Digital Commons Network^™

Characterization And Leaching Feasibility Studies Of Copper Flue Dust For The Recovery Of Main And Trace Metals, Fardis Nakhaei, Marek Locmelis, Lana Alagha, Michael S. Moats, Carlos Eyzaguirre, Cory Smith

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Although copper smelter dust (CSD) is classified as hazardous waste, it also serves as a valuable secondary resource, offering potential for the recovery of critical elements. In this study, CSD samples were collected from the waste heat boiler (WHB) and electrostatic precipitator (ESP) units connected to the flash smelting furnace at a copper smelter. The representative samples were extensively characterized by particle size, and chemical and mineralogical analyses. Following sample characterization, leaching experiments were performed to evaluate the potential extraction of Cu, Fe, As, Zn, Pb, In, Ga, and Ge from the flue dusts. Distilled water, H2SO4, and HCl were …

Navigation In Underground Mine Environments: A Simulation Framework For Quadruped Robots, Yixiang Gao, Kwame Awuah-Offei

Mining Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Quadruped robots have shown significant potential for navigating complex and hazardous environments, such as underground mines, where traditional wheeled or tracked systems have limitations. However, their development and deployment are hindered by the disparity between controlled laboratory testing and real-world conditions and the lack of tools (e.g., simulation testbeds) that expedite the required development and testing. This work develops a simulation testbed for expediting and advancing navigation algorithms, perception systems, and control strategies for quadruped robots in subterranean and hazardous environments. By utilizing high-fidelity 3D maps, ranging from intricate cave systems to real-world sites like the Edgar Mine, simulation environment …

Designing Robust Quasi-2d Perovskites Thin Films For Stable Light-Emitting Applications, Sharmistha Khan, Reshna Shrestha, Mengru Jin, Doyun Kim, Guan Lin Chen, Ruipeng Li, Yijia Gu, Qing Tu, Namyoung Ahn, Wanyi Nie

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Quasi-2D perovskite made with organic spacers co-crystallized with inorganic cesium lead bromide inorganics is demonstrated for near unity photoluminescence quantum yield at room temperature. However, light emitting diodes made with quasi-2D perovskites rapidly degrade which remains a major bottleneck in this field. In this work, It is shown that the bright emission originates from finely tuned multi-component 2D nano-crystalline phases that are thermodynamically unstable. The bright emission is extremely sensitive to external stimuli and the emission quickly dims away upon heating. After a detailed analysis of their optical and morphological properties, the degradation is attributed to 2D phase redistribution associated …

Controlling Nitrogen Pickup During Induction Melting Of Ultrahigh-Strength Cr-Ni-Mo-V Steels, Kingsley T. Amatanweze, Viraj A. Athavale, Mario F. Buchely, Laura N. Bartlett, Ronald J. O'Malley, Daniel M. Field

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Nitrogen pickup during air induction melting can result in porosity and a loss of fracture toughness in ultrahigh-strength quenched and tempered steel castings. Nitrogen atoms are easily adsorbed into liquid steel upon exposure to the air, and argon shrouding alone has limited effectiveness. Previous studies have shown that proper charge sequencing and maintaining a high amount of dissolved oxygen in the melt prior to tapping and deoxidation can limit nitrogen pickup in the melt. In the current study, the effect of melt practice and charging procedure on nitrogen pickup was studied as a function of hold time in a series …

Two-Component Droplet Phases And Their Spectral Stability In One Dimension, E. G. Charalampidis, S. I. Mistakidis

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We unravel the existence and stability properties of one-dimensional droplets arising in genuine two-component particle-imbalanced bosonic mixtures under the influence of a weak harmonic confinement. A plethora of miscible droplet phases is found with the majority component atoms in the vicinity of the minority ones assembling in a droplet configuration, while the remaining excess atoms are in the gas state. Our computations identify a transition from a bound to a trapped gas many-body state for increasing total atom number and fixed interactions, with the bound character being prolonged for stronger intercomponent attractions. The spectral stability of these two-component droplets is …

