average at least 100 years. We present the activities needed to assess OIF from a scientific and technological perspective, and additionally, how it might be responsibly …

Rescaling: Change Agency And The Emerging Geography Of Economic Relationships, Markus Grillitsch, Björn Asheim, Nichola Lowe, Sophie Kelmenson, Lea Fünfschilling, Karl Johan Lundquist, Yahia Mahmoud, Mikhail Martynovich, Pauline Mattsson, Magnus Nilsson, Johan Miörner, Torben Schubert

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

In this paper, we propose a theoretical and conceptual framework for articulating and studying changes in the global economic landscape and illustrate this framework in the current context. The framework pivots around the notion of rescaling, which is interpreted from a human agency perspective. We disentangle three theoretically distinct dimensions of rescaling and show how they play together using concrete examples. The theoretical and conceptual framework links the intended and unintended consequences of globalisation to current rescaling efforts, and allows us to investigate when, why, and how changes to the geography of economic relationships occur.

A 30-Year Time Series Analysis Of The Impact Of Climate Change On Corn Yield In Iowa Using The Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model – 1992 To 2022, Tesleem Ajisafe

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Climate change poses significant socio-economic challenges globally, notably altering weather patterns and increasing the frequency and severity of extreme weather events (Seneviratne et al. 2021). This study investigates the impact of climate change on corn yield in Iowa from 1992 to 2022, using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to analyze time series data on temperature, precipitation, and corn yield at the county level. Iowa, the leading corn producer in the US (Xu, Twine, & Girvetz 2016), has experienced an 8% increase in precipitation from 1873 to 2008, with notable effects in the eastern region (“Climate Change,” n.d.). A detrending …

Risk Factors Of Under-Five And Infant Mortality: An Umbrella Review Of Systematic Reviews And Meta-Analyses, Bereket Kefale, Jonine Jancey, Amanuel T. Gebremedhin, Sylvester Dodzi Nyadanu, Daniel G. Belay, Gavin Pereira, Gizachew A. Tessema

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Ensuring child survival is a critical global challenge, requiring a robust and comprehensive understanding of the risk factors contributing to under-five mortality (U5M). We aimed to synthesise and summarise the current available evidence on risk factors of U5M and infant mortality worldwide to inform global child health programmes.

Methods: We searched six major databases (Embase, Medline, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Global Health) and repositories of systematic reviews, as well as grey literature sources to identify systematic reviews and meta-analyses that examined the associations between risk factors of U5M and infant mortality between 1 January 1990 and 4 …

Relational Processes For Transformative Climate Justice Policymaking: Insights From A Western Australian Community Of Practice, Kylie Wrigley, Jaime Yallup Farrant, Brad Farrant, Emma Leigh Synnott, Jason Barrow, Naomi Joy Godden, Lucie O’Sullivan

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

This article explores how relational approaches to policymaking across multiple levels and sectors of society might enable transformative climate justice. It draws on a unique case study from the state of Western Australia (WA), where climate justice is thwarted by the coloniality of climate politics and the hegemony of the fossil fuel industry. It examines the relational processes of a climate and health community of practice (CoP) in WA that involves people across the health sector, public service, non-government, and community. The CoP had an important role in enabling the WA Government’s public inquiry into climate change and health in …

Heterochrony In The Interpretation Of Stained Glass Windows: A Case Study On Light In The Church Of Orsanmichele, R.J. Maupin

International Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities

In the last decade, scholars of medieval art have examined how the materiality of religious objects was seen to increase the sacredness of the rituals in which they were used. Christians in the Middle Ages understood that objects had the potential to move from the material (such as glass or gems) to the immaterial (the divine presence of God). While stained glass is a medium that is defined by the mutability of its material, scholars have focused primarily on the iconography of glass windows and the workshop practices of glaziers rather than phenomenological meanings. There is recognition of the visual …

A Robust Demand Regulation Strategy For Ders In A Single-Controllable Active Distribution Network, Shah Fahad, Arman Goudarzi, Rui Bo, Muhammad Waseem, Rashid Al-Ammari, Atif Iqbal

