Digital Commons Network^™

Application And Comparison Of Geomorphological And Hydrological Pool And Riffle Quantification Methods, Amy M. Krueger, Kelly M. Frothingham

The Geographical Bulletin

Pools and riffles have long been recognized as fundamental geomorphological elements of meandering streams. As such, the quantification of pool and riffle characteristics and development of techniques to identify these bed forms has been an important research field for decades. The definition and identification of pools and riffles, however, can vary amongst disciplines. This research compares methods used in two different disciplines, geomorphology and hydrology, and determines the level of agreement between them. Initially, we identified pools and riffles using the bed differencing technique (bdt) in fifteen reaches of Ransom Creek, Clarence, New York. We then calculated the hydrological index, …

An All-Hazards Approach To Us Military Base Camp Site Selection, Mark Corson, Christopher Jasperro

The Geographical Bulletin

Throughout history, military forces have built encampments and bases in hostile areas to defend and sustain themselves while on campaign. The predominant criteria for site selection were and continue to be tactical and logistical concerns. This article applies a geographic perspective to US military base camp site selection in contingency operations such as Bosnia, Kosovo, Iraq, or Afghanistan. In particular, it argues that an all-hazards approach should be employed in the site selection process, and that the all-hazards approach be an integral part of the planning phase of base camp development and emerging site selection doctrine. This project begins with …

The Effects Of Pacific Oscillations On Snowpack In The Rattlesnake Creek Drainage, Western Montana, Deana Dewire

The Geographical Bulletin

Snow is an important water resource for communities throughout the western United States. In western Montana, 62% of annual precipitation falls as snow. Recent research suggests there is an inverse relationship between Northern Rockies snowpack and El Niño and between Northern Rockies snowpack and the positive phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, a realization that could benefit the communities and industries throughout the West that depend on snowmelt for their water needs. This research uses linear regression statistics to test if a correlation exists between ENSO or PDO and April 1 snowpack at the headwaters of the Rattlesnake Creek in …

Safety First: Unpacking Key Roles Of Arctic Adventure Guides, Barbara Olga Hild, Betty Weiler Professor

International Journal of Tour Guiding and Visitor Attraction Research

Building on past research on tour guides and guiding, this paper provides an in-depth examination of the safety management role of tour guides leading adventure trips. A review of previous literature identifies broad dimensions of tour guiding and, within these dimensions, specific guiding roles mainly in relation to communication. The current study’s qualitative examination of experienced Arctic guides, however, illustrates how environmental conditions contribute to near misses and points to safety management as an adventure guide’s fundamental role. The findings highlight the need for guide competence and certification and underpin recommendations for research in relation to guide education and practices …

Note From Editor, Steven M. Schnell

The Geographical Bulletin

Note from Editor

Cover And Forewords, Steven M. Schnell

The Geographical Bulletin

Cover and Forewords

Volume 48-1 Complete Issue, Steven M. Schnell

The Geographical Bulletin

Volume 48-1 Complete Issue

Reel Racing: The Geography Of The United States Lawn Mower Racing Association, H. Jason Combs

The Geographical Bulletin

The United States Lawn Mower Racing Association (USLMRA) formed on April Fools’ Day 1992 and now has approximately 500 members and a national racing circuit. This paper examines the geography of the USLMRA as well as the reasons for its expansion. Professional lawn mower racing’s popularity is somewhat in response to NASCAR’s commercialization and nationalization efforts. Lawn mower racing is more affordable than stock car racing and provides an outlet for many adrenaline-enriched and mechanically inclined individuals. The national circuit runs through traditional stock car country—from Texas and Florida to Illinois, Wisconsin, and Ohio. The majority of USLMRA members and …

Interviewed By Steven Schnell. Editor, The Geographical Bulletin, Minelle Mahtani

The Geographical Bulletin

Minelle Mahtani is currently an Assistant Professor of Geography at the University of Toronto. She holds a B.A. from Dalhousie University in anthropology, a Ph.D. in geography from University College London, and a postdoctoral position at the University of British Columbia. She has also had stints as a television producer for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, and working for a nonprofit organization, the Institute for Media, Policy, and Civil Society. Her research interests include critical mixed race theory; feminist geography, women of color in geography, media and minority representation, and geographies of media.

