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Co-Creating Playful Learning Designs For Interprofessional Higher Education: Dialogic Perspectives On Design-Based Research, Kim Holflod Jun 2022

Co-Creating Playful Learning Designs For Interprofessional Higher Education: Dialogic Perspectives On Design-Based Research, Kim Holflod

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper examines the co-creation of playful learning designs across educational and professional boundaries in teacher education and social education through dialogic theories. It focuses on the understandings and voices of playful learning and how dialogic co-creation is influenced by the presence of multiple voices and perspectives. The study is guided by Design-Based Research in developing, testing, evaluating, and iterating a playful learning design in higher education. The results expand on playful learning across boundaries as a polyphonic and heterogeneous phenomenon with diverse and dynamic voices interplaying with each other. It is conceptualised as both experimental, affective, and relational learning …

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Bio-Based Plastics In Durable Applications: The Future Of Sustainable Product Design? A Design Review, Puck Bos, Conny Bakker, Ruud Balkenende, Benjamin Sprecher Jun 2022

Bio-Based Plastics In Durable Applications: The Future Of Sustainable Product Design? A Design Review, Puck Bos, Conny Bakker, Ruud Balkenende, Benjamin Sprecher

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This design review evaluates the use of bio-based plastics in durable consumer products. The main question is: how does the use of bio-based plastics influence the product’s design, functionality, marketing & communication, and sustainability? Although higher material prices would lead one to expect that higher value applications would be targeted, research shows bio-based plastics are mainly used in short-lived applications like packaging. This study investigates their use in durable consumer products through a design review. The results indicate that bio-based plastic usage is still in its early days in durable products. Bio-based plastics appear to be utilized as straightforward replacement …

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Design For Public Policy: Embracing Uncertainty And Hybridity In Mapping Future Research, Lucy Kimbell, Liz Richardson, Ramia Mazé, Catherine Durose Jun 2022

Design For Public Policy: Embracing Uncertainty And Hybridity In Mapping Future Research, Lucy Kimbell, Liz Richardson, Ramia Mazé, Catherine Durose

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Addressing contemporary public policy challenges requires new thinking and new practice. Therefore, there is a renewed sense of urgency to critically assess the potential of the emerging field of ‘design for policy’. On the one hand, design approaches are seen as bringing new capacities for problem-solving to public policy development. On the other, the attendant risks posed to effective and democratic policy making are unclear, partly because of a limited evidence base. The paper synthesises recent contributions in design research, policy studies, political science and democratic theory which have examined the uses of design for public policy making. Mapping out …

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Participatory Design Towards Digital Democracy, Santiago Augusto Silva, Joon Sang Baek Jun 2022

Participatory Design Towards Digital Democracy, Santiago Augusto Silva, Joon Sang Baek

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The potential contributions of participatory design towards current problems of digital democracy platforms are investigated in this research. Literature review, thematic analysis, and inter-rater reliability test were used to determine the major issues in digital democracy platforms and what approaches and tools from participatory design study and practice can be used to address them, considering that democratic dynamics face similar difficulties in both participatory design, and digital democracy. As a result, a participatory design guide for digital democracy is developed, which included seven proposed strategies for dealing with five common issues of public participation platforms. This work contributes to the …

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‘Making The Dust Fly’: (A Case Study Of) Design Research Promoting Health And Sustainability In Addressing Household Infections, Emmanuel Tsekleves, Collins Ahorlu, Andy Darby, Roger Pickup, Dziedzom De Souza, Daniel Boakye Jun 2022

‘Making The Dust Fly’: (A Case Study Of) Design Research Promoting Health And Sustainability In Addressing Household Infections, Emmanuel Tsekleves, Collins Ahorlu, Andy Darby, Roger Pickup, Dziedzom De Souza, Daniel Boakye

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Global health crisis, such as antimicrobial resistance, threaten planetary health, as they have a direct impact on the environment, as well as to humans and animals. Personal and environmental hygiene form the best and most natural ways of reducing home infections and hence the need to take antibiotics. Despite this our understanding of cleaning in the home and interventions on home cleaning are limited. In this paper we present a project, which combined design research with environmental microbiology, to address this issue and to co-design sustainable cleaning interventions for human and planetary health. We focus on the design of a …

