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The Coins From Ḥorbat ‘Ofrat (Pp. 83–92), Gabriela Bijovsky Jan 2025

The Coins From Ḥorbat ‘Ofrat (Pp. 83–92), Gabriela Bijovsky

'Atiqot

This article constitutes a report on the numismatic finds from the IAA 2008 excavations at Ḥorbat ‘Ofrat, as well as on a hoard found near the site in 1962, and another small hoard discovered at the same spot in 1972. In the 2008 excavation, 31 bronze coins, 6 of which were unidentifiable, were found, predominately dating to the fourth century CE (Stratum IV). Three coins precede this period: a ‘year two’ pruṭa of the Jewish War and two antoniniani of Gallienus and his wife Salonina. The 1962 hoard dates from the mid-fourth century CE. The coins from the 1972 excavation …

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Front Matter, Editorial Board Jan 2025

Front Matter, Editorial Board

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.

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Mosaic Floors, Liturgical Furniture And Architectural Sculpture From The Church At Ḥorbat Ḥadat (Hebrew, Pp. 119*–134*; English Summary, Pp. 145–146), Lihi Habas Jan 2025

Mosaic Floors, Liturgical Furniture And Architectural Sculpture From The Church At Ḥorbat Ḥadat (Hebrew, Pp. 119*–134*; English Summary, Pp. 145–146), Lihi Habas

'Atiqot

Excavations within the Ḥorbat Ḥadat church revealed several mosaic floors, a marble chancel screen post and a limestone column capital. The mosaic floors were laid in the early phase of the church and continued in use during its later phase. All the carpets and panels exhibit geometric and floral patterns made in a variety of colored tesserae. The low chancel screen post has a groove for fitting a chancel screen panel and two holes with metal remains, probably for fitting an offerings table. The capital bears an engraved cross within a circle.

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A Greek Inscription From The Church At Ḥorbat Ḥadat (Pp. 121–126), Leah Di Segni Jan 2025

A Greek Inscription From The Church At Ḥorbat Ḥadat (Pp. 121–126), Leah Di Segni

'Atiqot

A three-line Greek inscription was uncovered in the church at Ḥorbat Ḥadat, set within the mosaic pavement of the nave, at the foot of the bema. The inscription includes a unique quotation from Psalms and an invocation to Christ. The inscription is dated to the fifth century CE, most likely in its second half, based on the shape of the letters.

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A Byzantine-Period Church At Ḥorbat Ḥadat (Hebrew, Pp. 93*–118*; English Summary, Pp. 141–143), Uzi ‘Ad, Orit Segal, Oren Shmueli, Rudolph Cohen Jan 2025

A Byzantine-Period Church At Ḥorbat Ḥadat (Hebrew, Pp. 93*–118*; English Summary, Pp. 141–143), Uzi ‘Ad, Orit Segal, Oren Shmueli, Rudolph Cohen

'Atiqot

Excavations at Ḥorbat Ḥadat revealed a church paved with colorful mosaic floors. Two phases of construction were discerned: an early phase, comprising a basilica-type church and a complex of adjacent rooms; and a later phase, when the plan of the church was altered and reduced in size. The construction of the church is dated according to a Greek inscription in a mosaic floor to the second half of the fifth century CE. It is plausible that the church belonged to a large agricultural monastery that was in use from the mid-fifth or early sixth century through the seventh or mid-eighth …

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The Coins From The City Of David (‘Ir David), Siloam Road (Hebrew, Pp. 89*–91*; English Summary, P. 140), Donald T. Ariel Jan 2025

The Coins From The City Of David (‘Ir David), Siloam Road (Hebrew, Pp. 89*–91*; English Summary, P. 140), Donald T. Ariel

'Atiqot

The excavation in the southeastern part of the City of David yielded 27 coins, 20 of which were identified. All the coins are made of bronze and were minted in Jerusalem. They were all dated to the last 110 years before the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 CE, the latest dating from “Year 4” of the First Jewish Revolt (69/70 CE).