Ecological Marginalization And Hill Tribe Security In Northern Thailand, Richard A. Crooker

The Geographical Bulletin

In recent decades, Thai elites have ecologically marginalized hill tribe farmers in northern Thailand. A region-wide population boom has fueled a ‘land grab’ by the elites and forced hill tribe farmers to live on less land with few off-farm options. The marginalized farmers are less secure in their livelihoods, and as a result, there has been conflict over resources between them and governmental authorities and ethnic Thais. This paper analyzes the hill tribes’ marginalization in order to assess the risk of heightened social conflict in the region. I chose hill tribe villages in the Mae Sa Valley as a “best-case” …

Environment And Security Conflicts: The U.S. Military In Okinawa, Jonathan Taylor

The Geographical Bulletin

This paper explores the effects of ongoing environmental issues related to U.S. military bases in Okinawa. Okinawa’s history, particularly the damage it suffered during World War II has led to an active anti-military movement on the island. The U.S. bases exist in a context of anti-military and environmental movements which seek to dislodge the bases from their current location. At the same time the U.S. military bases have had both direct and indirect effects upon Okinawa’s environment: some positive, though many negative. Some steps the U.S. military could take to lessen its environmental impacts upon Okinawa are suggested.

Workshop - Sustainability (Training Workshop), Sponsored By Evotec, Sara Badr, Priyanka Gupta

Integrated Continuous Biomanufacturing VI

No abstract provided.

Modern Governance System For Global Sustainable Development Goals, Bojie Fu, Jinghai Li, Junze Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), as a key global framework for addressing social, economic, and environmental challenges, have drawn widespread attention due to the slow progress in their implementation. Despite the international community’s high regard for the SDGs, current research predominantly focuses on the assessment of progress and the analysis of interlinkages among the goals, with insufficient discussion on how to improve governance systems aimed at achieving the SDGs. Based on the system classification framework of SDGs, which includes “essential needs”, “objectives,” and “governance” categories, this study develops a governance system for the comprehensive realization of the SDGs. It analyzes …

Carbon Emission Estimation For Computing Infrastructure: Methods, Progress, And Prospects, Xiaohong Chen, Liaoying Cao, Yangjie Wang, Zhuqian He, Wenzhi Cao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

As a foundational pillar of an increasingly digital and intelligent society, computing infrastructure embodies a dual nature—marked by high energy consumption and potential for emission reduction simultaneously. This duality positions it as a critical domain requiring balance under China’s dual-carbon goals. Nevertheless, there remains no clear consensus on methods for estimating its carbon emissions. Its ambiguity stems from differences in the applicability of assessment methods across various lifecycle stages, as well as a fragmented understanding of its intrinsic emissions and enabling effects on carbon mitigation. This study systematically reviews estimation methodologies from both broad and narrow perspectives, highlighting the heterogeneity …

Library Stock Management: Mandya University Library Scenario, Kavitha N., Hullerappa G., Sampath Kumar B.T.

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Stock Verification is an essential part of library management that ascertains to check the library resources in the stock. It is an effective method to identify mistakes and prevent fraudulent procedures. The purpose of this article is to investigate the potential and intensive stock verification of more than 60000 documents from Mandya University Library. Study results reveal that 39127 library books are available in the powerhouse of the new library building constituent government college of Mandya University library and 23060 books are discarded as loss of books. Notable findings show that insufficient knowledge of cataloguing and classification rules has hampered …

Impact Of Low-Altitude Technology On Low-Altitude Industry Development From Perspective Of Low-Altitude Economy, Yong Wang, Yusen Yang, Jimin Zeng, Zhenglong He, Zongxi Cen