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Where Do We Go From Here? Rethinking The Design Studio After The Covid-19 Pandemic, Saskia Van Kampen, Anne Galperin, Karin Jager, Lesley-Ann Noel, Johnathon Strube Jun 2022

Where Do We Go From Here? Rethinking The Design Studio After The Covid-19 Pandemic, Saskia Van Kampen, Anne Galperin, Karin Jager, Lesley-Ann Noel, Johnathon Strube

DRS Biennial Conference Series

In this paper, five design educators apply an investigative framework to discuss the who, what, when, where, why, and how of the Design Studio and the future of design education at North American universities. The educators are dispersed geographically across Canada and the United States and teach in public higher education. They have a working and reflection group that has met weekly or bi-weekly for 18 months to discuss and write about their practice as design educators. This paper is a distillation of the group’s experiences, their reflections regarding the future of the design studio, and their intentions for practice …

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It’S Complicated: Dewey, Schön And Reflection-In-Action, Laureline Chiapello, Rabah Bousbaci Jun 2022

It’S Complicated: Dewey, Schön And Reflection-In-Action, Laureline Chiapello, Rabah Bousbaci

DRS Biennial Conference Series

While Schön’s work is prominent in design literature, some of its concepts stay unclear. In this paper we examine the distinctions Schön made in 1992 between “reflection-in-action” and “reflection on reflection-in-action” (or “conversation with the situation” and “reflective conversation with the situation”). To clarify the meaning of these two terms, we will refer to pragmatist philosophy, using Dewey’s work on inquiry and epistemology. Our results show that there is indeed a difference between the two expressions. Moreover, revisiting Dewey’s and Schön’s work allows for a new visual representation of the reflection-in-action process, which can then be used as a tool …

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North-South Design Education: Integrating Māori Knowledge In Design Using The Blend Approach, Luke Feast, Kei Hoshi Jun 2022

North-South Design Education: Integrating Māori Knowledge In Design Using The Blend Approach, Luke Feast, Kei Hoshi

DRS Biennial Conference Series

We investigated how to align design education that integrates mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge) with the knowledge development aim of modern university education. Our main idea was to use culture-based knowledge as a source of creativity rather than socialization. We share insights from two critical cases where we tested whether the blend approach is a useful design method for integrating Māori knowledge in design education. The insights show that conceptual blending is an effective method for students to understand culture-based knowledge through creative design activity.

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Designing For Dynamic Stability In An Uncertain World: A Media Content Study Of The Aviation Industry, Euiyoung Kim, Sara Beckman, Ki-Hun Kim, Sicco Santema Jun 2022

Designing For Dynamic Stability In An Uncertain World: A Media Content Study Of The Aviation Industry, Euiyoung Kim, Sara Beckman, Ki-Hun Kim, Sicco Santema

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The Covid-19 pandemic has caused radical restructuring of many industries including the aviation industry. Seeking a deeper understanding of how organizations are responding to this disruption, we use media content analysis of 331 news articles to extract approaches used in the aviation industry in response to Covid-19 and clustered them in six categories: research, reframe, repurpose, reimagine, redesign and resile (be resilient). We suggest that, taken collectively, these six approaches may provide a framework that companies might leverage to achieve dynamic stability – the ability of a system to return to steady state after a significant disturbance – as the …

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Design Types In Diversified City Administration, Sampsa Hyysalo, Kaisa Savolainen, Antti Pirinen, Tuuli Mattelmäki, Päivi Hietanen, Meri Virta Jun 2022

Design Types In Diversified City Administration, Sampsa Hyysalo, Kaisa Savolainen, Antti Pirinen, Tuuli Mattelmäki, Päivi Hietanen, Meri Virta

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Design is increasingly used to develop public services, and considerations have arisen regarding how to gain best value from it. Design ladders and design ma-turity models are commonly referenced also in the public sector, but we argue that their adequate use must rest on an informed view of the diversity of design activities in the public sector organizations. The world’s major cities are large and highly diversified organizations. Our case study of one of them, the city of Helsinki, reveals 23 distinct types of design activities, distinct in terms of the process, outcomes, and agency that design has. These activities …

