Digital Commons Network^™

Interim Measures In International Commercial Arbitration: Revisiting Enforceability, Sophia Kubo

Michigan Journal of International Law

Interim measures may offer a solution to obstructive tactics in international commercial disputes. While arbitral tribunals’ authority to grant provisional relief is now widely recognized, enforcement remains legally uncertain and fragmented, undermining the promise of this solution. Acknowledging that proposals for a supranational treaty on enforcement of interim measures or an amendment to existing treaties are unrealistic, this article offers a critical analysis of existing enforcement models– court assistance, exequatur, and mixed approaches–and evaluates them through the lens of legal certainty and efficiency. The article argues that the exequatur model, supported by a dynamic interpretation of the New York Convention, …

Institutionalizing The Trade-Labor Nexus, Yueming Yan

Michigan Journal of International Law

While scholars have extensively explored the evolution of labor provisions in trade agreements, less attention has been paid to the institutional mechanisms that operationalize these provisions. This article addresses this gap by offering a comparative analysis of labor compliance models that are emerging across jurisdictions.

Recognizing that no institutional design is without trade-offs, this article applies the theory of comparative institutional analysis to evaluate existing models—not by asking whether they are (in)effective in the abstract, but: (in)effective compared to what? Specifically, it examines the strengths and limitations of various institutional mechanisms using benchmarks that matter to policymakers, including procedural efficiency, …

Learning About Gujarati: Cultural Identity And Family Language, Vritti Sodha

Florida Atlantic Undergraduate Research Journal

Language loss is a prevalent problem that is occurring in immigrant families in the United States. Since regional languages such as Gujarati are not used outside of households and community gatherings, it is not given much importance to learn. In order to combat this problem, community centers hold Gujarati classes for students of all ages to help preserve the language, but the lack of motivation to learn the language still remains. This is because a student needs to have a connection to the language to be motivated to learn it, which can be made through active learning. This study examines …

Unwilling Consent Or Ravishment? Sexual Violence In Late Seventeenth-Century London, Susan Hernandez

Florida Atlantic Undergraduate Research Journal

No abstract provided.

Emerging Library Leaders’ Summer School For Asia-Pacific (Ellssa): Smu Libraries Flagship Leadership Development Program For Librarians, Rajendra Munoo, Sumita Govindan

Research Collection Library

Strong leadership skills are becoming more important for librarians as they deal with rapid digital change in a VUCA world, rising user expectations, and a workforce made up of different generations. The Emerging Library Leaders’ Summer School for Asia-Pacific (ELLSSA) is Singapore Management University (SMU) Libraries’ main leadership development program, created to prepare early‑career librarians and high‑potential staff for future leadership roles across the Asia‑Pacific region and beyond. Recognised by the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) as one of only a small number of leadership programs in the region, ELLSSA helps address gaps in leadership development within …

350 Years Later: A Creation Lens On The Birth Of Bacteriology, Alan L. Gillen

Faculty Publications and Presentations

No abstract provided.

Assessment Of Information Literacy Instruction In Reference: Applying Vanscoy’S Conceptual And Procedural Framework In Practice, Vanessa Arce

Publications and Research

The instructional aspect of reference work has long been acknowledged, especially in academic libraries. The current RUSA guidelines include helping users develop information literacy as a goal of reference. In this context, investigating the presence and nature of information literacy instruction can be used to assess the quality of reference services. This study applied Amy VanScoy’s conceptual/procedural framework for point-of-need instruction to a sample of chat reference transcripts at Lehman College, City University of New York. One of the assessment’s goals was to determine the prevalence of instruction and type of knowledge addressed in reference interactions. Another goal was to …

Elemental Analysis Of Upper Devonian To Lower Mississippian Organic-Rich Mudstone Cores From Kentucky By Portable X-Ray Fluorescence (Pxrf), Alex M. Washburn

KGS Research Data Set

This dataset contains high-density portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) elemental analyses of 1,867 m (6,125 ft) of Upper Devonian to Lower Mississippian organic-rich mudstone cores from Kentucky. Analyses were collected from cores across the Illinois Basin, Cincinnati Arch, and Appalachian Basin to support regional evaluation of elemental variability, chemostratigraphy, and redox-sensitive trace-metal enrichment in Devonian–Mississippian mudstone successions. All measurements were conducted using a Bruker Tracer 5 pXRF analyzer with the factory “Mudrock Air” calibration, using analytical settings optimized for both low-atomic-number elements and transition metals/redox-sensitive trace elements. Reference materials SARM-41 and SGR-1 were analyzed throughout the analytical sequence to monitor instrument …

The Bridwell Quarterly, Issues 32 & 33, Spring-Summer 2026, Michelle S. Ried, Anthony Elia

Bridwell Library Publications

No abstract provided.

