Digital Commons Network^™

Where And When: Identifying Key Regions Of Overground Sprint For Horizontal Force-Velocity Profiling, Daniel Geneau, Marc Klimstra, Ming-Chang Tsai

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study was to identify regions of an overground sprint trial required to accurately determine independent Horizontal Force Velocity (FV) measures. Forty-seven university aged athletes completed two separate overground sprint trials. Baseline FV metrics; theoretical maximum velocity [V_0], peak velocity [V_max], maximum power [P_max], maximum theoretical force [F_0], decrease ratio of force [DRF], and force-velocity slope [〖FV〗_slope] were calculated for each trial. Trials were then modified by systematically removing percentages of the total sprint from the beginning and end of the trial independently. FV metrics were compared at each percentage stage and compared to baseline. Results of …

Whole-Body Coordinative Strategies Contribute To The Minimization Of Centre Of Mass Displacement In Maximal Velocity Sprinting, Chris L. Vellucci, Shawn Beaudette

ISBS Proceedings Archive

Sprinting is a dynamic skill that requires rapid and precise postural control. This study investigates the association between frontal plane centre of mass (CoM) displacement, whole-body coordination, and sprint velocity. Significant correlations with sprint velocity were found between stance phase frontal plane (cPL), superior inferior range of motion (SI ROM), and sprint velocity. Spatiotemporal coordinative coupling of the bilateral knees and thorax-pelvis axial twisting displayed significant partial correlations with the minimization of frontal plane cPL and SI CoM RoM. The findings of this work suggest that both the upper and lower body contribute to the control of the CoM within …

An Emg Preprocessing Pipeline And A Gui For Paralympic Cross-Country Skiing Sitting Position Assessment, Hatim Barioudi, Leonie Hirsch, Dominic Wintergerst, Ralf Rombach, Walter Rapp, Thomas Felderhoff, Natalie Mrachacz-Kersting

ISBS Proceedings Archive

An efficient sitting position and the sledge design are crucial for the success of para-athletes in cross-country sit skiing. However, there is a lack of studies on the effects of sitting positions on the performance of para-athletes. This study introduces an EMG preprocessing pipeline and a GUI to analyse and compare muscle activation in different sitting positions, as well as identify key factors to quantify the optimal sitting position. As desired by the coaches, this provides the opportunity to compare muscle activation during different sitting positions and conditions immediately after measurements. Test measurements were conducted with non-disabled athletes to validate …

Comparison Of Discrete (0d) And Continuous (1d) Analysis Of Sidestep Cutting Kinematics And Kinetics, Eline M. Nijmeijer, Matthias Kempe, Marije T. Elferink-Gemser, Anne Benjaminse

ISBS Proceedings Archive

Although both discrete (0D) and continuous (1D) analysis are used, the differences in results between both analyses in repeated measures designs are unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the results of a discrete and continuous analysis on the same dataset. Data of an intervention study regarding sidestep cutting with two groups and three sessions of measurements were used. Analyses of mean and peak values (0D) and timeseries (1D) revealed contradictory results for some variables. More interestingly, the direction of the results was different sometimes. This substantiates the impact that an analysis method can have on data …

The Effect Of Surfaces On The Knee Biomechanics Of A 90 Degree Cut, Samantha Rhodes, Richard Jones, Lee Herrington, Chris Bramah

ISBS Proceedings Archive

Assessments following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are commonly on surfaces that do not represent the playing or training surface. This study aimed to investigate how different surfaces, specifically a running track and artificial grass, influence biomechanics during a 90-degree change of direction (COD). Seventeen participants performed a 90-degree COD on both a running track surface and an artificial grass surface. Motion capture and force plate data were collected. No significant differences were observed in kinematic variables between surfaces. However, the knee extensor moment and posterior braking force were significantly higher on the running track compared to artificial grass (P

Real-Time Biofeedback To Control Trunk Power Production In Ergometer Rowing, Lorenzo Pitto, Frederic Simon, Leo Banet, Geoffrey Ertel, Guillaume Mornieux