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Crafting In The Backstage: Materiality And The Changing Work Of Designers, Natalja Laurey, Marleen Huysman, Maura Soekijad Jun 2022

Crafting In The Backstage: Materiality And The Changing Work Of Designers, Natalja Laurey, Marleen Huysman, Maura Soekijad

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Drawing on Goffman’s metaphor of frontstage and backstage, this article analyses the role of materiality in day-to-day work practices of craftspersons. The study is based on an ethnographic study of 17 months at a design firm which was amid a shift from product to service design. This means that instead of tangible products, the designers at the firm created intangible services. This shift in work practices reduced crafting to making visualizations for reports and presentations. As a response, the designers sought ways to spend more time on manually crafting in their work. In the backstage, when among trusted peers and …

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Ethics Through Design, Maria Alejandra Luján Escalante, Luke Moffat, Monika Büscher Jun 2022

Ethics Through Design, Maria Alejandra Luján Escalante, Luke Moffat, Monika Büscher

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Ethics through Design (EtD) uses co-design methods to create, facilitate and nurture anticipatory capabilities for research and innovation, responsive to both society and environment. In practice, EtD problematizes both Ethics and Design. This paper draws upon ethics of technology, specifically the work of Gilbert Simondon, to formulate principles of co-design facilitation. EtD understands ethics, beyond regulation and administrative ticking-box exercises, as contextual, creative and participatory ongoing processes. EtD has been developed within Disaster and Risk Management (DRM) and Emergency Response domains, over 7 years of working in partnership with emergency response practitioners, policymakers, academics across disciplines, standardization organizations and key …

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Deep Products Via Undisciplined Stewardship: Towards An Environmentally-Led Design Pedagogy For The 21st Century, Fernando Galdon, Ashley Hall Jun 2022

Deep Products Via Undisciplined Stewardship: Towards An Environmentally-Led Design Pedagogy For The 21st Century, Fernando Galdon, Ashley Hall

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Designers are envisioning new typologies of products aiming for instance to ex-tract CO2 from the environment or creating products from landfill waste, in this context a fundamental question arises; what could be a philosophical framework for a subtractive practise in design? In this paper the notion of Deep Products is introduced by building from notions of Deep ecology, Deep Design, and steward-ship. This theoretical proposition addresses the design of products from a life-cycle perspective through contemporary notions of subtraction-by-design. The model presented transitions design to a model demanding extended projects considering every aspect of the life-cycle of products, from inception …

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From Wine Tasting To Materials Sensorial Perception: A Framework For Materials Experience, Niki Boukouvala, Spyros Bofylatos Jun 2022

From Wine Tasting To Materials Sensorial Perception: A Framework For Materials Experience, Niki Boukouvala, Spyros Bofylatos

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper puts forward a novel approach to study material experience leaning on the wine tasting protocols. The framework proposed in this paper aims to help new (biofabricated and non-biofabricated) "growing" and "living" materials make a good name out of themselves by deploying all their unique sensorial qualities in a more poetic manner. We believe that adopting wine tasting philosophy and techniques in the field of (aesthetic) materials experience and the synthesis of a materials experience lexicon will enable the commercialization process of new materials. We identify three layers of the material experience and point to how adapting the wine …

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Are Short Product Lifetimes Ineluctable? An Exploration Of Consumers’ Perceptions Of Lifetime Extension Strategies, Lise Magnier, Ruth Mugge Jun 2022

Are Short Product Lifetimes Ineluctable? An Exploration Of Consumers’ Perceptions Of Lifetime Extension Strategies, Lise Magnier, Ruth Mugge

DRS Biennial Conference Series

There is consensus that product lifetimes are generally decreasing. To create a sustainable society, the circular economy promotes slowing down the use of resources by lengthening product lifetimes. This is especially important for electronic products that are energy-intensive in their production phase and create vast amounts of waste after use. While design strategies have been proposed to lengthen product lifetimes, it is unclear whether consumers deem them effective. This paper proposes an overview of lifetime extension strategies for electronic products and reports the results of a quantitative study with 617 participants who were asked to evaluate the extent to which …

