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Westernization Or Localization? The (Mis)Reading Of “The Tragic” In Modern Chinese Literary Discourse, Tian Gu Oct 2023

Westernization Or Localization? The (Mis)Reading Of “The Tragic” In Modern Chinese Literary Discourse, Tian Gu

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

This paper examines the features and causal factors in constructing an idea of the tragic in modern Chinese literary discourse. It attempts at revisiting and reproducing the realities of misreading and variation upon modern Chinese introduction of the term “tragedy” (beiju) at different socio-historical periods, and has observed the interplay between two trends, namely, Westernization and localization, through the negotiation of “the tragic” into modern Chinese literary practice. These two trends have been integrated by a political and pragmatic perspective, which dominates the formation of a modern Chinese literary discourse on “the tragic”. This perspective offers both possibility …


Children’S Gothic In The Chinese Context: The Untranslatability And Cross-Cultural Readability Of A Literary Genre, Chengcheng You Oct 2023

Children’S Gothic In The Chinese Context: The Untranslatability And Cross-Cultural Readability Of A Literary Genre, Chengcheng You

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

As an emerging literary subgenre in the twenty-first century, Children’s Gothic challenges and blends the norms of both children’s literature and Gothic literature, featuring child characters’ self-empowerment in the face of fears and dark impulses. The foreignness and strangeness that pertain to the genre haunt the border of its translatability. Daniel Handler’s A Series of Unfortunate Events (1999­–2006), written under the pseudonym Lemony Snicket, poses a chain of translational challenges due to its linguistic creativity, paratextual art, and mixed style of horror and dark humor intended for a child readership. To investigate the interplay between Children’s Gothic and its (un)translatability …


Translating Literary Ideology From Ancient Chinese Into Modern French: François Cheng’S Francophone Poetry In Double Chant (2000), Gabriel F. Y. Tsang Oct 2023

Translating Literary Ideology From Ancient Chinese Into Modern French: François Cheng’S Francophone Poetry In Double Chant (2000), Gabriel F. Y. Tsang

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

François Cheng (1929- ), elected to the Académie Française in 2002, structurally introduced the lexicological, syntactic, and semiotic form of Tang poetry to the French academia via his academic works. In the late 1980s, François Cheng shifted his focus from academic writing to creative writing, both in French, winning the 1998 Prix Femina for his novel Le Dit de Tianyi (1998) and Prix Roger Caillois for his collection of poems Double chant (2000). Focusing on his less-discussed poetry, which reveals higher congruity of his understanding of Chinese literary classics with creative representation, this paper argues that, as an analyst of …


Storytelling As A Way Of Translation: The Rendition Of Taoism In Ursula K. Le Guin's The Lathe Of Heaven, Xiulu Wang Oct 2023

Storytelling As A Way Of Translation: The Rendition Of Taoism In Ursula K. Le Guin's The Lathe Of Heaven, Xiulu Wang

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

Ursula K. Le Guin (1929-2018) is an immensely popular author of numerous science fictions and fantasy classics. A number of critics have noticed the influence of Taoism on Le Guin’s writing.critical insights offered by Translation Studies and Walter Benjamin’s comments on storytelling and translation, this paper argues that storytelling and translation are similar discursive practices that aim at the exchange of experiences, creating knowledge, and shaping culture. Taking Le Guin’s The Lathe of Heaven (1971) as a case study, this paper delves into how her storytelling serves as a unique form of translation, bridging the thought of ancient Chinese Taoist …


Ecopoetry As Method: Reading Gary Snyder As A Cultural Mediator Between China And The World, Winnie L M Yee Oct 2023

Ecopoetry As Method: Reading Gary Snyder As A Cultural Mediator Between China And The World, Winnie L M Yee

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

Ecocriticism is a field that is inherently cross-cultural, and poetry is an art form that creates bonds across cultural communities. This paper focuses on Gary Snyder, a prominent poet in his own right, who is famous for his translation of the works by Chinese poet Han Shan. His attraction to Chinese classical poetry and Eastern civilization offers an alternative to the Western developmental paradigm, and the ecopoetry he espouses is pertinent to today’s environmental debates. His references to nature do not function merely as reminders that nature should be respected but as an impetus to reflect on the coexistence of …


Playing With Time: Writing History In Neo-Zionist Hebrew Literature, Huiruo Li Oct 2023

