Digital Commons Network^™

Mitigating Cross-Modal Representation Bias For Multicultural Image-To-Recipe Retrieval, Qing Wang, Chong-Wah Ngo, Yu Cao, Ee-Peng Lim

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Existing approaches for image-to-recipe retrieval have the implicit assumption that a food image can fully capture the details textually documented in its recipe. However, a food image only reflects the visual outcome of a cooked dish and not the underlying cooking process. Consequently, learning cross-modal representations to bridge the modality gap between images and recipes tends to ignore subtle, recipe-specific details that are not visually apparent but are crucial for recipe retrieval. Specifically, the representations are biased to capture the dominant visual elements, resulting in difficulty in ranking similar recipes with subtle differences in use of ingredients and cooking methods. …

Art4math: Handwritten Mathematical Expression Recognition Via Multimodal Sketch Grounding, Yang Zhou, Jin Wang, Yuxiao Zhang, Kaixiang Huang, Guodong Lu, Jingru Yang, Shengfeng He

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Handwritten Mathematical Expression Recognition (HMER) remains a challenging task due to the structural complexity of mathematical notation and the ambiguity of handwritten symbols-e.g., ''ρ'' vs. ''p'' or ''B'' vs. ''β''. While stroke-based models offer disambiguation via temporal cues, most existing methods are constrained by coarse modality fusion and a lack of fine-grained cross-modal alignment, further hindered by limited annotated data. We introduce Art for Math (Art4Math), a novel framework that leverages the structural richness of human sketches to enhance HMER through fine-grained, modality-aware learning. Art4Math follows a two-stage training paradigm: Art Grounding (A-Grd) and Math Decoding (M-Dec). In A-Grd, the …

Emoshortcuts: Emotionally Expressive Body Augmentation For Social Mixed Reality Avatars, Hyuna Seo, Youngki Lee, Rajesh Krishna Balan, Thivya Kandappu

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

We present EmoShortcuts1, a novel social Mixed Reality (MR) framework that enhances emotional expression by dynamically augmenting avatar body gestures to reflect users’ emotional states. While social MR enables immersive remote interactions through avatars, conveying emotions remains challenging due to limitations in head-mounted display (HMD) tracking (e.g., missing lower-body movements, such as stomping or defensive postures), and users’ tendency to deprioritize nonverbal expressions during multitasking. EmoShortcuts addresses these challenges by introducing an augmentation framework that generates expressive body gestures even when users’ physical movements are restricted. We conducted a formative study with 12 participants to identify key challenges in emotional …

Language-Driven 3d Human Pose Estimation In Multi-Person Scenarios: A New Dataset And Approach, Tingrui Shen, Bangzhen Liu, Zhirun Fan, Shiting Zhang, Weifeng Pan, Sun Fan, Dan Cao, Shengfeng He

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In an NBA game scenario, consider the challenge of locating and analyzing the 3D poses of players performing a user-specified action, such as attempting a shot. Traditional 3D human pose estimation (3DHPE) methods often fall short in such complex, multi-person scenes due to their lack of semantic integration and reliance on isolated pose data. To address these limitations, we introduce Language-Driven 3D Human Pose Estimation (L3DHPE), a novel approach that extends 3DHPE to general multi-person contexts by incorporating detailed language descriptions. We present Panoptic-L3D, the first dataset designed for L3DHPE, featuring 3,838 linguistic annotations for 1,476 individuals across 588 videos, …

Advances In Iot, Ai, And Sensor‑Based Technologies For Disease Treatment, Health Promotion, Successful Ageing, And Ageing Well, Yuzhou Qian, Keng Siau

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Recent advancements in the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) are unlocking transformative opportunities across society. One of the most critical challenges addressed by these technologies is the ageing population, which presents mounting concerns for healthcare systems and quality of life worldwide. By supporting continuous monitoring, personal care, and data-driven decision-making, IoT and AI are shifting healthcare delivery from a reactive approach to a proactive one. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of IoT-based systems with a particular focus on the Internet of Healthcare Things (IoHT) and their integration with AI, referred to as the Artificial Intelligence of …