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study was to test a real-time feedback for ergometer rowing based on parameters describing a rower’s technique, specifically the curve of the power produced by the trunk. The goal was to enhance the trunk engagement during the drive phase. Eleven rowers performed an ergometer rowing session at 20spm and maximum intensity, where their habitual technique was measured. Then, they performed six sessions of 3min with feedback exposure on trunk time to peak power and work ratio. On average, rowers were able to advance their trunk power production within the drive phase by 1.3%, but without significant …

Unraveling Kinematics Of Unplanned Change-Of-Direction Maneuvers: A Field-Based Exploration Focused On Acl Injury Risk, Mareike Kühne, Christian Sanin, Maurice Mohr

ISBS Proceedings Archive

ACL injury risk during COD maneuvers is dependent on the chosen movement pattern, which can be impacted by factors like anticipation. This study used a field-based approach including multiple COD angles and directions to explore the effects of anticipation and COD angle on joint angles at the initial ground contact. Twenty soccer players completed planned and unplanned CODs, with kinematic data collected by IMU sensors. For unplanned scenarios, we found evidence for risk-mitigating adaptations (higher knee flexion (p < .001), lower hip abduction (p = 0.046)) as well as injury-provoking movements (less pelvis pre-orientation (p < .001), higher trunk rotation (p = 0.016)), which resulted in decreased COD …

The Timing Of Stomping (Fumikomi) In Kendo Attacks: Comparison Of Kyu And Dan Level Kendokas, Kwangyul Jeong, Franz Konstantin Fuss

ISBS Proceedings Archive

According to the doctrine of Kendo, spirit, sword, and body must be synchronized. This principle also applies to the timing of stomping when striking the head target. We instrumented a right Kendo sock and a Kendo helmet (head gear) with piezoresistive sensors, and measured the time interval Δt between two impacts, stomping and striking the head target, in 16 Kendokas (6 Kyu and 10 Dan holders). Δt was significantly (p < 0.0001) different in Kyu and Dan holders, with medians of –0.040 s (stomping before striking) and +0.502 s (stomping after striking) respectively, indicating that the two impacts were not synchronised. This study proposes to revise the doctrines of Kendo and accept the fact that in Dan holders, the foot impact on the ground occurs on average 0.5 s after striking the head target.

Effects Of Half-Marathon Running On Quadriceps And Hamstring Torque, Wenjin Wang, Marvin Zedler, Yutong Jing, Wolfgang Potthast

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study aims to investigate changes in concentric and eccentric quadriceps and hamstring torque following half-marathon running on the treadmill. Thirty-eight recreational runners participated in this study. Isokinetic dynamometry measured torque before, 5 minutes, 24 and 48 hours after completing half-marathon. A significant decrease in concentric and eccentric torque were observed at 5 minutes after a half-marathon for both hamstrings (all p < 0.001) and quadriceps (all p < 0.001), with recovery evident within 24 hours. However, 48 hours after the half-marathon, individuals exhibited increased concentric hamstrings torque (p=0.034) and eccentric quadriceps (p=0.002) compared to the baseline. Running a half-marathon may increase the risk of running injuries. However, these effect were transient, with torque levels returning to baseline within 24 hours.

On-Field Assessment Of Change-Of-Direction (Cod) Movements: Adaptation In Leg And Trunk Posture Throughout A Cod Sequence, Maurice Mohr, Christian Sanin, Mareike Kühne

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study investigated adaptations in change-of-direction (COD) movement strategies throughout a sequence of maximum-speed CODs in an on-field testing scenario that involved complex decision making and limited time for motor preparation. Twenty soccer players completed randomized sequences of pre-planned and unplanned 45°-135° CODs and their joint movements were tracked using inertial measurement units. For 90°-135° turns, the last vs. first CODs showed a more extended knee and rotated trunk at initial contact. These kinematic features may reflect insufficient time to prepare for the ground contact of a COD that immediately follows a previous COD and are more consistent with postures …

The Influence Of Lower Limb Muscle Pre-Activation On Knee Joint Dynamic Control During A Single-Leg Landing Task In Badminton, Pingping Zhu, Yanjia Xu Wang, Yanjia Xu, Zhe Hu

ISBS Proceedings Archive

Purpose: Lower limb neuromuscular strategies impact knee biomechanics, crucial for ACL injury prevention. Yet, the link between them remains unclear. In our randomized trial with 34 badminton players, we examined lower limb muscle preactivity during single-leg landings. Findings revealed that increased rectus femoris preactivation correlated with heightened knee valgus angle. Moreover, higher lateral hamstring/quadriceps co-contraction ratios predicted increased knee extension moments. These outcomes suggest potential benefits in ACL injury prevention through reduced quadriceps pre-activation and optimal lateral hamstring/quadriceps co-contraction ratios. Understanding these relationships aids in developing targeted prevention strategies for anterior cruciate knee injuries.