Playing With Time: Writing History In Neo-Zionist Hebrew Literature, Huiruo Li

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

The term neo-Zionism can be used to group ideologically much of contemporary Hebrew literature. However, since neo-Zionism shares similar critical tools with post-Zionism, while also sharing a common political vision with Zionism, it has been difficult to find the definitive signifiers of neo-Zionist writing. This paper offers a way to determine the nuanced ideological inclination of Hebrew literature: the presentation of time. First, this paper recognizes the metamorphosis of time in Israeli literary history that reflects the writers’ historical view of the Zionist agenda. Zionist Hebrew literature was engaged in re-establishing Jewish historical time by emphasizing the relationship between time …


The Animal In The Wild In Hwang Sun-Mi’S The Hen Who Dreamed She Could Fly, Sarah Yoon Oct 2023

The Animal In The Wild In Hwang Sun-Mi’S The Hen Who Dreamed She Could Fly, Sarah Yoon

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

Hwang Sun-mi’s The Hen Who Dreamed She Could Fly has become a contemporary classic children’s story in Korea since its original publication in 2000. Since then, the story has been translated and redesigned with new illustrations in almost thirty different countries (Y. Kim). The Hen Who Dreamed She Could Fly centers on a hen that raises a duckling as her “baby,” with the story drawing upon a rich reservoir of cultural associations between humans and nature in East Asian traditions. In this story, the hen leaves the human-dominated barnyard, based on profit, exploitation, and competition, for a reconnection with moral …


Translating Diversity From Ralph Ellison To Kenzaburō Ōe, Raphaël Lambert Oct 2023

Translating Diversity From Ralph Ellison To Kenzaburō Ōe, Raphaël Lambert

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

The purpose of this article is twofold: first, it endeavors to understand the vagaries of the notion of diversity as it travels from one national and political context to the next; and second, it shows how two major fiction writers and essayists have used that notion in their work and to what ends. The first part focuses on the work of Ralph Ellison, who put diversity at the heart of his reflection on what a truly democratic American society should be. Kenzaburō Ōe initially borrowed the notion of diversity from Ellison himself, but as the second part demonstrates, Ōe did …


On The Place Of Self-Defense In Public Life: A Hobbesian Critique Of The Supreme Court’S Second Amendment, Rafi Reznik Oct 2023

On The Place Of Self-Defense In Public Life: A Hobbesian Critique Of The Supreme Court’S Second Amendment, Rafi Reznik

Brigham Young University Journal of Public Law

Contemporary Second Amendment law, which originated with the famous Heller decision (2008) and reached a new peak with Bruen (2022), relies on an implicit political theory. This article uncovers and critiques that theory. I argue that the Supreme Court’s Second Amendment jurisprudence positions interpersonal self-defense, and more generally individual response to crime, at the heart of the meaning of American citizenship. The paradigmatic citizen for whom state institutions should be designed is a self-defender, because, per the Court’s interpretive methodology, this is what the American people want. This line of cases thus attempts one of the most challenging feats of …


Curating A Consumption Ideology: Platformization And Gun Influencers On Instagram, Jenna M. Drenten Ph.D., Lauren Gurrieri, Aimee Dinnín Huff, Michelle Barnhart Oct 2023

Curating A Consumption Ideology: Platformization And Gun Influencers On Instagram, Jenna M. Drenten Ph.D., Lauren Gurrieri, Aimee Dinnín Huff, Michelle Barnhart

School of Business: Faculty Publications and Other Works

This study explores how a platform enables social media influencers to promulgate a consumption ideology. We show how gun influencers, or “gunfluencers,” use Instagram to link products, activities, and meanings to Second Amendment ideology – a gun-centric belief system in the United States colloquially known as “2A ideology.” Through a qualitative study of 25 Instagram gunfluencers, we identify a process of curating a consumption ideology wherein social media influencers employ four curatorial tactics: glamourizing, demystifying, victimizing, and tribalizing. Findings suggest gunfluencers extend audiences and leverage algorithms to prescribe and model how supporters of 2A ideology should look, act, speak, feel, …


Inclusive Engineering Classrooms: Student Teaching Assistants’ Perspectives, Joelyn De Lima, Siara Isaac, Helena Kovacs Oct 2023