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Investigating The Design Opportunities For Mood Self-Tracking And Regulating, Renate Overdijk, Deniz Iren, Armağan Karahanoğlu Jun 2022

Investigating The Design Opportunities For Mood Self-Tracking And Regulating, Renate Overdijk, Deniz Iren, Armağan Karahanoğlu

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Many studies have demonstrated the positive impact of self-tracking technology on people’s health and wellbeing. Research on the effects of the tools for tracking moods to create awareness of people’s affective health is also gaining attention. In addition, studies show that people are open to using tools that contribute to sharing their moods and reflecting on them. In this paper, we aim to contribute to this emerging field. We carried out a three-phase study (i.e., exploratory survey, co-creation, and testing) with a total of 46 participants to explore preferred ways of mood tracking and the ways design can support these …

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A Co-Design Method For Museums To Engage Migrant Communities With Cultural Heritage, Vanessa Cesário, Valentina Nisi Jun 2022

A Co-Design Method For Museums To Engage Migrant Communities With Cultural Heritage, Vanessa Cesário, Valentina Nisi

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This chapter presents an experimental method designed to engage migrant participants with local cultural heritage. The initiative was part of an exploratory field study conducted in the context of the European-funded project MEMEX, a research effort promoting the social wellbeing of communities at risk of exclusion through the narration and collection of memories and stories related to cultural heritage. To engage members of such communities with the topic of cultural heritage, we deployed a two-stage intervention: a five-day photo-challenge, where participants were asked to photograph sites that they felt connected to, and a four-hour co-design workshop in which they explored …

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Disciplinarity And The Modes Of Legal Design, Michael Doherty Jun 2022

Disciplinarity And The Modes Of Legal Design, Michael Doherty

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper examines the emerging field of Legal Design through a critical reflection on the literature on academic disciplines and disciplinarity and argues that Legal Design does meet the criteria for recognition as an emerging academic sub-discipline. Its central contention is that Legal Design academics (together with their collaborative partners) have a timely opportunity to intentionally design the modalities of their nascent discipline. Academic disciplines can be understood in various ways. Whether this is, for example, from a sociological or an anthropological perspective, Legal Design has the chance to examine the human experience of disciplinarity and to consciously build an …

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The Power In Maps: Reviewing A ‘Youth Violence’ Systems Map As Discursive Intervention, Jocelyn Bailey, Lorraine Gamman Jun 2022

The Power In Maps: Reviewing A ‘Youth Violence’ Systems Map As Discursive Intervention, Jocelyn Bailey, Lorraine Gamman

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper offers a reflection on a systems mapping experiment undertaken as part of the Redesign Youth Futures project, which aimed to visualise the complex system producing youth violence in London. The paper brings together key ideas in the practice of systems thinking and mapping, with contributions from the literature on design and power, to theorise the map as an intervention in a discourse – in this case, the popular and policy discourse around youth violence. In doing so, it offers an account of how power is operant in and through such an artefact: in the embodiment of (and resistance …

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A Meta-Design Research Project To Enhance The User Experience Of University's Digital Services Ecosystem, Federica Colombo, Alice Paracolli, Venanzio Arquilla Jun 2022

A Meta-Design Research Project To Enhance The User Experience Of University's Digital Services Ecosystem, Federica Colombo, Alice Paracolli, Venanzio Arquilla

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Digitalisation is essential in contemporary institutions. Politecnico di Milano started to re-think its digital services to design an application that could help students manage every aspect of their daily university life, starting from their own goals and unmet needs, while considering the complexity of the university system. The Meta-design approach was adopted to redefine a public university's digital services, assuring the users' centrality in the research and design process. Meta-design is a circular and reflective method that enables the designer to continuously provide innovative solutions, updating the product to the ever-changing user needs. This methodology is the basis of User …