Parametric Analysis Of Water Jet Descaling Efficiency Of Reheated Continuously Cast Thin Slab, Tochukwu P. Ojiako, Mario F. Buchely, Simon Lekakh, Ronald J. O'Malley, Richard Osei, Taha Tayebali

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Efficient oxide scale removal is critical for maintaining surface quality and process efficiency in steel manufacturing. This study optimizes water jet descaling by evaluating the performance of flat and rotary jet nozzles under varying process parameters. Using a combined approach of experimental analysis and computational fluid dynamics, it investigates the influence of pressure (138–275 bar), lead angle (0°, 15°, 25°), working distance (50–100 mm), and spray angle (15°–25°) on descaling efficiency. Findings indicate that flat jet nozzles achieve superior performance at short working distances due to concentrated impact forces, while rotary jet nozzles sustain efficiency over extended distances through dynamic …

Effect Of Gating Design On Filling And Inclusion Control In An Al-Killed Cr-Mo-Ni Steel, Kingsley T. Amatanweze, Koushik Balasubramanian, Soumava Chakraborty, Viraj A. Athavale, Mario F. Buchely, Laura N. Bartlett, Ronald J. O'Malley, Daniel M. Field, Krista R. Limmer, Katherine M. Sebeck

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The effect of gating system design on the inclusion population and size distribution in an aluminum-killed low-alloy advanced high strength steel casting was studied. A mold with four different gating systems: pressurized and non-pressurized with side risers, naturally pressurized with a side riser, and naturally pressurized with a top riser, was designed using computational fluid dynamics and solidification software. The design allowed inclusion populations in castings produced with each gating system to be compared during the same pouring event. Samples taken from different positions just below the top surface of each casting were analyzed using an SEM/EDS system with automated …

Ultrafast Belite (Β-C2s) Production Using Biofuel-Based Combustion Synthesis, Shubham Agrawal, Sayee Srikarah Volaity, Oluwadamilare Charles Adesina, Bryan K. Aylas-Paredes, Taihao Han, Srinivas Kilambi, Aditya Kumar, Narayanan Neithalath

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study presents a novel low-temperature, combustion synthesis (CS) approach for the rapid production of belite-rich cements. CS leverages the exothermic heat released from the combustion of biofuels such as lignin and/or biomass, intermixed with pelletized limestone and quartz. At an imposed furnace temperature of ∼700°C (as opposed to 1200°C–1300°C required in a conventional kiln), the source materials are rapidly transformed to belite, resulting in energy, emissions, and economic benefits. This work explores the influence of various process parameters, viz., fuel types and contents, airflow rate, porosity, holding temperature, and holding time on the efficiency of CS-based belite synthesis. Through …

J Mich Dent Assoc January 2025

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

Each month, the Journal of the Michigan Dental Association provides news, information, and features about Michigan dentistry to our state's oral health community and the MDA's 6,200+ members. It is the primary publication reaching Michigan dentists. The January issue sets the tone for February, the observance of Children’s Dental Health Month.

Michigan Academy of Pediatric Dentistry President Jessica Bentoski welcomes readers to this special issue, which features a cover feature on “Approaches to Care for Children with Special Needs in Dental Settings: Desensitization and Teledentistry” and a supporting article on “General Dentists’ Education, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior Concerning the Effects …

(In)Attention To Attractive Brand Alternatives, Danielle J. Brick, Veronica L. Thomas

Marketing Faculty Publications

Understanding how consumers maintain their brand relationships has important implications for marketers as committed consumers contribute significant value to firms. In the present research, we propose and test one such way consumers protect their brand relationships, namely through attentional avoidance of attractive alternative partners. Across multiple studies, we find support for our theory that committed consumers avoid attending to alternative brand partners by recalling less about and spending less time focused on attractive alternatives. We further find that this inattention occurs because consumers view the competing brand as a threat to the consumer’s current relationship. In addition, we investigate a …