Inclusive Engineering Classrooms: Student Teaching Assistants’ Perspectives, Joelyn De Lima, Siara Isaac, Helena Kovacs

Research Papers

Inclusive teaching is the intentional practice of recognising biases, working to mitigate their impact, and ensuring that students have equitable learning opportunities. In addition to improving students' sense of belonging and self efficacy, inclusive teaching improves retention, improves academic performance, and reduces achievement gaps. In many large enrollment introductory classrooms, student teaching assistants (TAs) contribute to the classroom climate in addition to the teachers and the students. In this qualitative study, 262 TAs were asked about their teaching strengths, areas that need improvement, obstacles, and ideas about their role in reducing incidents of discrimination or harassment. We coded their open-ended …


Media Discourse And Internal Conflict Of Javanese Power In Yogyakarta, Roro Retno Wulan, Catur Nugroho, M. Nastain Oct 2023

Media Discourse And Internal Conflict Of Javanese Power In Yogyakarta, Roro Retno Wulan, Catur Nugroho, M. Nastain

Jurnal Wacana Politik

This paper attempts to reveal how the local media, Kedaulatan Rakyat, produces discourse on the Yogyakarta palace’s internal conflict involving Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono X and his siblings. The Special Region of Yogyakarta as a province in Indonesia has a special government system that is different from other regions. The governor of Yogyakarta is not elected by the people like in other regions in Indonesia but is determined by the DPRD based on who serves as the King of the Yogyakarta Palace. This phenomenon becomes interesting when there are differences of opinion among the people and within the Yogyakarta Palace …


The Effect Of Celebrity Diplomacy: Preliminary Study On The Impact Of Climate Change Campaign By Blackpink Towards Blink Indonesia Community (Boi), Widyawati Widyawati, Aditya Batara Gunawan Oct 2023

The Effect Of Celebrity Diplomacy: Preliminary Study On The Impact Of Climate Change Campaign By Blackpink Towards Blink Indonesia Community (Boi), Widyawati Widyawati, Aditya Batara Gunawan

Jurnal Wacana Politik

This study aims to explore the impact of climate change campaign by Blackpink towards the Blink Official Indonesia (BOI) community. Currently, the modern diplomacy practice is no longer focusing on the state actor but more importantly, involving non-state actor, especially public figures or celebrities as the ambassador to carry out specific mission of the states or international organizations at the global level. An example of such development is the appointment of South Korea-based music group Blackpink as the goodwill ambassador for the United Nations Climate Change Conference 26 (COP 26) in 2021. The selection of Blackpink as the COP26 ambassador …


Innovative Collaboration And Co-Designing With Santhal And Mohli Tribes Of Dumka, India, Nilanjana Bairagi, Ajithsen Selvadhas, Sowndarya Archarya Oct 2023

Innovative Collaboration And Co-Designing With Santhal And Mohli Tribes Of Dumka, India, Nilanjana Bairagi, Ajithsen Selvadhas, Sowndarya Archarya

IASDR Conference Series

Tribal communities use locally available resources to fulfil their daily needs in India. Santhal and Mohli tribes in Jharkhand, India have an intergenerational skill of using bamboo and other natural fibres to make utility crafts like baskets and mats, which is used as a part of their lifestyle. However, it was limited in terms of product range and market reach, which resulted in the tribes’ livelihood stagnancy and other financial difficulties. Therefore, the objective of this research was design intervention and product development based on collaborative designing, as the researchers were outside of the tribal community. And also to propose …


The Body Gets The Notion: Performative Design Practice For Human Computer Integration To Encourage Innovation In The Domains Of Health And Well-Being., Anne Marleen Olthof, Jouke Verlinden, Somaya Ben Allouch Oct 2023

The Body Gets The Notion: Performative Design Practice For Human Computer Integration To Encourage Innovation In The Domains Of Health And Well-Being., Anne Marleen Olthof, Jouke Verlinden, Somaya Ben Allouch

IASDR Conference Series

This PhD-project delivers a design methodology that studies how cyber-physical systems can integrate with the human body to improve the quality of life for people with progressive and permanent disabilities. In this project, the perspectives of the ‘deviant body’ (Murray, 2007) and the ‘disabled body’ (Goodley, 2017) are seen as bodies of knowledge that can question, collapse, or even eliminate traditional perspectives on what it means to be ‘human’ in hybrid realities. In recent debates on human-computer integration (HInt) (Farooq & Grudin, 2017; Mueller et al., 2020, 2021; Danry, V.et al., 2021; Semertzidis et al., 2022; Barbosa et al., 2023), …