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Making Posters To Understand Statistics: Towards A Didactical Approach In Communication Design, Michele Mauri, Simone Vantini, Beatrice Gobbo, Tommaso Elli, Elena Aversa, Andrea Benedetti, María De Los Ángeles Briones Rojas, Gabriele Colombo Jun 2022

Making Posters To Understand Statistics: Towards A Didactical Approach In Communication Design, Michele Mauri, Simone Vantini, Beatrice Gobbo, Tommaso Elli, Elena Aversa, Andrea Benedetti, María De Los Ángeles Briones Rojas, Gabriele Colombo

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The paper describes a didactical approach to introducing statistics to communication design students at the master level. The approach helps them develop a critical attitude toward data manipulation and information visualization, acknowledging a lack of education in such areas despite their growing relevance in the communication design field. In previous experiences, we observed how theoretical lessons in statistics were inefficient because they were perceived as distant from the communication design practice. We, therefore, adopted a “thinking-through-doing” approach: instead of asking students to study statistical methods, we asked them to design a poster explaining them. In the paper, we present the …

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Design Meets Death: A First Systematic Mapping Review Of Design Contributions To End Of Life Field, Andrew Tibbles, Farnaz Nickpour Jun 2022

Design Meets Death: A First Systematic Mapping Review Of Design Contributions To End Of Life Field, Andrew Tibbles, Farnaz Nickpour

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper, for the first time, maps and interrogates the contributions towards the emerging field of design and death, through a systematic mapping review. Key databases and grey literature publications are searched and 183 design contributions are analysed, categorising results according to death spectrum; type of contribution; interventional complexity; design approach; and stakeholder involvement. Findings show an increasing trend of design contributions towards death between 2000-2021. The field is being progressed by a triad of Healthcare, Computer Science and Design disciplines, often siloed in their efforts. Design approaches and methods including Human Centred Design and Co-design are popular, particularly within …

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Identifying Problem Frames In Design Conversation, Senthil Chandrasegaran, Peter Lloyd, Almila Akdag Salah Jun 2022

Identifying Problem Frames In Design Conversation, Senthil Chandrasegaran, Peter Lloyd, Almila Akdag Salah

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Design thinking concepts such as framing, storytelling, and co-evolution, have been widely identified as part of design activity though generally have been evidenced from manual coding of design conversations and close reading of transcripts. The increase in easy-to-use computational linguistic methodologies provides an opportunity not only to validate these concepts, but compare them to other kinds of activity in large datasets. However, the process of systematically identifying such concepts in design conversation is not straightforward. In this paper we explore methods of linguistic analysis for revealing problem frames within design process transcripts. We find that frames can be identified through …

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An Analysis Of Master's In Industrial Design Theses At Us Land-Grant Universities: A Systematic Literature Review, Byungsoo Kim, Hernan Gregorio Jun 2022

An Analysis Of Master's In Industrial Design Theses At Us Land-Grant Universities: A Systematic Literature Review, Byungsoo Kim, Hernan Gregorio

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This study systematically reviewed recent (2016-2021) Industrial Design (ID) master theses and final projects at U.S. land grant universities to understand the trend of ID graduate program outcomes from the selected universities. The process consisted of 1) framing questions for a review, 2) identifying relevant works, 3) assessing the quality of studies, 4) summarizing the evidence, and 5) interpreting the findings. This paper presents the findings of the study, including thesis/final project research types, the diversity of committees, fields of design influences that the thesis/final project contribute to, types of outcomes, and the utilized research methodologies. Furthermore, the author discusses …

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Constructing A Critical Anthropology Of Contemporary Design Practices, Jocelyn Bailey Jun 2022

Constructing A Critical Anthropology Of Contemporary Design Practices, Jocelyn Bailey

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper articulates a critical approach to researching design as a contemporary phenomenon that was developed through my doctoral research. The approach - critical anthropology of design - is a combination of anthropology of design, critical strategies borrowed from other fields, and a ‘Foucauldian’ theoretical toolkit, which together allow us to see design as a complex disciplinary apparatus. I advocate for such an approach – a switching of the disciplinary lens when studying design, and a more sceptical engagement between social disciplines and design – as essential for both robust critique and original insight. Such an approach is productive and …