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Low-altitude economy, as a typical representative of new quality productive forces and a strategic emerging industry, has become an important engine for promoting high-quality economic development and achieving technological self-reliance and self-improvement in China. This study systematically reviews the development trajectory of low-altitude economy, deeply elucidates the connotations and characteristics of low-altitude technology and its impact mechanisms on low-altitude industrial development, providing theoretical support for constructing a modernized low-altitude economic system. It finds that the concept of low-altitude economy has undergone a paradigm shift from industry terminology to economic formation, gradually completing the institutionalization process from strategic planning to legal …

Development Index Assessment And Future Prospects Of China’S Low-Altitude Economy, Jiaoe Wang, Delin Du, Zhuo Chen, Wenwei Tan

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

With the gradual opening of low-altitude airspace and continuous advancements in low-altitude technology, the low-altitude economy has ushered in significant development opportunities, emerging as a quintessential example of new quality productive forces and garnering widespread attention from both the state and society. However, given China’s vast territory, the development trends and foundational conditions of the low-altitude economy vary considerably across regions, presenting distinct challenges and prospects. To accurately assess the development trends of the low-altitude economy, this study constructs an evaluation framework based on five dimensions, namely, innovation efficacy, industrial strength, scenario vitality, development potential, and support capability, and conducts …

Promoting Scientific Disciplines With National Needs And Engraving Scientific Research Achievements On The Land Of China: Overview On Development Of Institute Of Geographic Sciences And Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy Of Sciences, Fubao Sun, Shenglin Wang, Luguang Jiang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Since its establishment, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) has attached great importance to scientific research in the fields of geography and natural resources. Under the leadership of the CAS for 75 years, the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research (IGSNRR), CAS has adhered to its fundamental mission: Promoting scientific disciplines with national needs, serving the development of the country. The institute always focuses on solving major public scientific and technological issues in the field of resources and environment that are related to the overall situation of the country and long-term development, and strives to build a strategic …

Cover And Forewords, Steven M. Schnell

The Geographical Bulletin

Cover and Forewords

Note From Editor, Steven M. Schnell

The Geographical Bulletin

Note from Editor

Volume 49-2 Complete Issue, Steven M. Schnell

The Geographical Bulletin

Volume 49-2 Complete Issue

The Power Of Place: Geography, Destiny, And Globalization’S Rough Landscape, By Harm De Blij, James Lowry

The Geographical Bulletin

I have come to expect a great deal from Harm de Blij over the years and he has always delivered. So, when I was presented the opportunity to review this new look at globalization from the de Blij perspective I jumped at the chance. The purpose of The Power of Place is to examine the many assertions of a flattening of the earth; of the globalization we are constantly being told is leading us to a loss of regional cultures. So how does de Blij accomplish this task considering the flattening of the earth has been widely recognized as gospel? …

Spring Valley, Washington Dc: Changing Land Use And Demographics From 1900-2000, Benefsheh D. Verell

The Geographical Bulletin

Spring Valley, located in northwest Washington D.C., has had a dynamic land use history, changing from farmland to military base to residential development during the span of one hundred years. The development and marketing of Spring Valley in the 1930s and 1940s reflects the changing socioeconomics and settlement patterns of D.C. The data suggest a “white flight” out of the inner-city neighborhoods to Spring Valley and the surrounding suburbs. Additionally, Spring Valley, as a Formerly Used Defense Site, presents environmental hazards to the current residential community. The Army’s response to this hazard demonstrates changes in military environmental policies from nonexistent …

Predicting Paths Of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Using Monthly Surface Pressure Data, P. Grady Dixon, Michael E. Brown, W. Michael Carter, W. Scott Gunter, Kelsey N. Scheitlin

The Geographical Bulletin

Previous research has had some success in predicting likely tracks of tropical cyclones in the Atlantic basin using North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) anomalies (above or below average values) during preceding months. This paper expands on this research by incorporating other surface pressure values as independent variables as alluded to by some of the earliest NAO research. We examine monthly sea-level-pressure (SLP) data from Reykjavik (Iceland), Cape Hatteras (North Carolina), and Nassau (Bahamas), along with NAO index anomalies, to see if they can be used to predict future paths and landfall locations of Atlantic tropical cyclones during the period 1970–2005. Average …

Remote Sensing Quantification Of Wetland Habitat Change In South Carolina: Implications For Coastal Resource Policy, John All, Jenna Nelson