Perceived Teacher Tensions: Navigating Educational Mandates Of Explicit Instruction And Culturally Responsive Pedagogy, Ruby Olivia D'Aietti, Brian Lewthwaite, Philemon Chigeza

Australian Journal of Teacher Education

In this paper I discuss the perceived tensions in navigating an Explicit Instruction approach with a Culturally Responsive Pedagogy at the cultural interface. The study took place in a Year 6/7 classroom in the Torres Strait, Queensland, Australia. All students identified as EAL/D learners. As an experienced, yet non-Indigenous practitioner, I documented the perceived tensions I encountered in the discipline of English. Adopting an Action Research methodology, I explored the classroom struggles as I navigated the mandate of teaching explicitly, yet responsively. I used student dialogue sessions and a reflective journal to document my tensions. Results showed, despite being able …

Dnp Final Report: From Academic Chaos To Professional Preparedness: Time Management And Goal Setting To Support Self-Efficacy In Undergraduate Nursing Students, Cristy Baker Mrs.

DNP Final Reports

Low perceived self-efficacy among undergraduate nursing students may contribute to stress, burnout, and challenges with academic success and program completion. Evidence suggests that interventions focused on time management and goal setting may support students' confidence.

The purpose of this improvement project was to implement time-management and goal-setting interventions and evaluate changes in perceived self-efficacy among undergraduate nursing students. Guided by Bandura's Self-Efficacy Theory and the ADKAR Change Model, the project examined the changes in perceived self-efficacy following the implementation of the interventions. The PICOT guiding the project was: In undergraduate nursing students (P), how does implementing time management and goal-setting …

If You Want To Fly, Nandi Gayles '29

Black Studies Student Scholarship

My research explores the intersections of Sociology and Literature rooted in the unique gendered perspective of Blackness in the novels The Bluest Eye and Beloved by Toni Morrison. Morrison’s works are rooted in the authenticity of Blackness and being. She inherently studies human behavior and social interaction to communicate narratives that have often gone untold––those that center the Black experience. Morrison’s work is revolutionary as she intentionally wrote to disregard the white gaze. Her work is literature rooted in a sociological landscape that contributes to personal and social liberation of Black people. Using auto-theory as my methodology, this project places …

If You Want To Fly, Nandi Gayles '29

Sociology & Anthropology Student Scholarship

My research explores the intersections of Sociology and Literature rooted in the unique gendered perspective of Blackness in the novels The Bluest Eye and Beloved by Toni Morrison. Morrison’s works are rooted in the authenticity of Blackness and being. She inherently studies human behavior and social interaction to communicate narratives that have often gone untold––those that center the Black experience. Morrison’s work is revolutionary as she intentionally wrote to disregard the white gaze. Her work is literature rooted in a sociological landscape that contributes to personal and social liberation of Black people. Using auto-theory as my methodology, this project places …

The Most Age-Diverse Society In Our Country's History, Cal J. Halvorsen, Logan Fox, Tim B. Zielonko

Harvey A. Friedman Center for Aging

The public narrative is that the United States population is getting older. This is, indeed, true. We have more people over age 50 than we have ever had in our country—both in total numbers and in the share of the population. The numbers of older people will continue to grow, all the way up until the projections stop at the year 2100. Many have asked, “What will we do with all of these older people?”