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Exploring Contexts For Data Materialisation In Post-Pandemic Research Activities With Rural Communities, Marion Lean, Cate Hopkins Jun 2022

Exploring Contexts For Data Materialisation In Post-Pandemic Research Activities With Rural Communities, Marion Lean, Cate Hopkins

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Insights into the ideas and experiences of people and communities affected by policy implementation enable policymakers to design systems and interventions. This is particularly pertinent in areas such as rural connectivity, where policy is often implemented by civil servants living in urban areas with limited experiences or understanding of the unique challenges presented by the rural terrain to digital infrastructure. Drawing on proposals for the value of design in policy settings by Whicher (2020) this paper illustrates practical examples of the use of design in particular in the areas of “changing the nature of evidence” and “more meaningful public consultation” …

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Supporting Research On Gender And Design Amongst Steam Researchers In The Souths: A Case Study Of Subsumption In Design Methods, Chiara Del Gaudio, Bjarki Hallgrimsson, Dominique Marshall Jun 2022

Supporting Research On Gender And Design Amongst Steam Researchers In The Souths: A Case Study Of Subsumption In Design Methods, Chiara Del Gaudio, Bjarki Hallgrimsson, Dominique Marshall

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper tells the story of a research program that subsumed the approaches of design, arts and social sciences to enhance gender aware and inclusive research amongst twenty academic teams of Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics located in the Souths. These are the findings of our empirical exploration to support the emergence of a transdisciplinary area of research and practice which we defined as Gendered Design. The key factors that proved crucial to overcome disciplinary boundaries and catalyse processes of empowerment are: theoretical and methodological openness, design-driven strategy and experimentation, as well as a holistic and affective approach to …

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Usability Testing With Children: History Of Best Practices, Comparison Of Methods & Gaps In Literature, Andria Banker, Carlye Lauff Jun 2022

Usability Testing With Children: History Of Best Practices, Comparison Of Methods & Gaps In Literature, Andria Banker, Carlye Lauff

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper is a systematized literature review centered on the best practices of usability testing with children, when they are the target end user in product development. The paper begins with a brief history of usability testing with children during the prototyping stage of product development. Following, the methodology guiding this literature review is described. Then, guidelines for usability testing with children provided by past research are outlined in chronological order, documented to show the evolution of changes or improvements in the practices over time. Additionally, most of the approaches to usability (as part of evaluative research) have been identified …

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Resistance, Social Reproduction And Emerging Commitments For Collaborative Design From The Margins, Nathaly Pinto, Brenda Vertiz, Andrea Botero Jun 2022

Resistance, Social Reproduction And Emerging Commitments For Collaborative Design From The Margins, Nathaly Pinto, Brenda Vertiz, Andrea Botero

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The paper introduces two design research cases tracing how the concepts and experiences of resistance and social reproduction can help design research become a more assertive part of the coding that interprets, exposes and disputes social reality, particularly in Latin America. Through reflections on (1) a design intervention contributing to an Indigenous popular education initiative in the Ecuadorian Amazon and (2) a series of ongoing public space design interventions taking place in colonias populares of Mexico City, we propose four interrelated commitments (visibility, sustainment, tensions and collectivity) to orient ourselves in understanding what it actually takes to build knowledge and …

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Connecting Creative Product Design Processes To Creative Product Design Outcomes: A Scoping Review, Peiying Jian, Jin Gu, Alison Olechowski Jun 2022

Connecting Creative Product Design Processes To Creative Product Design Outcomes: A Scoping Review, Peiying Jian, Jin Gu, Alison Olechowski

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Generating repeatable guidelines for designing creative products has long been an aim of the design research community. Even so, a widely trusted or agreed-upon process has not yet emerged. As a first step toward this goal, it is important to take stock of the reported connections between creative design processes and creative design outcomes. Thus, we conducted a scoping review focusing on creative prod-uct design. Our search identified 130 papers published from 1969 to 2021. The most frequent study type was a proposal paper (n = 53). Twenty-seven of the included papers used experimental methods. When connecting the creative design …

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