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Over the past decade, pq regulation schemes for a single-controllable active distribution network (adn) using coordination among a network of virtual synchronous generators (vsgs) have been proposed. However, considering the variable nature of intermittent renewable energy sources (iress), coupling a cluster of iress with the point of common coupling (pcc) of adn could inflict transient issues for the power management of the whole adn. To counter these challenges, the proposed study has three main objectives: 1) to propose a modified mathematical model that represents the apparent resistance-reactance at the pcc of adn in relation to the pq coordination among the …

South America Holds The Greatest Diversity Of Native Daisies (Asteraceae) In The World: An Updated Catalogue Supporting Continental-Scale Conservation, Andrés Moreira-Muñoz, Marcelo Monge, Mariana A. Grossi, Fabio Andrés Ávila, Vanezza Morales-Fierro, Gustavo Heiden, Berni Britto, Stephan Beck, Jimi N. Nakajima, Vanina G. Salgado, Juan Facundo Rodríguez-Cravero, Diego G. Gutiérrez

Publications and Research

Asteraceae is the world’s richest plant family and is found on all continents, in environments ranging from the coast to the highest mountains. The family shows all growth forms and, as in other angiosperm families, species richness is concentrated in tropical regions. South America has the highest diversity of Asteraceae in the world, yet taxonomic and distributional knowledge gaps remain. This study compiles an updated catalog of Asteraceae native to South America, based on national and regional checklists and ongoing large-scale flora projects. The resulting checklist includes a total of 6,940 species and 564 genera native to South America to …

Genograms, Culture, Love And Sisterhood: A Conversation With Monica Mcgoldrick, Deisy Amorin-Woods

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Monica McGoldrick stands as a towering figure in the field of family therapy. Initially earning a Masters in Russian Studies, she then pivoted to social work and systems thinking. McGoldrick's illustrious career has been marked by significant contributions to family therapy, particularly through her work with family genograms, mapping family relationships and histories to identify patterns across generations. She expanded the use of genograms to incorporate cultural, ethnic and gender contexts, revolutionising the field. Her work emphasises understanding individuals within their historical, social and cultural contexts. She has authored multiple seminal texts, including ‘Ethnicity and family therapy’, and Genograms: Assessment …

Queering Apocalyptic Methodologies: Enacting The Utopian Performative Through Extended Reality Artwork, Cassandra Tytler

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

This paper takes its cue from Koro and Wolgemuth's conceptual writing on Apocalyptic Methodologies as an extended prompt to enact the utopian performative as a form of generative Queer Ecopedagogy. A utopian performative is the performance of future potential that critiques our present political moment, highlighting that the present is not enough. The paper offers a troubling of "nature"and place, in its suggestion that digital space can be a refuge for EE practice. It looks to virtual reality as a realm used to create space free from the constraints of colonial history or normative prescriptions of the non/human binary. The …

Engaging Stakeholders To Inform Policy Developments In Early Childhood Education And Outside School Hours Care, Fay Hadley, Linda J. Harrison, Leanne Lavina, Lennie Barblett, Susan Irvine, Francis Bobongie-Harris, Jennifer Cartmel

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The application of engagement strategies to ensure democracy of decisions is increasingly valued and adopted by governments to ensure trust in the process and ownership of the outcome. This paper describes the approach and methods used to engage early childhood education and care (ECEC) and outside school hours care (OSHC) stakeholders in the contemporizing and updating of Australia’s national Approved Learning Frameworks (ALFs): Belonging, Being and Becoming: The Early Years Learning Framework for Australia (EYLF) and My Time Our Place: Framework for School Age Care (MTOP). Theoretical underpinnings of a robust stakeholder engagement strategy ensured a range of methods were …

Identifying And Promoting Qualitative Methods For Impact Assessment, Heidi Walker, Jenny Pope, Angus Morrison-Saunders, Alan Bond, Alan P. Diduck, A. John Sinclair, Brendan Middel, Francois Retief

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Qualitative methods for impact assessment (IA) represent a broad spectrum of approaches that are important for realising effective IA practice. The purpose of this paper is to identify and promote qualitative methods that are available for use in contemporary and future (next-generation) IA processes. From an extensive literature review, an international survey (145 responses), expert interviews (48 interviewees), and a workshop attended by 27 IA practitioners, 17 qualitative method categories were identified. These were further subdivided into three classes: conventional qualitative methods, highly participatory methods, and mixed methods. Each method is described, and an indication given of how each can …