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A Second Temple Period Registration Tag From The City Of David (‘Ir David), Siloam Road (Hebrew, Pp. 87*–88*; English Summary, P. 139), Ronny Reich Jan 2025

A Second Temple Period Registration Tag From The City Of David (‘Ir David), Siloam Road (Hebrew, Pp. 87*–88*; English Summary, P. 139), Ronny Reich

'Atiqot

The excavation in the southeastern part of the City of David yielded a body fragment of a clay jar bearing a Hebrew inscription. The inscription seems to represent the agricultural produce of dried figs, probably from one of the many agricultural farms that existed around Jerusalem in the late Second Temple period.

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The City Of David (‘Ir David), Siloam Road: A Plastered Pool Adjacent To The Siloam Pool (Hebrew, Pp. 71*–86*; English Summary, Pp. 137–138), Zvi Greenhut, Gabriel Mazor Jan 2025

The City Of David (‘Ir David), Siloam Road: A Plastered Pool Adjacent To The Siloam Pool (Hebrew, Pp. 71*–86*; English Summary, Pp. 137–138), Zvi Greenhut, Gabriel Mazor

'Atiqot

In the excavation conducted east of the Siloam Pool, a plastered pool was partially exposed along a segment of the outer face of the dam wall. The pool was dated, based on the plaster that coated it and the pottery and coins retrieved from its foundations, to the later part of the first century CE. These findings attest that the pool was constructed during the Great Revolt, probably in its last year, and was in use for a short time only.

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The Middle Bronze Age Pottery Of Ḥorbat ‘Alona (Khirbat El-‘Alawina) (Pp. 47–73), Lilly Gershuny Jan 2025

The Middle Bronze Age Pottery Of Ḥorbat ‘Alona (Khirbat El-‘Alawina) (Pp. 47–73), Lilly Gershuny

'Atiqot

Excavations at Ḥorbat ‘Alona yielded an extensive assemblage of Middle Bronze Age pottery, representing various vessel shapes typical of the period. The most prominent vessel types are the store jars/pithoi and the open bowls. Given the rural character of the site, it is only natural that utilitarian shapes predominate.

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Front Matter, Editorial Board Jan 2025

Front Matter, Editorial Board

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.

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Fauna Remains From The Marketplace At Khan Et-Tujjar (Hebrew, Pp. 57*–62*; English Summary, P. 276), Nimrod Marom Jan 2025

Fauna Remains From The Marketplace At Khan Et-Tujjar (Hebrew, Pp. 57*–62*; English Summary, P. 276), Nimrod Marom

'Atiqot

The salvage excavation near Khan et-Tujjar yielded a small assemblage of animal bones originating in the marketplace that operated at the site from the late Mamluk to the late Ottoman periods. The assemblage is too small to draw conclusions regarding meat consumption at the Khan et-Tujjar marketplace; however, it seems that most of the meat came from cattle and sheep. Several vertebrae exhibit a split along their length, indicating carving by an expert butcher.

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A Mamluk- And Ottoman-Period Marketplace At Khan Et-Tujjar (Hebrew, Pp. 37*–56*; English Summary, Pp. 274–275), Edna Dalali-Amos Jan 2025

A Mamluk- And Ottoman-Period Marketplace At Khan Et-Tujjar (Hebrew, Pp. 37*–56*; English Summary, Pp. 274–275), Edna Dalali-Amos

'Atiqot

A salvage excavation conducted at the southeastern foot of the citadel west of Khan et-Tujjar exposed the remnants of a marketplace known from historical sources and travelers’ and explorers’ diaries, who traveled throughout Syria and Israel during the Mamluk and Ottoman periods. The lively and bustling marketplace operated weekly for centuries. The rich finds—including imported vessels from Syria, Turkey, Italy, Spain and even China—attest to an international commercial activity resembling a European fair.

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The Fauna Remains From Naḥal ‘Anava, Modi‘In (Pp. 251–262), Dana Shtainberg Finali, Ram Bouchnick Jan 2025

The Fauna Remains From Naḥal ‘Anava, Modi‘In (Pp. 251–262), Dana Shtainberg Finali, Ram Bouchnick

'Atiqot

This report presents the fauna remains from Naḥal ‘Anava, Modi‘in, retrieved from the Byzantine-period ashlar building and the Umayyad-period farmhouse. The bone assemblage from Modi‘in is dominated by numerous bone fragments, probably indicating slaughterhouse waste. The low number of cattle is remarkable, indicating local agriculture ruled by caprine herds and derived produce, e.g., milk and wool, as well as a small number of pig bones, probably indicating the ethnicity of the ancient inhabitants, either Jews or Muslims.