Predictors Of General Education Teachers' Self-Efficacy For Educating Autistic Students: Enactive Mastery Experiences, Vicarious Experiences, Verbal/Social Persuasions, And Physiological And Affective States, Renette Portecop-Prentice

Dissertations

Problem

Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental condition that presents challenges not only for autistic individuals, but also for their families, healthcare providers and school professionals. A significant number of children with autism spend most of their school day in general education classrooms with teachers who may lack autism-specific training and are unfamiliar with evidence-based practices for supporting autistic students. This lack of training or relevant resources specific to autism may impact teacher self-efficacy for educating autistic students, which in turn may affect instructional decisions and student outcomes. Guided by Bandura’s theoretical framework, this study examined the relationships among autism-specific training …

Shattering The Glass Ceiling, Navigating The Glass Cliffs: A Case Study Of Andrea Luxton As The First Woman President Of Andrews University (2016-2023), Maureen Sakshi Pakalahati

Dissertations

Problems

Research shows glass ceilings are thicker in faith-based institutions heavily governed by traditional beliefs and dominated by men. Research also shows singlism is on the rise in churches. There is limited research on the lived experiences of single, never married woman who reached the presidency (shattering the glass ceiling) in a faith-based institution. Leadership pundits predict a “great resignation”, which is an era of high presidential turnover, due to mounting challenges in the higher education presidency. Great resignation is a gender-neutral phenomenon, but women presidents are subject to stern criticism and penalties, leading to more disproportionate resignations. Furthermore, the …

Do Public School Choice Policies Segregate Schools? Dynamic Effects In Michigan, Danielle Sanderson Edwards, Kaitlin P. Anderson

Educational Leadership & Workforce Development Faculty Publications

Interdistrict choice has the potential to exacerbate or alleviate between-district segregation-an increasingly pervasive form of U.S. school segregation-by allowing students to attend schools in districts where they do not reside. Prior research concentrates on the effects of charter schooling on segregation within districts and counties. We used longitudinal enrollment and demographic data from Michigan to examine the impacts of both interdistrict and charter school choice on racial and economic segregation within and between districts in a single setting. We estimated these effects by leveraging between-grade differences in choice use within school systems and years. We confirmed findings from previous research …

Quiet Resistance: Drawing On Covert Advocacy Research To Understand School Leadership Within The Current Anti-Trans Context, Alexandria Gribble, Erica Simpson, Meagan S. Richard

Educational Leadership & Workforce Development Faculty Publications

Over the last few years, there has been a surge in anti-LGBTQIA+ and, specifically, anti-transgender, nonbinary, and gender non-conforming legislation. These laws target the rights of LGBTQIA+ students in K–12 schools, leading to policies censoring gender-inclusive curricula, mandating the outing of students, and restricting transgender students’ access to sports and facilities. The rapid emergence of these bills has outpaced research on how leaders—particularly justice-centred leaders—navigate these hostile policy contexts. Existing research taking a broader lens around leaders’ justice work in schools sheds light on how leaders engage in covert advocacy within complex and constraining contexts. However, understanding how leaders resist …

Literary Portraits Of World War I Tirailleurs Sénégalais: Lucie Cousturier's Des Inconnus Chez Moi (1920), And Raymond Escholier's Mahmadou Fofana (1928), Kathy Comfort

World Languages, Literatures and Cultures Faculty Publications and Presentations

The literary depictions of the tirailleurs s & eacute;n & eacute;galais, the West African French colonial troops who fought in World War I, in novels published during the conflict and in the interwar years were often little more than racist caricatures. Two works from the interwar period, Lucie Cousturier's Des Inconnus chez moi (1920) and Raymond Escholier's Mahmadou Fofana (1928), based on the friendships the respective authors established with West African troops during the Great War, provide a counterpoint to the degrading portrayals of the tirailleurs. Cousturier, a painter, taught French to soldiers at the hivernage camp next to her …