Visitor Attitude To Tourism Destinations: A Critical Review And Future Research Agenda, Arghavan Hadinejad, Brent D. Moyle, Anna Kralj, Nick Noghan, Noel Scott, Sarah Gardiner

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Visitor attitude is fundamental to destination selection in the tourism literature. Yet, there remains a notable dearth of critical reviews to assess the current status of knowledge on the topic. This study, therefore, seeks to map and critically evaluate the state of visitor attitudinal research to set the agenda for future scholarly enquiry. A review of journal articles on the topic in four leading tourism journals was undertaken. To critically explore the literature and identify research trends, a paradigm funnel approach was used. The findings demonstrate that most studies on the topic are based on empirical research and specific theories, …

Informing A Care Plan For Hepatitis C Treatment On The Street, Claire Campbell

Scripps Senior Theses

This thesis aims to use community knowledge to inform clinical street treatment of Hepatitis C and to unpack the intersections of social systems within the realms of Street Medicine and healthcare for the unsheltered unhoused population. During the summer of 2023, 15 qualitative interviews were conducted with patients of the USC Keck School of Medicine Department of Street Medicine who received treatment for Hepatitis C infections. Using grounded theory analysis, participant responses were analyzed to identify key concepts and ideas from interview transcripts. Core themes fell into the following categories: how treatment affected patients’ lives, facilitators and barriers to treatment, …

Fugitive And Sumud Encounters: Geographies Of Black-Palestinian Transnational Refusal, Anna Babboni

Scripps Senior Theses

“Fugitive and Sumud Encounters: Geographies of Black-Palestinian Transnational Refusal” explores the parallel practices of Palestinian sumud, a “political-psycho-affective subjectivity” or philosophy of refusal that roughly translates to “steadfastness” from Arabic, and Black fugitivity, the practice by which Black folk find freedom and escape from the continual construction of Blackness as fungible object, rooted in histories of maroonage. Both practices of refusal are historically and spatially contingent, responding to conditions of settler colonial and anti-Black enclosure. However, when put into conversion, sumud and fugitivity are strikingly familiar in their methods of refusing liberal enclosure. In their overlap, sumud and fugitivity lay …

Improving Accessibility And Understanding: Studying The Impact Of Human Activities And Dam Removals On Anadromous Fish Species In The Pacific Northwest, Adia F. Bennett

Scripps Senior Theses

Human activities in North American watersheds have significantly impacted anadromous fish, causing some species of salmon and steelhead to become threatened and endangered. These fish hold ecological, cultural, and economic importance, yet factors such as habitat destruction, overfishing, pollution, climate change, and hydroelectric dams continue to degrade populations. Dams are particularly harmful to anadromous fish, sparking a recent movement advocating for dam removals. This study uses NOAA’s 2022 Biological Viability Assessment to examine the response of anadromous fish to recent dam removals in the Pacific Northwest. Four populations were selected to analyze due to their interaction with sites that had …

Redefined Influence: An Exploration Of Social Media And User Agency, Sydney Ghobadian

Scripps Senior Theses

In recent decades we have seen the expansion of media to realms unimagined- where human interaction comes with the touch of your finger. With this accessibility comes uncharted territory and persisting questions: How do we engage with the media? How does it dictate our actions? What is true and who do I trust? In this exploration, I weave the relationship between social media and emotions with the long-standing marriage between media and capitalist agenda to understand the power of media and how we as a society can use it to evoke change and reclaim control over our actions.

The Role Of Data Sharing In Transboundary Waterways: The Case Of The Helmand River Basin, Najibullah Loodin, Gabriel Eckstein, Vijay P. Singh, Rosario Sanchez

Faculty Scholarship

While data and information exchanges theoretically play an effective role in the decision-making process of a shared watercourse, in practice, there are several challenges that prevent riparians from sharing data in an effective and cooperative manner. This chapter seeks to assess why the riparian nations of the Helmand River have failed to adopt an effective data exchange mechanism although both nations signed an internationally recognized bilateral water treaty in 1973. Applying a mixed study approach, the study draws on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to interpret the main obstacles of data sharing between Afghanistan, the upstream state, and Iran, …