In Vivo Evidence Of Blood Flow Slippage: Failure Of The No-Slip Boundary Condition Assumption, Alena Jarolímová, Jaroslav Hron, Karel Tůma, Radomír Chabiniok, Josef Málek, Keshava Rajagopal

Division of Cardiology Faculty Papers

The assumption that blood adheres to vessel walls with zero tangential velocity component, the so-called "no-slip" boundary condition, is a foundational premise of cardiovascular fluid dynamics. Whether the no-slip condition holds in vivo, however, remains unknown. Seven healthy adult volunteers underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. With four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging of the descending thoracic aorta and modeling blood as a Navier-Stokes fluid, near-wall blood velocities were quantified, and wall shear stress was calculated based on the measured velocity fields. Within the Navier-Stokes data assimilation framework, tangential wall velocities of ∼30-80% of the mean luminal velocity were consistently obtained. These …

Reflecting On Freedom: 250 Years Through The Eyes Of Wvu Alumni Artists Exhibition, Sally Brown, Livia Balan, Ken Hillberry, Yvette Mazza, Precious Burger, Margaret Rose Caro, Ron Hollingshead, Betsy Jaeger, Ruth Yang, Tom Ott, Nancy Swisher, Griffin Nordstrom, Ben Nelsen, Morin Nessim, Desiree Vu, Ali Printz, Tiera Joy Tanner, Eliza Siefert, Stephanie Alaniz, Raymond Thompson, Sue Byrd, Michael Vercelli, Lesley Cottrell, Penny Lipscomb, Joshua Lohnes, Kelly Watson, Hal Gorby, Judith Stitzel, Bonnie Brown, Bob Britten, Renee K. Nicholson, Ellen Rodrigues, Erik Herron, Mark Brazaitis, Alfgeir Kristjansson, Linda Rosefsky, Joseph Lupo, Beth Royall, Evy Wright

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

In honor of the United States’ 250th anniversary, the 2026–27 WVU Alumni Art Show invites viewers to explore freedom and independence through the eyes of West Virginia University alumni artists. This exhibition gathers a rich spectrum of perspectives—personal, historical, political, and cultural—demonstrating that the meaning of liberty is neither fixed nor singular. The exhibit also includes community responses to the work.

Portraits, abstractions, text-based paintings, mixed media, ceramics, and quilts collectively reveal the diverse ways artists grapple with liberty: as memory and inheritance, as resistance and care, and as lived, ongoing practice. By presenting these perspectives side by side, the …

An Evaluation Of Plc Implementation, Teacher Perceptions, And Achievement And Growth In A Rural Elementary School, Barbara B. Hines

Education Theses and Dissertations

Student growth in reading and mathematics has declined steadily at a small rural elementary campus in East Texas, particularly in grades 4 and 5, even as achievement scores have remained near state averages for grades 3 through 5. This gap between proficiency and progress, compounded by the expiration of pandemic relief funding and increasing state accountability pressure, created an urgent need to evaluate whether existing campus structures were functioning as intended. The purpose of this study, which used an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design, was to examine how variation in professional learning community (PLC) implementation was associated with differences in student …

Improving The Implementation Of Response To Intervention Through Structured Professional Learning Communitiies, Amanda Southerland

Education Theses and Dissertations

This Improvement Science Dissertation in Practice examined how the current Response to Intervention (RTI) framework supported math achievement for fifth-and-sixth grade students at a rural intermediate campus in Northeast Texas. Although Tier 1 and Tier 2 supports were in place, many students continued to struggle to demonstrate meaningful growth in mathematics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the current RTI framework, identify barriers affecting its implementation, and implement an improvement strategy based on the findings. A mixed-methods approach was used to analyze district benchmark and STAAR data, teacher surveys, and focus group interviews. Findings from the evaluation identified …

State-Mandated Principal Mentoring And Its Relationship To Leadership Efficacy, Working Conditions, And Student Achievement Across Contexts, Ellen Willoughby

Education Theses and Dissertations

Although principal mentoring has been widely studied, far less is known about whether state-level mentoring mandates function as effective policy levers for improving principal or student outcomes. This sequential explanatory mixed-methods study examined the relationship between state mentoring mandates in principal preparation programs and four outcomes: principal leadership efficacy, occupational stress, pay satisfaction, and student achievement. Phase 1 employed multiple linear regression with state-level data from the 2020–2021 National Teacher and Principal Survey (NTPS), 2022 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), and 2023 Education Commission of the States mentoring mandate classifications. Phase 2 used semi-structured interviews with four practicing principals …