Automating International Human Rights Adjudication, Veronika Fikfak, Laurence R. Helfer

Faculty Scholarship

International human rights courts and treaty bodies are increasingly turning to automated decision-making (“ADM”) technologies to expedite and enhance their review of individual complaints. These tribunals have yet to consider many of the legal, normative, and practical issues raised by the use of different types of automation technologies for these purposes. This article offers a comprehensive and balanced assessment of the benefits and challenges of introducing ADM into international human rights adjudication. We argue in favor of using ADM to digitize documents and for internal case management purposes and to make straightforward recommendations regarding registration, inadmissibility, and the calculation of …

Affording Oral Tradition Evidence Due Weight Before The International Court Of Justice, Terrence Neal

Faculty Scholarship

Oral traditions are irreplaceable sources of historical information, particularly with regard to Indigenous Peoples’ histories and cultures. However, when states have submitted oral traditions as evidence of historical practices, events, and circumstances in cases before the International Court of Justice (“Court”), the Court has been reluctant to afford them significant weight. This Article, which is the first detailed study on the Court’s treatment of oral traditions, examines whether the Court is failing to provide them due or appropriate weight. Based on historical, archaeological, and anthropological research, it establishes that oral traditions can be as reliable as written documents for reconstructing …

Artificial Intelligence And Procedural Due Process, Brandon L. Garrett

Faculty Scholarship

Artificial intelligence (AI) violates procedural due process rights if the government uses it to deprive people of life, liberty, and property without adequate notice or an opportunity to be heard. A wide range of government agencies deploy AI systems, including in courts, law enforcement, public benefits administration, and national security. If the government refuses to disclose the reasons why it denied a person bail, public benefits, or immigration status, serious due process concerns arise. If the government delegates such tasks to an AI system, the due process analysis does not change. One asks whether a person received adequate notice and …

Money: A Functional Analysis, Steven L. Schwarcz

Faculty Scholarship

Most people currently think of money as government-issued paper certificates or coins that specify units of currency, such as dollars or euros. The advent of digital currencies, which appear abstract because of their intangibility, is therefore confounding almost everyone.

This Article argues that money should also be viewed functionally—as a “right” that serves one or more of the generally accepted functions of money. The Article focuses on two of money’s most generally accepted functions: to serve as a medium of exchange to facilitate the sale of goods and services, and to serve as a store of value. To perform these …

The Social Cost Of Plastic To The United States, Nancy Lauer, Tibor Vegh, Michelle Nowlin, John Virdin, Jason Somarelli

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Brief Of Professors Julian Arato, Rachel Brewster, Harlan Grant Cohen, David Singh Grewal, J. Benton Heath, Timothy Meyer, Gregory Shaffer, And Chantal Thomas As Amici Curiae In Support Of Petitioners In No. 24-1287 And Respondents In No. 25-250, Julian Arato, Rachel Brewster, Harlan Grant Cohen, David Singh Grewal, J. Benton Heath, Timothy Meyer, Gregory Shaffer, Chantal Thomas

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Judicial Reform From The Inside Out, Daniel Epps, Marin K. Levy

Faculty Scholarship

The Judiciary Act of 1925, the subject of this Symposium, is known as “the Judges Bill” for a reason. The Justices of the Supreme Court, and Chief Justice Taft in particular, produced the Act and persuaded Congress to enact it. To modern eyes, such efforts seem indecorous, perhaps even scandalous. But in fact, Supreme Court Justices and other federal judges have been extensively involved in judicial reform throughout American history. This Essay examines participation by federal judges in judicial reform efforts—what we call judicial reform from the inside out.