Website Owner Identification Through Multi-Level Contrastive Representation Learning, Cheng Tu, Yunshan Ma, Yang Li, Min Zhang, Miao Hu, Fan Shi, Xiang Wang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Website owner identification aims to recognize the organization or individual who owns a given website that is served on the web. It is a crucial step for cyberspace surveying and mapping, playing a significant role in cyberspace administration and governance. Existing widely employed solutions for website owner identification mainly fall into two paradigms: (1) querying the public information databases such as WHOIS, which store the Internet resource’s registered users or assignees; and (2) directly extracting the organization or individual name of the website owner from the webpage using the technique of named entity recognition. However, the former is less reliable …

Unsupervised Visual Chain-Of-Thought Reasoning Via Preference Optimization, Kesen Zhao, Beier Zhu, Qianru Sun, Hanwang Zhang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning greatly improves the interpretability and problem-solving abilities of multimodal large language models (MLLMs). However, existing ap proaches focus on text CoT, limiting their ability to lever age visual cues. Visual CoT remains underexplored, and the only work [35] is based on supervised fine-tuning that relies on extensive labeled bounding-box data and is hard to generalize to unseen cases. In this paper, we introduce Unsupervised Visual CoT (UV-CoT), a novel framework for image-level CoT reasoning via preference optimization. UV-CoTperforms preference comparisons between model generated bounding boxes (one is preferred and the other is dis-preferred), eliminating the need for …

Spd: Shallow Backdoor Protecting Deep Backdoor Against Backdoor Detection, Shunjie Yuan, Xinghua Li, Xuelin Cao, Haiyan Zhang, Mengyao Zhu, Robert H. Deng

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Backdoor attacks have revealed the vulnerability of deep neural networks (DNNs), which motivates the development of secure deep learning systems. However, existing backdoor attacks often fail to bypass backdoor detection and human visual inspection, resulting in the exposure of the backdoor implanted in DNNs, which can subsequently be significantly mitigated through pruning or fine-tuning on benign data. To address this issue, in this paper, we propose a novel backdoor attack called SPD (Shallow Protecting Deep), which consists of a deep backdoor in the frequency domain and a shallow backdoor in the pixel domain, where the shallow backdoor acts as a …

Morphology-Aware Hrv Estimation From Wrist Ppg In Sedentary Scenarios, Changshuo Hu, Hung Manh Pham, Dong Ma

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Photoplethysmography (PPG) is widely used in wearable devices for non-invasive heart rate variability (HRV) monitoring. While most prior work focuses on mitigating motion artifacts, recent studies highlight that even subtle contact pressure variations can distort waveform morphology and lead to inaccurate HRV estimates. In this work, we propose a morphology-aware deep learning framework that conditions HRV estimation on beat-level waveform types. Our model jointly encodes the raw PPG waveform and a sequence of pressure-induced morphology labels using parallel encoders, integrates them via cross-attention, and predicts normal-to-normal (NN) intervals and beat count to support downstream HRV computation. Evaluated on the public …

Developing A Strong Cps Defender: An Evolutionary Approach, Qingyuan Hu, Christopher M. Poskitt, Jun Sun, Yuqi Chen

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) are used extensively in critical infrastructure, underscoring the need for anomaly detection systems that are able to catch even the most motivated attackers. Traditional anomaly detection techniques typically do `one-off' training on datasets crafted by experts or generated by fuzzers, potentially limiting their ability to generalize to unseen and more subtle attack strategies. Stopping at this point misses a key opportunity: a defender can actively challenge the attacker to find more nuanced attacks, which in turn can lead to more effective detection capabilities. Building on this concept, we propose Evo-Defender, an evolutionary framework that iteratively strengthens CPS …

Minimizing Travel Burden Of Gynecologic Cancer Surveillance Through A Unique Multidisciplinary Telehealth Program, Avni Shridhar, Suzanne Viator, Tara Castellano, Holly Provost, Navya Nair, Elizabeth Neupert, Amma Agyemang, Amelia Jernigan