The Geographical Bulletin

Increased urbanization of coastal areas has resulted in the pollution and destruction of wetland ecosystems worldwide. The effect of development on local wetland habitat was examined for Mount Pleasant, South Carolina, USA. Changes in the areal extent of wetlands in Mount Pleasant were determined through a quantification of changes in wetland margins from the 1970s to 1990s using Landsat data. The rate of wetland habitat loss accelerated from the 1980s to 1990s compared to the 1970s, even though coastal zone regulations had been strengthened and the rate of population increase was comparable for the decades selected for comparison. This paper …

Assessing A Small Summer Urban Heat Island In Rural South Central Pennsylvania, Danielle Doyle, Timothy W. Hawkins

The Geographical Bulletin

The development of cities potentially has a significant impact on climate. Buildings and infrastructure that replace natural vegetation often create new microclimates through changes in the energy balance associated with the built environment. The urban heat island effect, the phenomenon where air temperatures within an urban area are warmer than the surrounding rural areas, has been thoroughly examined for large urban areas. The purpose of this study is to determine the magnitude and extent of the urban heat island for a small urban area surrounded by agricultural land. Temperature data collected from several urban and rural locations over a four-month …

The Impact Of Primary Care Physician Capacity On Preventable Hospitalizations: Identifying Bright Spots In The Appalachian & Mississippi Delta Regions, Michael Topmiller, Peter J. Mallow, Hoon Byun, Mark Carrozza, Yalda Jabbarpour

Journal of Appalachian Health

Introduction: Several studies have documented that higher rates of primary care physicians are associated with lower rates of preventable hospitalizations. Counties with higher rates of preventable hospitalizations are found in the Appalachian and Mississippi (MS) Delta Regions.

Purpose: (1) To determine if the association of primary care capacity with preventable hospitalizations is different in the Appalachian and MS Delta regions compared to the rest of the U.S., and (2) to explore primary care capacity in counties with lower-than-expected preventable hospitalization rates.

Methods: This study modeled preventable hospitalizations with primary care physicians (PCP) per 100,000 (PCP capacity) while controlling for several …

From Sparta To Hostomel: The Enduring Role Of Joint Forcible Entry Operations, Jonathan Maxwell Cohen

Joint Force Quarterly

This article argues that joint forcible entry operations remain relevant despite the growing threat posed by antiaccess/area-denial networks. Using the Russian assault on Hostomel Airport during the opening phase of the 2022 invasion of Ukraine as a case study, the author contends that the operation failed not because forcible entry had become obsolete, but because Russian forces were unable to isolate and expand the lodgment, protect access for follow-on forces, and integrate maneuver and supporting fires effectively. The article traces the historical development of forcible entry from ancient amphibious operations through airborne and air assault doctrine, then applies lessons from …

Better In Pairs: Divide The Indo-Pacific Theater In Half, Tim Devine

Joint Force Quarterly

This article argues that the Department of Defense should reconsider the current geographic organization of U.S. Indo-Pacific Command and create a second geographic combatant command in the region. The author contends that USINDOPACOM’s vast area of responsibility, expanding subordinate structure, growing operational demands, and increasing strategic competition with China are placing excessive strain on a single theater headquarters. Drawing on the U.S. experience in the Pacific during World War II, when separate commands under Admiral Chester Nimitz and General Douglas MacArthur divided responsibilities across the theater, the article presents a dual-command model as a historically proven way to improve span …

The Need For U.S. Stability Policing, John F. Hussey

Joint Force Quarterly

This article argues that the U.S. military needs a dedicated stability policing capability to establish public order, protect civilians, uphold the rule of law, and consolidate gains during the transition from combat operations to postconflict stability. Drawing on U.S. experiences in Vietnam, Iraq, and Afghanistan, the author contends that military forces have often been ill prepared to perform civilian policing or train indigenous police forces, leading to overly militarized approaches that can undermine legitimacy and public trust. The article emphasizes that stability policing requires personnel with civilian law enforcement expertise, particularly during the critical period immediately following major combat operations. …