Using Phosphatidylethanol As An Adjunct To Self-Reported Alcohol Use Improves Identification Of Liver Fibrosis Risk, Pamela M. Murnane, Majid Afshar, Gabriel Chamie, Robert L. Cook, Tekeda Ferguson, Lamia Y. Haque, Karen R. Jacobson, Amy C. Justice, Theresa W. Kim, Mandana Khalili, Evgeny Krupitsky, Kathleen A. Mcginnis, Patricia Molina, Winnie R. Muyindike, Bronwyn Myers, Veronica L. Richards, Kaku So-Armah, Scott Stewart, Mark S. Sulkowski, Phyllis C. Tien, Judith A. Hahn

School of Public Health Faculty Publications

Introduction: Accurate assessment of alcohol use informs prevention and management of liver disease. We examined whether phosphatidylethanol (PEth, an alcohol metabolite) blood concentrations are associated with liver fibrosis risk independently of self-reported alcohol use, among persons with and without HIV. Methods: We pooled individual-level data from 12 studies from the United States, Russia, Uganda, and South Africa with PEth, AUDIT-C (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption), and FIB-4 measurements. We conducted mixed-effects logistic regression of the relationship between PEth and AUDIT-C as continuous variables (after checking linearity), with high FIB-4 ( ≥ 2.67). We divided PEth (range 0-1000) by 83.3 to …

Patterns Into Pathways For Improving Safety Culture: Refined Latent Class Analysis Informs Tailored Decision Support For South Carolina Dss Safety Culture Improvements, Michaela Voit

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

The rising prevalence of exposures to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) demands a coordinated public health response, as a significant body of research details the cumulative impact of ACEs on chronic morbidities contributing to reduced life expectancy. Child welfare workers (CWW) are embedded in this public health effort, tasked with preventing and mitigating the impacts of ACEs through family and prevention services. The National Partnership for Child Safety (NPCS) may improve the wellbeing of CWWs and the effectiveness of Child Welfare (CW) services by improving the quality of safety culture within CW organizations. To inform NPCS quality improvement efforts, our project …

Evaluating The Length Of Clinical Rotations In Medical Laboratory Science Education, Kendal Beazer

Dissertations and Theses

Medical laboratory scientists and technicians play a crucial role in healthcare by utilizing advanced methods to aid in the diagnosis, monitoring, and prevention of a wide range of diseases. Certifying as an MLS or MLT professional is detailed and specific, requiring years of laboratory training that is crucial to accurately perform testing that impacts patient care. Shortages of qualified medical laboratorians have persisted for decades, causing laboratory administrators to hire individuals who lack basic laboratory training. Laboratory education programs are not keeping up with the staffing demands, in part due to the lack of clinical rotation placements needed for MLS …

Prevalence Of Metabolic Comorbidities And Viral Infections In Monoclonal Gammopathy, Mansen Yu

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Monoclonal gammopathy (MG) encompasses a spectrum of related diseases, with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) being the most prevalent, serving as a precursor of smoldering and clinical multiple myeloma. While the association between gammopathies, metabolic conditions and antigenic stimulation has long been recognized, the precise mechanism remains unclear. Prior research has shown that a subset of MGUS and MM is driven by chronic antigenic stimulation of B cells by endogenous lipids and exogenous microbial antigens. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of metabolic comorbidities and viral infections in a large population with monoclonal gammopathy, providing …

Thirty Years Of ‘Emergency’ Food Aid In The Us And Canada: Findings From Comparative Research To Inform Uk Efforts To Tackle Food Poverty And The Need For Foodbanks, Charlotte Spring

Geography and Environmental Studies Faculty Publications

Research observed how food providers in the United States and Canada have made changes during the decades of neoliberal policymaking that have seen foodbanking expand across North America and beyond. These changes, in part, reflect responses to critiques of foodbanking as an inadequate solution to food insecurity. Food charities have variously attempted to improve provision through healthier procurement, choice-based distribution models, diversified programming, and advocacy for policy solutions. Better foodbanking, however, does not negate the influence of corporate donors on food charities’ capacity to foster hunger-preventative change, such as the employment practices of those same donors. Meanwhile, grassroots organisers …

Horizontal Skill Mismatch Among College Graduates: Analyzing Job Placement For African American In The U.S, Mimla Wardak