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVE: STEEL MAGNOLIAS (shared telehealth for multidisciplinary gynecologic cancer survivorship) is a novel gynecologic cancer surveillance care-delivery program in which rural patients see a close-by gynecologist in person with simultaneous virtual gynecologic oncology consultation. This study assesses feasibility of STEEL MAGNOLIAS by examining travel burden reduction, cancer outcomes, visit activities, guideline adherence, and patient satisfaction. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed charts of patients with gynecologic cancer in remission under the STEEL MAGNOLIAS program in rural south Louisiana (March 2020-September 2023). Travel metrics, patient satisfaction, cancer outcomes, survival status, reasons for visit, and adherence to follow-up as per National Comprehensive Cancer Network …

Eeg And Media Multitasking: Adhd As A Moderating Factor, Xiaoying Guo

Theses and Dissertations

Media use has become an integral part of everyday life. It has risen dramatically over the past century with the advent of television, computers, and digital platforms, and more recently, it has been characterized by individuals using multiple devices simultaneously (Bushman & Anderson, 2001; Nielsen Media Research, 1998; Rideout & Robb, 2019, 2021). Media multitasking (MMT) has been linked to cognitive control challenges and attentional difficulties. This study examined EEG workload (Fz theta/Pz alpha ratio), survey accuracy, and ADHD traits (ASRS v1.1) in 33 adult participants across baseline and single-versus dual-media conditions. Results indicated that mental workload was significantly higher …

The Efficacy Of Emdr Therapy Compared To Tf-Cbt In Adopted Children To Manage Post-Traumatic Stress: An Integrative Review, Grace Ann Steiner

Senior Honors Theses

This integrative review examines the efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy compared to trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) in managing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adopted children. Children adopted from foster care tend to experience more adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and maladjustment issues when compared to the general population, which necessitates effective therapeutic interventions to reduce PTSD symptoms and emotional dysregulation. Through analysis and comparison of the data, it was determined that both EMDR and TF-CBT effectively alleviated trauma-related symptoms, although one technique is not necessarily always more effective or efficient than the other. Along with reviewing …

Characterization Of Mannosidases (Man) In Tetrahymena Thermophila Using Bioinformatics Tools, Cynthia Wen

Publications and Research

Mannosidases are a type of glycoside hydrolase (glycosidase) that facilitate the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds in mannose-containing polysaccharides and glycans, including those found in glycoproteins. Their main role is to cleave specific linkages involving D-mannose residues, effectively trimming or degrading mannose-rich oligosaccharides. These enzymes are crucial in N-glycosylation pathways, which are essential for proper protein folding, glycoprotein maturation, and the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in eukaryotic cells.

There are two main types of mannosidases: alpha-mannosidases and beta-mannosidases. In humans, several of these enzymes exist, including those found in the endoplasmic reticulum (alpha-mannosidase I), those in the Golgi apparatus (alpha-mannosidase II), …

Integrating Ai And Generative Ai Across The Curriculum: A Look At Three Subject Areas, Angie Su, Victoria Brenes, Stephanie L. Nelson

FDLA Journal

This paper explores how artificial intelligence (AI) and generative AI (GenAI) models, such as ChatGPT and other GenAI tools, can effectively integrate into mathematics, computer science, and English classrooms. Students must understand foundational AI concepts and how these technologies function to facilitate meaningful engagement with AI and GenAI. This paper provides practical strategies for math educators to introduce AI algorithms that connect with students' existing knowledge and real-life experiences. Furthermore, it examines how GenAI can enhance learning, supporting students at each stage of coding, reading, and writing. The ethical considerations of GenAI usage, including potential overuse by students, are discussed. …

The Power A Generation Holds: A Study On Students Generating Change In American Social Movements, Caroline E. Koziol

Dartmouth College Master’s Theses

Social activism ebbs and flows throughout American history. In the contemporary period, high visual coverage of activism has contributed to frustrations over the apparent decrease in change despite perceptions of increased participation. Young activists in the classroom ask questions to learn from their predecessors. This paper focuses on answering, “How can students create sustained change through social activism?” The present work recenters activism in the role of students and higher education institutions, noting their potential for creating change through a formula for future activists to engage with. The proposed formula targets methods and theories to bolster success towards the cause …

The Question Not Presented: Government And Social Media Corruption After Murthy V. Missouri, Richard Painter

Penn State Law Review (2003 - Present)

No abstract provided.

Why Capping The House At 435 Is Unconstitutional, Anoo Dinesh Vyas

Penn State Law Review (2003 - Present)

No abstract provided.