Tailoring Crushing Responses Of Hexagonal Crash Box Filled With Additively Manufactured Lattice Structures By Assessing The Influence Of Material Parameters, L. D. Lumanauw, A. Jusuf, M. H. Jarwadi, L. Gunawan, T. Sebaey, A. Yudhanto

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Hexagonal crash boxes offer superior crashworthiness compared to other cross-sectional geometries, and their performance can be further enhanced by integrating additively manufactured lattice fillers. This study investigates the quasi-static crushing behavior of hexagonal crash boxes filled with hexagonal close-packed (HCP) lattice structures fabricated via stereolithography (SLA). Finite element models developed in ABAQUS/Explicit, validated against quasi-static compression experiments, show discrepancies below 5%, indicating that polymeric lattice fillers provide modest performance gains, achieving a crushing force efficiency (CFE) of 20%–25%. Replacing polymeric lattices with metallic fillers, namely 316L stainless steel and Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy, substantially increases energy absorption, with Ti–6Al–4V delivering the …

Insurance Type And Menopausal Hormone Therapy Use Among Us Women, Arina Chesnokova, Sunni Mumford, Allison Schachter, Rebecca Hamm, Scott Lorch, Matthew Klebanoff, Sarah Lindley, Erika Harness, Makeba Williams, Marilyn Schapira

Student Papers, Posters & Projects

IMPORTANCE: Access to menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) in the US remains low. Understanding whether insurance type is associated with MHT underuse and racial disparities in menopausal care is critical for designing interventions that increase evidence-based and equitable menopause care.

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether Medicaid compared with private insurance is associated with lower MHT use among US women. A secondary objective explored the degree that payer type is associated with observed racial differences in MHT use.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional study used the 2013-2014, 2015-2016, and 2017-2020 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to identify …

Fluoroquinolone Use And Risk Of Pneumothorax In Adults Hospitalized With Community Acquired Pneumonia: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Steven Yi B. S., Saurav Sumughan B.S., Jessica Cobb M. D., Erika J. Yoo

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

Objectives: The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between fluoroquinolone exposure and pneumothorax risk in patients hospitalized with pneumonia.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used the TriNetX US Collaborative Network. We defined two mutually exclusive cohorts of hospitalized adults based on exposure to antibiotic classes commonly used to treat community acquired pneumonia: fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, and ofloxacin) versus nonfluoroquinolone (amoxicillin, azithromycin, ceftriaxone, and doxycycline). Patients with connective tissue disorders were excluded. The primary outcome was the occurrence of pneumothorax within 60 days. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) adjusted for demographics, …

Multimodal Contrastive Spatiotemporal Self-Organizing Neural Networks For In-Home Activity Learning Of Mild Cognitive Impairment, Seng Khoon Teh, Ah-Hwee Tan, Kar Way Tan, Iris Rawtaer

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In-home spatiotemporal data, such as the movement trajectory data and the spatial time series data, contains potential predictive utility for detection of geriatric conditions including Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), frailty, and cognitive frailty. However, few have explored spatiotemporal learning models for learning and fusion of such disparate spatiotemporal data, owing to the lack of a generalized machine learning model that can jointly model these different spatiotemporal data types. This work reports a multimodal spatiotemporal machine learning model based on a class of self-organizing neural networks that can integrate different spatiotemporal data types for MCI detection. Specifically, Episodic Memory Adaptive Resonance …

Configuring Agentic Ai Coding Tools: An Exploratory Study, Matthias Galster, Seyedmoein Mohsenimofidi, Jai Lal Lulla, Muhammad Auwal Abubakar, Christoph Treude, Sebastian Baltes

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Agentic AI coding tools increasingly automate software development tasks. Developers can configure these tools through versioned repository-level artifacts such as Markdown and JSON files. We present a systematic analysis of configuration mechanisms for agentic AI coding tools, covering Claude Code, GitHub Copilot, Cursor, Gemini, and Codex. We identify eight configuration mechanisms spanning from static context to executable and external integrations and, in an empirical study of 2,853 GitHub repositories, examine whether and how they are adopted, with a detailed analysis of Context Files, Skills, and Subagents. First, Context Files dominate the configuration landscape and are often the sole mechanism in …

Air: Improving Agent Safety Through Incident Response, Zibo Xiao, Jun Sun, Junjie Chen