Exploring And Facilitating Daoism's Contributions To Design Prototype, A Case Study From A "More-Than-Human" Social Innovation Project: Hokkhi, Jixiang Jiang, Shu Zhang, Yizao Wu Oct 2023

Exploring And Facilitating Daoism's Contributions To Design Prototype, A Case Study From A "More-Than-Human" Social Innovation Project: Hokkhi, Jixiang Jiang, Shu Zhang, Yizao Wu

IASDR Conference Series

In the face of the current environmental crises and the emergent debate over how we as a species should respond to it, local-context discussions, research, and practice are rapidly growing in a number of regions. Within the confines of the design community, there is an ever-growing view of these discussions as representing a culturally diverse perspective on design, as opposed to the current Western-centric design shaped by modernism and capitalist market economies, and as representing the emergence of an emerging design scene of pluriverse. This study extends the concept of the oyster reef conservation project referred to as "Hokkhi," produced …


Identities And [Changing] Identities: A Crossroads Of Cultures, Translation, And Digital Innovation, Valeria Bucchetti, Anna Barbara, José Allard, Peter Scupelli, Reejy Atef Abdelatty Mikhail Oct 2023

Identities And [Changing] Identities: A Crossroads Of Cultures, Translation, And Digital Innovation, Valeria Bucchetti, Anna Barbara, José Allard, Peter Scupelli, Reejy Atef Abdelatty Mikhail

IASDR Conference Series

Will the design system be emancipated enough to contribute to the transformation processes of identities in different cultural contexts? The notion of identity constitutes a fundamental axis for reflecting on design’s renewal and transformations. Identity is not immutable; it transforms with growth and social changes from a multicultural and intercultural perspective. The paper critiques the contributions submitted to the Identities and [Changing] Identities track for the tenth Congress of the International Association of Societies of Design Research (IASDR 2023). The contributions reflect on four main areas: cultural identity concerning the identity roots of design, the authorial identities with their poetics, …


Aqueous Logics: Towards A Hydro Feminism Approach To Sustainability, Beatrice Maggipinto, Valentina Nisi, Sarah Fox, Nuno Nunes, Tom Ainsworth Oct 2023

Aqueous Logics: Towards A Hydro Feminism Approach To Sustainability, Beatrice Maggipinto, Valentina Nisi, Sarah Fox, Nuno Nunes, Tom Ainsworth

IASDR Conference Series

In the popular imagination, sustainability is often synonymous with environmentalism, but it encapsulates much more. While environmentalism and conservation are often a focal point of sustainability efforts, so too are the people who impact the environment through their actions and associated activism. In this paper, we examine the discourse on sustainability, nature conservation and climate change. We focus, in particular, on the relationship between humans and the seas, where three main topics entangle: eco-feminism, ocean conservation and well-being. This paper highlights its implications for research on sustainability, nature conservation and climate change by outlining an aqueous logic — a fluid …


Places Of Worship Digital Information Dissemination Design Strategy In Communication Ritual View, Yihong Lin, Meiling Zhou Oct 2023

Places Of Worship Digital Information Dissemination Design Strategy In Communication Ritual View, Yihong Lin, Meiling Zhou

IASDR Conference Series

Based on the ritual concept of communication, this paper presents a comprehensive analysis of Places of worship space design and cultural communication and inheritance in the digital era based on six classic Places of worship interaction cases and proposes five spatial design and interaction design strategies: personalized communication rituals leading to emotional resonance opportunities, interweaving multi-level media to create a cross-dimensional panoramic presence perception, creating a herald of faith with symbols, maintaining cultural order with solemn rituals and interpretations, and constructing a continuous narrative context of Places of worship space.