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The Glass Finds From Naḥal ‘Anava, Modi‘In (Pp. 241–250), Tamar Winter Jan 2025

The Glass Finds From Naḥal ‘Anava, Modi‘In (Pp. 241–250), Tamar Winter

'Atiqot

The salvage excavations carried out on the banks of Naḥal ‘Anava, Modi‘in, yielded an assemblage of glass finds, all of which were free-blown and many of which were decorated. The finds are characteristic of the Byzantine–Umayyad periods, i.e., the fourth–eighth centuries CE, including bowls, bowls/beakers, bottles, lamps and windowpanes, enhancing our knowledge of the glass products used in this region.

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Evidence Of A Late Byzantine Period Earthquake And A Monastic Stable At ‘Avedat (Oboda) (With A Contribution By Yael Gorin-Rosen) (Pp. 153–197), Tali Erickson-Gini Jan 2025

Evidence Of A Late Byzantine Period Earthquake And A Monastic Stable At ‘Avedat (Oboda) (With A Contribution By Yael Gorin-Rosen) (Pp. 153–197), Tali Erickson-Gini

'Atiqot

Three excavation areas were opened in ‘Avedat National Park, revealing important evidence regarding the effects of earthquakes on the Byzantine-period occupation at the site. In Area B, near the South Church, rooms were added on the exterior of an earlier building in the early fifth century CE, next to a heavy revetment wall. The exterior of a wall covered with red-painted (dipiniti) Christian motifs was uncovered in front of a cave, pointing to its use as a stable by a monastic community. It seems that this wall underwent structural damage, probably due to the early fifth-century CE earthquake. The site …

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Glass Finds From The Roman-Period Mausoleum In ‘Akko (Pp. 53–60), Yael Gorin-Rosen Jan 2025

Glass Finds From The Roman-Period Mausoleum In ‘Akko (Pp. 53–60), Yael Gorin-Rosen

'Atiqot

The glass finds from the mausoleum date to the Roman period, mainly to the second and early third centuries CE. Two special vessels were found together in the clay coffin: a kidney-like vessel and a bird-like vessel/funnel. They were used for a specific purpose—medication and chemistry or measuring and trading of specific liquids—and might point to the profession of the interred. Also found were remains of glass production, attesting to the existence of a glass workshop nearby, prior to or after the construction of the mausoleum.

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A Roman-Period Mausoleum In ‘Akko (With A Contribution By Yossi Nagar) (Pp. 43–52), Joppe Gosker Jan 2025

A Roman-Period Mausoleum In ‘Akko (With A Contribution By Yossi Nagar) (Pp. 43–52), Joppe Gosker

'Atiqot

Remains of a Roman-period mausoleum were exposed, comprising a central room flanked by three loculi on each side. A clay coffin was found in oneloculus, containing a single burial of a 15–25-year-old individual accompanied by an unusual combination of burial goods—oil lamps and glass vessels—that do not align clearly with either Jewish or pagan burial practices.

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Glass Vessels From The Early Roman-Period Residence At Nein (Pp. 27*–36*; English Summary, P. 273), Yael Gorin-Rosen Jan 2025

Glass Vessels From The Early Roman-Period Residence At Nein (Pp. 27*–36*; English Summary, P. 273), Yael Gorin-Rosen

'Atiqot

A small glass assemblage was retrieved from the destruction layer of an Early Roman-period residence uncovered at Nein. To date, only a few glass assemblages originating from Early Roman-period settlement strata in the north of the country have been published, and hence its importance. The assemblage comprises an aryballos, a handled bottle, a juglet and a jug—all dated to the first or the beginning of the second century CE.