Application Of Qualitative Movement Diagnosis On Sprint Start, Sang Yup Lee, Ethan Davis, Melissa Mache, Chengtu Hsieh

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of applying Qualitative Movement Diagnosis (QMD) on sprint start performance. Twelve NCAA II sprinters volunteered for this cross-sectional study. The steps of applying QMD in sprint start performance were introduced. Subjects were asked to perform three pre-intervention trials of block starts in their preferred setting. The block setting and joint kinematics at knee and hip from both sides of body were evaluated. The feedback was provided for the three post-intervention trials. A moderate effect of significant improvement of exist velocity (p = 0.04) was observed as well as lead …

The Impact Of Classical Chinese Dance On The Gait Of The Elderly – Cross Sectional Study, Chia-Ling Chen, Jia-Hao Chang

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study was to explore the difference of gait between normal healthy elders and elders who experienced in classical Chinese dance. Subjects divided into 2 groups (7 subjects in classical Chinese dance group, 7 subjects in control group),data was collected at a single point in time from groups and used the APDM Movement Monitoring system to analysis gait patterns. The experiment group showed improved gait metrics: smaller left circumduction (4.3±2.2 vs. 7.2±1.3, p=0.01), larger right foot strike angle (17.58±2.53 vs. 11.04±5.46, p=0.014), reduced trunk coronal motion (3.47±1.04 vs. 6.90±2.36, p=0.004), and decreased trunk transverse motion (5.78±.79 vs. 7.06±1.22, p=0.038). These …

Intra- And Inter-Subject Variability In A Realistic, Non-Standardized Exergaming Scenario, Michelle C. Haas, Anna Lisa Martin-Niedecken, Larissa Wild, Leander Schneeberger, Eveline S. Graf

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study was to assess the variability of lower extremity mechanics related to biomechanical risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament injury. Lower body kinematics were measured in healthy subjects in a realistic, non-standardized exergaming scenario. Variability in a jump exercise were described with the coefficient of variation and leg symmetry was assessed using Welch’s t-test. Inter-subject variability was moderate-high and intra-subject variability was low-moderate in all variables, while leg symmetry differed significantly for knee internal rotation and hip extension (p < .001), but not in the knee valgus. Athletes showing high risk knee biomechanics and high movement variability need clear instructions to prevent more extreme angles. Athletes showing low movement variability need proper recovery periods to avoid ACL fatigue failure.

Effects Of Stack Height On Running Biomechanics During Level, Uphill, And Downhill Running At Different Speeds, Cagla Fadillioglu, Bernd Stetter, Thorsten Stein

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study aimed to investigate the effects of shoe stack height on comfort assessment, step frequency and lower limb joint range of motions (ROMs) during level, downhill and uphill running with different running speeds since stack height is one of the highly discussed key features of running shoes and was not intensively investigated for sloped running conditions. Seventeen male experienced runners completed the running protocol by wearing three running shoes with different stack heights. The kinematics were collected with a 3D motion capturing system. A comfort questionnaire was asked for each shoe. The lowest stack height resulted in the highest …

Influence Of Motor-Cognitive Performance On Landing Biomechanics In Different Conditions: Preliminary Results, Filippo Bertozzi, Claudia Brunetti, Scott M. Monfort, Chiarella Sforza, Manuela Galli, Marco Tarabini

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This pilot study examines the impact of varied cognitive loads on lower limb biomechanics during landing tasks. Ten male athletes performed a novel motor-cognitive assessment and then a landing task in three conditions with different cognitive loads. Findings suggest cognitive conditions may affect GRF, joint kinematics, and kinetics. Specifically, unanticipated tasks may elevate GRF, while altered hip abduction indicates adjustments in base support. Hip and knee moments vary based on cognitive conditions, emphasizing their influence on load absorption. Additionally, divided attention correlates with increased knee abduction moment, underscoring its relevance in managing potentially harmful sports movements. These results reinforce prior …