We survey examples of judges participating in reform debates from across …

Rethinking Human Rights Treaty Withdrawals: A Process-Based Approach, Laurence R. Helfer, Başak Çalı

Faculty Scholarship

This article presents the case for reconsidering the rules governing withdrawals from human rights treaties that permit unilateral exit. Once a rarity, such withdrawals have been on the rise across the globe. We propose a process-based approach to address this trend. The heart of our proposal focuses on sequenced domestic and international processes to publicise and scrutinise the nearly unfettered authority of executive branch officials to exit from such human rights treaties. This approach requires that national executives explain and justify a decision to withdraw, which can then be evaluated by a wide range of domestic and international actors. Drawing …

A Critique Of Findings On Gun Ownership, Use, And Imagined Use From The 2021 National Firearms Survey: Response To William English, Deborah Azraek, Joseph Blocher, Philip J. Cook, David Hemenway, Matthew Miller

Faculty Scholarship

For a paper that has not yet been through peer review or even been formally published, William English’s “2021 National Firearms Survey” has been remarkably prominent in gun rights advocacy and scholarship. As of December 2024, it has been cited in roughly sixty-five briefs, invoked at oral argument in the Supreme Court and multiple courts of appeals, and regularly cited in public writings and published academic work.

This response is offered in the spirit of a peer review. Our focus is on methodological issues, questionable statistical results, and problematic conclusions. Because of serious methodological issues, English’s draft fails to provide …

Defining The Field Of Judicial Administration, Marin K. Levy

Faculty Scholarship

This Keynote address, as part of a symposium on "Theorizing the Judicial Process," aims to make a case for the field of judicial administration and to define the field more generally. Specifically, it seeks to raise the organizing questions of the field and to note the kind of work--descriptive, empirical, and theoretical--that is needed to answer them. The hope is to map out a collective research agenda for courts scholars to pursue into the future for the benefit of the academy and judiciary, both.

Criminalization Of Immigration, Emily Ryo, Jennifer M. Chacón, Cecilia Menjívar

Faculty Scholarship

This article presents a critical analysis of social scientific research from the past fifteen years on the criminalization of immigration in the United States. Our review reveals three central themes. First, although immigration law is considered federal civil law, immigration enforcement has become substantially intertwined with criminal law enforcement in ways that have broad-ranging and radiating effects on immigrant communities of color. Second, race plays an important bidirectional role in the increasing criminalization of immigration. Specifically, criminalizing immigration results in the racialization of certain immigrant groups as dangerous outsiders, and such racialization has the effect of sustaining and promoting the …

As They Think Best: A History Of The "One Crowded Hour" Autograph Manuscript, Jennifer L. Behrens

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Secondary-Default Remedies: Should Harshness Limit Enforcement?, Steven L. Schwarcz

Faculty Scholarship

This Article examines a critical but largely unexplored issue in contract law: whether secondary defaults—that is, relatively minor or technical defaults not involving debt repayment— should justify enforcing severe contractual remedies. In the context of lending, this issue concerns whether those types of defaults should justify terminating financing commitments, accelerating the maturity of outstanding debt, and foreclosing on collateral, any of which can cause a firm’s failure. Although this issue arises constantly and its resolution can be critical to a firm’s survival, judges and lawyers lack clear answers. This Article analyzes and seeks to provide answers both under existing law …

Chapter 13: Climate Change, Ageism, And Intergenerational Solidarity, Angela K. Perone, Kaycee Peterman, Katherine Perone, Megan Chan, Lihua Huang

Books and Contributions to Books

It examines disproportional impacts of climate change on healthy aging and their link to systemic and interpersonal ageism. Attention is given to adverse impacts of extreme weather on physiological, psychological, and socioeconomic health of older adults, particularly those who experience multiple inequalities. Intergenerational solidarity and its practical implications are explored.

Introduction To Perspectives On The International Criminal Court And International Criminal Law And Procedure: A Symposium In Memory Of Megan Fairlie, Howard Wasserman

FIU Law Review

No abstract provided.