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An Early Roman-Period Residence At Nein And Episodes Of The First Jewish Revolt In The Jezreel Valley (With A Contribution By Gabriela Bijovsky) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–26*; English Summary, Pp. 271–272), Fadi Abu-Zidan, Yardenna Alexandre, Danny Syon Jan 2025

An Early Roman-Period Residence At Nein And Episodes Of The First Jewish Revolt In The Jezreel Valley (With A Contribution By Gabriela Bijovsky) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–26*; English Summary, Pp. 271–272), Fadi Abu-Zidan, Yardenna Alexandre, Danny Syon

'Atiqot

A salvage excavation in Nein revealed architectural remains of four strata: a late Hellenistic-period (first century BCE) building; a luxurious Early Roman-period residence (late first century BCE to second half of the first century CE); two Mamluk-period ṭabuns; and a late Ottoman-period cesspit and house foundations. The Early Roman-period residence yielded many finds: a rich pottery assemblage, including imported ESA bowls, glass vessels, gold earrings, a bronze bracelet, an iron housekey, a bronze pendant, gems, aucissa fibulae and faience beads. A skeleton of a woman was exposed under a layer of ash and collapsed building stones, accompanied by two gold …

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Front Matter, The Editorial Board Jan 2025

Front Matter, The Editorial Board

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.

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The Skeletal Remains Of A Byzantine-Period Monk From Har Ḥoma (P. 301), Yossi Nagar Jan 2025

The Skeletal Remains Of A Byzantine-Period Monk From Har Ḥoma (P. 301), Yossi Nagar

'Atiqot

Human skeletal remains were found in a grave underneath the floor of a central room in the Byzantine monastery at Har Ḥoma, indicating the primary burial of an adult male. Burials beneath the floors of Byzantine-period monasteries are common in the Jerusalem region.

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The Glass Finds From The Monastery At Har Ḥoma (Pp. 293–295), Tamar Winter Jan 2025

The Glass Finds From The Monastery At Har Ḥoma (Pp. 293–295), Tamar Winter

'Atiqot

The excavation of the monastic complex at Har Ḥoma yielded 25 glass finds, including vessel and windowpane fragments. The finds are characteristic of the sixth–seventh centuries CE, similar to assemblages of glass vessels and windowpanes discovered in contemporary monastic complexes in Jerusalem and its vicinity. The distribution of the glass finds within the complex sheds light on its architecture and operation.

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A Byzantine-Period Monastery At Har Ḥoma, Between Jerusalem And Bethlehem (Pp. 257–292), Yehiel Zelinger Jan 2025

A Byzantine-Period Monastery At Har Ḥoma, Between Jerusalem And Bethlehem (Pp. 257–292), Yehiel Zelinger

'Atiqot

Excavations on the northern slope of a high hill southeast of the Har Ḥoma neighborhood revealed a single-phased, sixth–seventh-century CE Byzantine coenobium monastery, and several quarries and agricultural installations. The monastery comprised a central courtyard surrounded by rooms, a chapel and a winepress. This monastery was small, probably inhabited by a community of about 20 monks. Most of the finds from the site––pottery, glass and coins––date to the Byzantine–Early Islamic periods, up to the eighth century CE. The complex resembles other contemporary monasteries located between Jerusalem and Bethlehem, the two holiest cities of Christianity.

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“(Work) Of Cilo”: An Impression Of A Roman-Period Private Stamp From The Western Wall Tunnels (Pp. 239–255), Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah, Rachel Bar-Nathan, Anat Cohen-Weinberger, Leah Di Segni Jan 2025

“(Work) Of Cilo”: An Impression Of A Roman-Period Private Stamp From The Western Wall Tunnels (Pp. 239–255), Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah, Rachel Bar-Nathan, Anat Cohen-Weinberger, Leah Di Segni

'Atiqot

A fragment of a clay roof tile bearing the name Cilo was discovered in the Western Wall Tunnels, west of the Herodian Temple Mount. This impression joins other private stamps of the Late Roman period (second and third/early fourth century CE) previously found in Jerusalem and its environs. The private stamps of the Roman period may be attributed to private workshops that operated in Aelia Capitolina after production ceased in the military workshop at Binyene Ha-Umma.