A Study On Technology Acceptance Model Of Ai Speakers Among Middle-Aged People, Yun Jing, Ryoichi Tamura Oct 2023

A Study On Technology Acceptance Model Of Ai Speakers Among Middle-Aged People, Yun Jing, Ryoichi Tamura

IASDR Conference Series

This study focuses on China, which is entering an aging society. The aim is to investigate the acceptance of smart speakers among middle-aged Chinese people through an online questionnaire. To achieve this, a new analytical model was developed using the technology acceptance model as a template. Structural equation modeling was conducted to quantitatively analyze the data, taking into account differences in whether or not middle-aged people have used smart speakers and gender for categorical discussion. The study identified the different concerns of these groups regarding smart speakers and examined the relationships between different potential factors. Finally, design concerns for improving …


Sonic Memories: Towards A Participatory Memory Archive, Pinar Yelmi Oct 2023

Sonic Memories: Towards A Participatory Memory Archive, Pinar Yelmi

IASDR Conference Series

This short paper puts forward the outcomes of the workshop related to information visualization for the archive of memories linked to urban soundscapes. Memories as well as urban soundscapes are integral parts of cultural heritage and deserve to be protected for maintaining cultural identity. It becomes very urgent to start protecting especially those which are at risk of getting lost in current daily life conditions that have been changed due to the pandemic. This study was carried out by employing a collaborative visualization design workshop method which is a user-centred workshop structure for gathering ideas on information visualization. The main …


Product Design For Cultural Digitization - The Example Of Salt-Making Portrait Bricks From The Han Dynasty In China, Wenwen Yang, Shuang He Oct 2023

Product Design For Cultural Digitization - The Example Of Salt-Making Portrait Bricks From The Han Dynasty In China, Wenwen Yang, Shuang He

IASDR Conference Series

An emerging area of interest is the creation of digital cultural studies products that combine digital narrative techniques with traditional culture to create new consumption hotspots. In this context, this paper focuses on the salt-making portrait bricks, which were a pictorial version of the Han dynasty encyclopedia and reflected the lives of Sichuan people during the Qin and Han dynasties. This paper aims to integrate an interactive AR scanning experience and the Salt Island game into toy brick products to expand the cultural popularization of the salt-making portrait bricks. Users can experience a sense of accomplishment from the cultural science …


The Use Of Collaborative Media In Societal Crises – Towards A Conceptual Framework, Mari Karhu Oct 2023

The Use Of Collaborative Media In Societal Crises – Towards A Conceptual Framework, Mari Karhu

IASDR Conference Series

The COVID-19 pandemic and environmental crisis are examples of long-lasting crisis situations that challenge everyday life as we know it. Based on a set of user studies, this paper suggests an initial conceptual framework for the use of collaborative media in societal crises. News and social media construct crisis awareness and a sense of crisis that, in turn, may channel into media-enabled collaborative activities. These activities occur in a socio-technical shaker, setting the boundaries for crisis collaboration. After all, the activities grow into use purposes including collaborative crisis intelligence, collaborative crisis action, and collaborative crisis adaptation. The suggested conceptual framework …


Speculating Gender In Conversational Interfaces, Patrizia Marti, Stefano Varlaro Oct 2023

Speculating Gender In Conversational Interfaces, Patrizia Marti, Stefano Varlaro

IASDR Conference Series

The paper investigates gender biases and stereotypes in the design of conversational interfaces such as chatbots and virtual assistants. Recently the topic has received a growing attention in the design community. In our research, we focus on the issue of the lack of diversity and viewpoints that may unintentionally create services that are biased towards a particular group of users, while ignoring the needs and perspectives of others. To address this issue, we organised a speculative design workshop inviting 9 people with different gender and sexual identity to reflect on gender biases in conversational interfaces with the ultimate objective of …


Designer-Researcher’S Positionality; Materialities Matter, Amber De Coen, Niels Hendriks, Andrea Wilkinson Oct 2023

Designer-Researcher’S Positionality; Materialities Matter, Amber De Coen, Niels Hendriks, Andrea Wilkinson

IASDR Conference Series

With the rise of cross-cultural, participatory research projects, there is a growing need for reflexivity in the design research community. One way to address this need is by using positionality, which acknowledges the researcher's personal, social, cultural, political position in relation to the subject, participants, context, and process of a study. However, this paper argues that in design research, additional reflections should be made on the research materialities, seeing as these may also reflect the designer-researcher's biases and assumptions, which have implications for the research process and outcomes. Drawing on the example of a participatory design research project researching the …


Participatory Design For Craft Sustainability In Rural Areas: A Multi-Sited Approach, Peining Sheng Oct 2023