Association Between Jump Performance And Acl Injury Kinematic Risk Factors, Claudia Brunetti, Filippo Bertozzi, Rodrigo Rabello, Alice Ranzini, Chiarella Sforza

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study aimed to provide further insights into unclear aspects in the existing literature concerning the association between ACL injury kinematic risk factors and jump performance, as they might conflict. Fifty-four physically active females executed drop jumps with a maximal CMJ. A motion capture system provided knee and hip kinematics. Jump height, contact time, reactive strength index, initial speed, and power were obtained using a contact platform. Spearman’s correlations between first and second landing kinematics and jump indicators were evaluated. The results showed how highly performing participants were also able to land safely, plausibly reducing ACL injury risk factors. These …

Visual Task Constraints Influence Head Control And Coordination Variability In Contact Sport Athletes, Samuel R. Zeff, Joseph Hamill, Douglas Martini, Richard Van Emmerik

ISBS Proceedings Archive

We sought to determine whether contact sport participation affects visual acuity, head control, and coordinative variability during locomotor tasks. Thirteen contact and eleven noncontact athletes completed treadmill walking tasks with and without a visual Landolt C task (identify open circle orientation). During baseline, head motion did not differ between groups, but contact athletes had reduced pelvis-thigh variability compared to noncontact athletes. During the visual condition only noncontact athletes reduced vertical head displacement which may reflect an adaptive motor strategy not present in contact athletes. These differences were accompanied by significantly reduced coordinative variability in contact athletes compared to noncontact athletes. …

Differences In Intra-Foot Movement Strategies During The Cutting Task Among Cai, Copers, And Healthy Individuals, Peimin Yu, Xuanzhen Cen, Justin Fernandez, Yaodong Gu

ISBS Proceedings Archive

Individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) suffer from the resulting sequela of repetitive lateral ankle sprains (LAS), whilst copers appear to cope with initial LAS successfully. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the intra-foot biomechanical differences among CAI, copers, and healthy individuals. Twenty-two participants per group were included and required to perform a cutting task. A five-segment foot model with eight degrees of freedom was used to explore the intra-foot movement among these three groups. Joint moment differences were not found among these three groups, however, Copers presented greater eversion angles compared to others. Copers rely on …

Hip Moment Increases While Knee And Ankle Moments Remain Constant During Squats With Increasing Loads In Elite Powerlifters, Alexander Pürzel, Paul Kaufmann, Willi Koller, David Deimel, Arnold Baca, Hans Kainz

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study aimed to investigate compensation strategies among elite powerlifters under high-load conditions. 31 top-ranked powerlifters from the Austrian team executed competition-style squats at 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, and 90% of their estimated 1-repetition-maximum (F_max). Employing musculoskeletal modelling, we conducted a biomechanical analysis (i.e. joints moments calculated via inverse dynamics) to understand the alterations in squatting mechanics across various loads. Our findings revealed a consistent relative load shift from the knee to the hip joint with increasing intensity. The knee and ankle joint moments remained constant from 70% to 90% F_max, underscoring the dominant role of …

Profiling Of Spin Bowlers With Biomechanical Parameters Derived From A Smart Cricket Ball, Franz Konstantin Fuss, Batdelger Doljin, Rene E. D. Ferdinands

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This paper introduces a novel approach to advanced profiling by utilising a smart cricket ball (gyro sensor at its centre). It identifies the type of delivery and determines various physical and skill performance parameters. Five spin bowlers (finger and wrist spinners) were profiled using this new method. Four bowlers executed the correct delivery (side and topside spin), while one bowler unintentionally bowled top/topside-spin instead of side-spin. The study measured the ability to convert torque (T) into spin rate (ω) using the ratio of spin rate per unit torque (ω/T [rps/N/m]), which ranged from …

The Trade-Off Between Cumulative Joint Loading And Cost Of Transport When Altering Anterior Trunk Lean Angle In Running, Luca Braun, Patrick Mai, Markus Hipper, Yannick Denis, Bastian Anedda, Janina Helwig, Dominic Gehring, Steffen Willwacher