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Herodian Pavement (Esplanade?) And Later Remains Near Warren’S Gate, West Of The Temple Mount, Jerusalem (Pp. 195–210), Alexander Onn, Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah Jan 2025

Herodian Pavement (Esplanade?) And Later Remains Near Warren’S Gate, West Of The Temple Mount, Jerusalem (Pp. 195–210), Alexander Onn, Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah

'Atiqot

The excavation west of Warren’s Gate exposed five strata dating from the late Second Temple period (first century CE) to medieval times (tenth–thirteenth centuries CE). A pavement and drainage channel dating from the first century CE were most probably associated with the northwestern Herodian entrance gate to the Temple Mount. A small segment of a sixth-century CE pavement, exposed above the Roman drainage channel, seems to have been part of a street or a public square, and an Early Islamic staircase descending eastward may have led to the entrance gate to the Temple Mount. It is believed that Warren’s Gate …

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The Facade Of The Tel Arza Burial Cave: Architectural Style And A Comparative Study (Pp. 177–186), Orit Peleg-Barkat Jan 2025

The Facade Of The Tel Arza Burial Cave: Architectural Style And A Comparative Study (Pp. 177–186), Orit Peleg-Barkat

'Atiqot

The Tel Arza burial cave is one of the most elaborately decorated burial caves in the Second Temple period necropolis of Jerusalem. Its distylos in antis facade resembles a two-story edifice facade, probably indicating that the tomb was owned by an affluent Jewish family. This paper presents an analysis of the architectural components of the decorated facade, followed by a general discussion and comparative study as a means for providing a relative dating for the burial cave.

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A Monumental Burial Cave In The Tel Arza Neighborhood, Jerusalem (Pp. 161–176), Alexander Wiegmann, Yuval Baruch Jan 2025

A Monumental Burial Cave In The Tel Arza Neighborhood, Jerusalem (Pp. 161–176), Alexander Wiegmann, Yuval Baruch

'Atiqot

A previously documented facade and courtyard of an elaborate burial cave were uncovered in the Tel Arza neighborhood, located in the Second Temple period northern necropolis of Jerusalem. The facade was carved into the dense white meleke limestone. This article presents new details and a reevaluation of the facade’s architectural decorations, offering a more accurate reconstruction.

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Chalkstone Vessels From Bishop Gobat School, Mount Zion, Jerusalem (Pp. 147–150), David Amit Jan 2025

Chalkstone Vessels From Bishop Gobat School, Mount Zion, Jerusalem (Pp. 147–150), David Amit

'Atiqot

The excavations on the western slopes of Mount Zion yielded a rich and varied selection of chalkstone vessels, typical of Jewish settlements of the late Second Temple period and the period between the Revolts (first century BCE–second century CE). Stone vessels have been discovered in many sites in Herodian-period Jerusalem, and it is commonly accepted that they were produced in adherence to Jewish halakhic constrictions, according to which stone vessels retained their purity.

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A Herodian-Period Staircase On Mount Zion, Jerusalem, And A Reevaluation Of The Remainsfrom Bishop Gobat School (Pp. 89–128), Amit Re’Em Jan 2025

A Herodian-Period Staircase On Mount Zion, Jerusalem, And A Reevaluation Of The Remainsfrom Bishop Gobat School (Pp. 89–128), Amit Re’Em

'Atiqot

The excavation near Bishop Gobat School on Mount Zion exposed findings, which together with information gleaned from previous nearby excavations, permits a renewed discussion of three principal elements: a stairway, a dump and the ‘Rock Scarp of Zion.’ This article presents insights and suggestions regarding the existence of a stepped path that led to a gate in the First Wall; the identification of the dump that sealed the stairway as the Roman siege ramp that was piled up to besiege Jerusalem; and the dating of the ‘Rock Scarp of Zion’ to the Crusader/Ayyubid period, the twelfth to thirteenth centuries CE.

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A Middle Bronze Age Ii Burial Cave At Beit Ṣafafa, Jerusalem (With Contributions By Daphna Ben-Tor, Laura A. Peri) (Pp. 1–31), Nathan Ben-Ari, Alexander Wiegmann Jan 2025

A Middle Bronze Age Ii Burial Cave At Beit Ṣafafa, Jerusalem (With Contributions By Daphna Ben-Tor, Laura A. Peri) (Pp. 1–31), Nathan Ben-Ari, Alexander Wiegmann

'Atiqot

The burial cave, that was part of a larger burial site along the Refa’im Valley, was hewn on the southern slope of a chalky hill above the northern bank of a small wadi. The finds in the cave were clustered in six distinct groups, comprising standardized burial kits of pottery and metal finds, showing close affinities with other central hill country burial sites. Some prestige items, such as a scarab, an amulet, a cylinder seal and a dagger, were recovered from the cave, suggesting that at least one high-ranking individual was interred.

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