Participatory Design For Craft Sustainability In Rural Areas: A Multi-Sited Approach, Peining Sheng

IASDR Conference Series

This second-year ongoing doctoral research explores how participatory design can help rural-based craftspeople add value to their craft practice and balance selling prices against hidden costs, which will stimulate the development of a creative economy and reinforce local cultural identity. This research project aims to: a) contribute to implementing the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 8, 11, and 13; b) reform stereotypes surrounding the ‘Made in China’ label; c) develop an effective strategy for rural craft development and sustainability. The need to achieve SDGs is urgent today, as COVID-19, an unprecedented humanitarian crisis, has impacted people’s daily lives …


Yearning For Revival_Using Healing As The Linking Strategy To Recreate Emotionally Resilient Communities, Tanhao Gao, Yujia Liu, Lingyu Zhu, Hongtao Zhou, Li Zhang Oct 2023

Yearning For Revival_Using Healing As The Linking Strategy To Recreate Emotionally Resilient Communities, Tanhao Gao, Yujia Liu, Lingyu Zhu, Hongtao Zhou, Li Zhang

IASDR Conference Series

COVID-19 and Omicron variants have caused unprecedented impacts on global operating systems, society was forced to accept a painful coexistence with the pandemic, and the derived economic, social, and cultural disasters have left communities plagued by the "Long Covid" aftermath and psychological pressure. Worse still, society has witnessed an increasingly severe problem between spaces and services, including delayed regeneration, disorganization, and isolation. Therefore, it has become crucial and urgent to discover linking strategies between spaces and services, residents and communities, and the broader interrelated field during the recovery and change transition. Through comparative theoretical analysis, we identify the conceptual definition, …


E-Motioning: Exploring The Effects Of Emotional Generative Visuals On Creativity And Connectedness During Videoconferencing, Tianqin Lu, Jun Hu Oct 2023

E-Motioning: Exploring The Effects Of Emotional Generative Visuals On Creativity And Connectedness During Videoconferencing, Tianqin Lu, Jun Hu

IASDR Conference Series

Videoconferencing has become an essential part of business life, and the trend of remote collaboration is set to continue in the future. However, research has shown that the lack of social cues in videoconferencing negatively impacts human social connectedness and hinders the production of creative ideas. Therefore, E-Motioning has been proposed as a system that generates geometrical-based visuals according to users’ real-time emotions, and these visuals are used, as backgrounds for videoconferencing. An experiment was conducted with twenty-four participants to examine the effects of E-Motioning on creativity and connectedness in Microsoft Teams compared to a control condition that uses the …


Decolonizing Creativity In The Digital Era, Laura Herman, Payal Arora Oct 2023

Decolonizing Creativity In The Digital Era, Laura Herman, Payal Arora

IASDR Conference Series

This paper explores the importance of decolonizing creativity in the digital era within the context of the platformised creator economy. We argue that technology has largely been designed for Western audiences by Western audiences, thereby overlooking an enormous segment of global Internet users who exist outside of the Global North. To take a truly inclusive approach to design research, it is imperative to consider local impacts and vernacular realities of designed platforms. Therefore, we share the results of fieldwork conducted with young people in India to produce a non-Western, decolonial perspective on digital creativity and algorithmic cultures. In sharing these …


Meet Me At The Local Shop: Designing Community Anchors For Customer Engagement, Eunji Woo, Chorong Kim, Hyejin Kwon, Yedam Ryu, Youngok Choi, Ki-Young Nam Oct 2023

Meet Me At The Local Shop: Designing Community Anchors For Customer Engagement, Eunji Woo, Chorong Kim, Hyejin Kwon, Yedam Ryu, Youngok Choi, Ki-Young Nam

IASDR Conference Series

Design plays a vital role in facilitating community-building by triggering interpersonal social interactions, enhancing a sense of attachment, and connecting individuals. This study aims to identify how local creators are currently casting community anchors for their customers and explore design opportunities to further enhance these practices. First, a literature review is conducted to establish the significance and concepts of ‘local creators’, ‘community anchors’ and ‘level of customer engagement’. Subsequently, 40 practical cases are thematically analysed to identify which and how local creators cast community anchors to engage customers for community-building. Consequently, fourteen types of community anchors and five ways of …