Theses - Graduate Programs in Economic Theory and Policy

This study investigates the persistence of horizontal skill mismatches among African-American college graduates in the U.S. labor market and explores the influence of community racial composition on job placement and wage levels. Utilizing data from the American Community Survey (2018-2019), the research constructs a Match Quality Index to assess the alignment between individuals' fields of study and their occupations. The analysis reveals that African-Americans are disproportionately affected by horizontal mismatches, which result in underemployment and wage penalties, despite similar educational backgrounds compared to their counterparts. The findings suggest that larger African-American networks within Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) correlate with slightly …

Racial And Sex Disparities In Adult Reconstructive Airway Surgery Outcomes: An Acs Nsqip Analysis, Tagan Rohrbaugh

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Racial and Sex Disparities in Adult Reconstructive Airway Surgery Outcomes: An ACS NSQIP Analysis Tagan Rohrbaugh and Nikita Kohli. Department of Otolaryngology, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.

Previous studies demonstrated postoperative adverse events associated with pediatric airway reconstruction surgery using the National Surgery Quality Improvement Program-Pediatric (NSQIP-P) database. However, postoperative adverse events using the NSQIP database has not yet been described in adults. This study uses the NSQIP database to examine postoperative complications of airway reconstruction surgery in the setting of racial and sex disparities. Current procedural terminology (CPT) codes were used to identify 260 patients 18 …

Measuring And Modelling Functional Moat Area In Perennially Ice-Covered Lake Fryxell, Antarctica, Michael S. Stone, Mark R. Salvatore, Hilary A. Dugan, Madeline E. Myers, Peter T. Doran

Faculty Publications

The perennially ice-covered lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDVs), Antarctica, are an important reservoir of liquid water in an arid and largely frozen environment. During the austral summer, the margins of these ice covers melt, forming a “moat” of liquid water and thin ice, allowing exchange between lake waters and the atmosphere to occur and serving as an interface between lake, soil, and stream ecosystems. The size of these moats varies from year to year. Here, we have established the first published record of moat area changes at MDVs’ Lake Fryxell through time using manual traces of the moat …

Summer-Wet Hydrologic Cycle During The Middle Miocene Of The United States: New Evidence From Fossil Fungi, Jennifer M.K. O’Keefe, Matthew J. Pound, Ingrid C. Romero, Noelia B. Nuñez Otaño, Martha E. Gibson, Jessica Mccoy, Margaret E. Alden, C. Jolene Fairchild, Julia Fitzpatrick, Emily Hodgson, Taylor Horsfall, Savannah Jones, June E. Lennex-Stone, Christopher A. Marsh, Alyssa A. Patel, Tyler M. Spears, Laikin Tarlton, Liberty F. Smallwood, O. L. Vanderespt, Jeremyah R. Cabrera, Cortland F. Eble, William C. Rember, James E. Starnes, Mac H. Alford, Alyson Brink, Sophie Warny

Faculty Publications

Hydrologic reconstructions from North America are largely unknown for the Middle Miocene. Examination of fungal palynomorph assemblages coupled with traditional plant-based palynology permits delineation of local, as opposed to regional, climate signals and provides a baseline for study of ancient fungas. Here, the Fungi in a Warmer World project presents paleoecology and paleoclimatology of 351 fungal morphotypes from 3 sites in the United States: the Clarkia Konservat-Lagerstätte site (Idaho), the Alum Bluff site (Florida), and the Bouie River site (Mississippi). Of these, 83 fungi are identified as extant taxa and 41 are newly reported from the Miocene. Combining new plant-based …

Whaling Logbooks: Colonial Knowledge Acquisition In The Pacific World, Aj Laird

Kaplan Senior Essay Prize for Use of Library Special Collections

Sometime in 1846, the cooper onboard the whaling bark Acushnet used the final pages of his sea journal to write up a list of the workers onboard the ship. The cooper, who was called Resolvid W. Bowles, appears ninth on his list, which he titled “Crew and Officers on Board Ship Acushnet Sailing from N.B. July 17th, 1845 - for the Pacific Ocean.” Bowles appears to have modeled this crew list off the official crew lists that were signed at the start of whaling voyages – a contract that both ensured the crew members’ share in profits from the whale …

2023 U.S. Globe Partner Yearbook, Globe U.S. Coordination Office

Partner Yearbooks

No abstract provided.