In Support Of Free Speech On Food Production, Nicole Ligon

Penn State Law Review (2003 - Present)

No abstract provided.

Hydroxocobalamin For Vasoplegia In Cardiac Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis, Luai Zakaria, Karan Shah, Dongsheng Yang, Marta Kelava, Haytham Elgharably, Ashish K Khanna, Sanchit Ahuja, Benjamin Hohlfelder, Andrej Alfirevic, Andra E Duncan, Nikolaos J Skubas, Daniel I Sessler

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Vasoplegia during cardiac surgery is common and associated with perioperative mortality. Hydroxocobalamin is a catecholamine-sparing approach for treating vasoplegia. However, there is currently limited evidence to inform its use.

Methods: We conducted a single-centre retrospective propensity-matched cohort study of patients who developed vasoplegia after cardiopulmonary bypass. Our primary outcome was vasopressor requirement, expressed as norepinephrine equivalents (NEE), at 1, 4, 24, and 48 h after treatment. Our secondary outcome was a collapsed composite of in-hospital complications comprising stroke, sternal wound infection, mesenteric ischaemia, renal failure, and death.

Results: We identified 2727 (11%) patients with vasoplegia from 2018 to 2024. …

Two Moles, Two Worlds: Network Analysis Of Infernal Affairs And The Departed, Melissa Vu

IPHS 200: Programming Humanity

This project aims to explore how adaptation reshapes the social architecture of a movie. To do this, I used social network analysis to compare the character dynamics between Infernal Affairs(Hong Kong, 2002) and its U.S. adaptation The Departed(2006) in two ways: co-presence networks (characters connected when they appear in the same scene, with edge weights capturing repeated co-appearance) and directed dialogue network (arrows representing who speaks to whom, with thicker arrows indicating more frequent dialogue). Comparing the network structures across the two films reveals meaningful differences in group structure, connecting roles, and the concentration of dialogue around key characters, which …

Bone Marrow Endosteum In Homeostasis And Metastasis, Yuta Nakai, Wanida Ono, Noriaki Ono

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The endosteum is a thin layer of connective tissue lining the inner surfaces of bones adjoining the medullary cavity. The endosteum houses a variety of cells crucial for bone growth, repair and remodelling, including bone-forming osteoblasts, bone-resorbing osteoclasts and their precursor cells. Historically, the endosteum has been extensively studied as a key site for haematopoiesis by which blood cells are incessantly produced. However, recent studies have defined the endosteum as a niche for skeletal stem cells, underscoring the importance of the harmony between the inner endosteum and the outer periosteum in maintaining bone homeostasis. The endosteum also plays a significant …

Sexual Health Education For Behavior Change: Revisiting How Much Is Enough, Ross Shegog, Elizabeth R Baumler, Robert C Addy, Christine M Markham, Melissa F Peskin, Susan Tortolero Emery, Melanie A Thiel, Shehla Sadruddin, Dennis Reidy, Jeff R Temple

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Purpose: Successful implementation of school sexual health curricula relies on students receiving sufficient exposure to lesson content. This large replication study assesses the longitudinal association between exposure to sexual health lesson frequency and content domains and delayed sexual initiation of middle school students.

Methods: Post hoc data analysis was conducted using a large harmonized dataset from 3 randomized controlled trials evaluating It's Your Game curricula in the South Central United States. The sample comprised 1,022 sexually inexperienced middle school students (grades 7 and 8) who completed grade 9 follow-up after using either a 24-lesson hybrid (classroom and computer-based) (It's Your …

The Fear Factor: Exploring The Experiences Of Fear Of Secondary School Teachers, Kelly J. Raines

Doctor of Education (Ed.D)

Fear can be a powerful catalyst for cognitive potential, or a potent agent of havoc. This descriptive (transcendental) phenomenological study aimed to understand the phenomenon of fear experienced by teachers in public and private secondary schools in Central Florida. Semi-structured interviews collected data from the purposive sample, and the data were thoroughly analyzed using Colaizzi's (1978) model. The emergent essence of the lived experience of teachers identified the phenomenon of fear as the inducement of a debilitating sense of powerlessness that diminishes self-confidence and self-efficacy, resulting in emotional, cognitive, and/or physical impairments that directly affect the metacognitive potential of teachers. …

Ethical Sourcing In The Context Of Health Data Supply Chain Management: A Value Sensitive Design Approach, Camille Nebeker Edd, Ms, Ellen Wright Clayton, Et Al.

Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications

Abstract

Objective

The Bridge2AI program is establishing rules of practice for creating ethically sourced health data repositories to support the effective use of ML/AI in biomedical and behavioral research. Given the initially undefined nature of ethically sourced data, this work concurrently developed definitions and guidelines alongside repository creation, grounded in a practical, operational framework.

Materials and Methods

A Value Sensitive Design (VSD) approach was used to explore ethical tensions across stages of health data repository development. The conceptual investigation drew from supply chain management (SCM) processes to (1) identify actors who would interact with or be affected by the data …

Mentoring Programs For Youth In Hagerstown, Maryland: Addressing The Opioid Epidemic, Stephane Reed

Selected Social Change Portfolios in Prevention, Intervention, and Consultation

Goal Statement: The goal of this social change portfolio is to help develop and promote mentoring programs for youth in Hagerstown, Maryland as preventive strategy to reduce the impact of the opioid epidemic. This initiative seeks to strengthen resilience, enhance academic performance and foster healthy decision-making among adolescents through consistent, supportive adult-youth relationships. The proposed mentoring framework to integrate culturally responsive, trauma-informed and community-based approaches address the systemic and interpersonal factors contributing to misuse in Washington County. Significant Findings: In Washington County, where Hagerstown is located, it continues to experience one of the highest opioids overdoes within Maryland which is …

Addressing Mental Health And Homelessness In The Lower Valley, Viere Arellano-Almazan

Selected Social Change Portfolios in Prevention, Intervention, and Consultation

Goal Statement: To reduce homelessness in the Lower Yakima Valley by implementing early intervention and culturally responsive mental health prevention strategies that enhance access to care, reduce stigma, and strengthen community resilience. Significant Findings: The Lower Yakima Valley faces significant challenges in addressing the intersection of mental health and homelessness due to limited access to culturally and linguistically appropriate care. Research indicates that rural residents particularly Hispanic immigrant and farmworker populations experience elevated levels of psychological distress, stigma, and barriers to accessing services (Armstrong et al., 2022). Applying the Social-Ecological Model has illuminated how multiple interconnected factors influence vulnerability, including …

Veteran Suicide Prevention In Central Florida, Michael Terkos

Selected Social Change Portfolios in Prevention, Intervention, and Consultation

Goal Statement: The goal of this project is to reduce suicide rates among veterans in Central Florida by strengthening protective factors, increasing access to culturally competent, trauma- informed care, and fostering community-based resilience networks that connect veterans, families, and local agencies. Significant Findings: Veteran suicide remains a critical public health concern in Florida, which continues to rank among the states with the highest veteran suicide rates (Florida Department of Health, 2025). Research indicates that approximately 17 veterans die by suicide each day nationwide (U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs [VA], 2022). Key risk factors include post- traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, …

Tutoring Online During The Covid-19 Pandemic: Use Of Critical Incidents To Improve Practice, A.E. Dreyfuss, Jose Armando Sanchez Diaz, Barakat Adigun, Helen Baraki, Thalyia Thompson

Publications and Research

Developing expertise in the practice of online tutoring is presented by peer tutors who provided support to students with synchronous sessions with the onset of COVID-19. The experiences and learning of peer tutors were probed through the use of critical incidents (Flanagan, 1954), and how weekly training meetings provided support to them, creating a collaboration among the tutors and the training manager.

A Review Of The 2024/25 International Moots Season, Siyuan Chen

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

This is the 11th annual review of Singapore’s performance in international moot court competitions. In a nutshell, 2024/25 has been a tremendous, record-breaking season for Singapore – and a particular duck has finally been broken. In the highest-tier or Grand Slam competitions, Singapore Management University emerged world champions in the Jessup, Vis East, International Criminal Court, and Frankfurt competitions; the previous world record for most Grand Slam wins in a season was 2 (held by various universities), and this new record may well increase to 5, depending on whether SMU can successfully defend its world championship at the Lachs Space …