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are increasingly deployed in practice across a wide range of autonomous applications. Yet current safety mechanisms for LLM agents focus almost exclusively on preventing failures in advance, providing limited capabilities for responding to, containing, or recovering from incidents after they inevitably arise. In this work, we introduce AIR, the first incident response framework for LLM agent systems. AIR defines a domain-specific language for managing the incident response lifecycle autonomously in LLM agent systems, and integrates it into the agent's execution loop to (1) detect incidents via semantic checks grounded in the current environment state and …

I Didn’T Think Teaching Was For Me: An Autoethnography Of Teaching Other People's Children, Jaquinetta Mitchell

School of Education and Leadership Student Capstone Theses and Dissertations

This autoethnographic study examines how the cooperating teacher-student teacher relationships shapes professional identity, culturally responsive practice, and long-term teaching efficacy, particularly when preparing educators to work with students of color. Drawing on my own reflective narrative as a Black woman who navigated a predominantly White teacher preparation program and entered the profession inadequately prepared to serve diverse students, alongside three rounds of data collected from former student teachers, this study asks: How does the student teaching experience affect teachers’ educational journeys? What support do cooperating teachers need to effectively mentor student teachers working with students of color? How does the …

Strategies For Classroom Teachers Using Generative Artificial Intelligence, Hoang-Kim Nguyen

School of Education and Leadership Student Capstone Theses and Dissertations

This study investigated strategies for classroom teachers using generative artificial intelligence (Gen AI), the challenges high school teachers face when integrating Gen AI tools into the classroom, and how teachers address these challenges. Using a qualitative approach, the study surveyed 26 teachers and conducted five interviews with teachers in two suburban school districts. The results indicated that there are leadership and professional development gaps in Gen AI in high schools. The findings suggested that districts need to provide professional development and leadership on Gen AI to help teachers integrate it into the classroom and prepare students for the Gen AI …

The Standardization Of Teaching: Minnesota Elementary Teacher Perceptions Of Academic Standards In 21st-Century Classrooms, Katie Rotvold

School of Education and Leadership Student Capstone Theses and Dissertations

This sequential explanatory mixed methods study examined how Minnesota elementary teachers’ perceptions of academic standards and assessment influence their instructional practices in the context of 21st-century classrooms. Guided by Ajzen’s (1991) Theory of Planned Behavior, the study explored teachers’ attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control related to implementing academic standards. Quantitative data were collected through an online questionnaire completed by 221 Minnesota elementary teachers, followed by qualitative analysis of open-ended survey responses and semi-structured interviews with four teachers. Results indicated that teachers generally held positive attitudes toward academic standards, perceived strong expectations from administrators and state policymakers to implement …

Academic Achievement Of Students In The United States: The Lived Experience Of Being A Black, Hard-Of-Hearing College Learner, Tracy Laneis Ivy

School of Education and Leadership Student Capstone Theses and Dissertations

Black Deaf and Hard of Hearing college students’ current educational experiences are shaped by their lived experiences in high school classrooms. This qualitative study centers the voices and lived experiences of 15 Black Deaf and Hard of Hearing college students. The purpose was to explore how the participants, first-, second-, or third-year college students, made meaning of their high school classroom experiences and how those experiences continued to influence their college experiences. This study was informed by Critical Race Theory, Intersectionality, Disability Studies and Critical Race Theory in Education, and Counter-Narrative.

Data were collected using Seidman’s three-interview series, which required …

Sharing The Voices Of Latine Students: Their Experiences Of Community, Belonging And Joy In A Suburban Public High School, Ashley Acosta-Meyers

School of Education and Leadership Student Capstone Theses and Dissertations

This qualitative phenological and ethnographic study explored how seven Latine high school students in a suburban public high school defined and experienced community, belonging, and joy, asking what school spaces, experiences, and practices build or diminish these three concepts. Data was collected through four interview sessions per participant, reflective journaling, and three culturally and linguistically responsive walkthrough observations, and were analyzed through layered linguistic, narrative, and thematic coding. Findings showed that belonging and joy were tied to specific spaces rather than felt evenly across the school day. Institutional fairness shaped belonging as much as any relationship. Latine identity was contested, …