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The study aimed to establish dose-response relationships between systematically altered anterior trunk leaning (ATL) and lower extremity cumulative joint loading (angular impulse x number of strides) as well as cost of transport (COT) in distance running. Twenty-eight recreational runners underwent a series of six treadmill runs (2.5 m/s) with five predefined ATL conditions (from -4° extension to 28° flexion) and one self-selected ATL condition for five minutes with 3D motion capture and spirometry. Increasing ATL systematically decreased cumulative knee joint loading and increased cumulative hip joint loading in all conditions. However, running outside the preferred running style increased COT. Designing …

The Impact Of Fresh And Used Ankle Taping On Lower Extremity Biomechanics During Sports Specific Movements, Burkay Utku, Gloria Baehr, Hannah Knoke, Patrick Mai, Francesca Paganini, Markus Hipper, Luca Braun, Yannick Denis, Janina Helwig, Steffen Willwacher

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study aimed to investigate the effects of ankle taping on lower extremity joint biomechanics. Kinetic and kinematic data were collected from 25 participants using 3D motion capturing and force platforms without shoes for running (RUN), drop jumping (DJ), and 180° change of direction (COD), in tape applied fresh (TF) and tape after sports-specific use (TU) conditions compared to a barefoot (BF) baseline. Taping conditions decreased peak ankle excursions and moments for the frontal and sagittal planes for some of the sports-specific movements. However, TF did not significantly alter the knee and hip moments in the frontal and sagittal planes. …

Agreement Between A Smartphone-Based Markerless Motion Capture Application (Aiscout ®) And Conventional Athletic Assessment, Simon Augustus, James Brouner, Chris Howe, Anna Kosciuk, Richard Felton-Thomas

ISBS Proceedings Archive

There is a need to develop accessible 3D motion analysis. The aim of this study was to determine absolute and relative agreement between aiScout^®, a smartphone application that infers 3D pose from 2D video, and conventional methods of assessing athletic performance. Sixteen athletes (29.7 ± 9.0 yrs, 1.75 ± 0.10 m, 75.5 ± 15.8 kg) completed six performance tests that were evaluated by aiScout^® and conventional methods. 10m sprint times, press-ups, lateral rebound jumps, and 5-10-5 football dribble times showed good to excellent absolute (ICC and CCC > 0.8 threshold) and relative agreement (ICC and Kendall’s W > 0.8 …

The Effect Of Footwear Fit On Movement Complexity In Trail Running, Kathryn Harrison, Eric C. Honert, Daniel Feeney

ISBS Proceedings Archive

In trail running athletes must adapt their movement patterns to navigate obstacles in their path. Sample entropy is a method to evaluate an athlete’s flexibility to alter their movement from stride to stride. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of running speed, duration, terrain, sex, and footwear on movement complexity in trail runners. Thirty trail runners (15 female) ran a trail loop in two shoes: a lace shoe and a wrap shoe. We used linear mixed effects models to examine the effects of independent variables on sample entropy of foot accelerations. More technical terrain, faster running …

Isbs 2024 Conference Proceedings Title And Foreward, Jana Holder, Isabella Fessl, Eric Harbour, Hermann Schwameder

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The ISBS is an international society totally dedicated to biomechanics in sports, whose primary purposes are:

• To provide a forum for the exchange of ideas for sports biomechanics researchers, coaches and teachers.
• To bridge the gap between researchers and practitioners.
• To gather and disseminate information and materials on biomechanics in sports.

Papers underwent a double blinded review process. Each paper in these proceedings has been reviewed by at least two members of the scientific committee.

Reflections On Fieldwork In Romania: Subjectivities, Risks, Benefits, And Ethics, Georgeta Stoian Connor

The Geographical Bulletin

Romania, one of the largest and most ruralized Eastern European countries, has a very complex agrarian history: from the traditional free communal villages and serfdom to the communist collective farms, followed by the agricultural alignment to the Common Agricultural Policy. Because the European Union (EU) has had a preconceived vision of what a modern agricultural landscape should look like, when this vision has been implemented within Romania’s agricultural landscape, it has produced deeply contradictory outcomes. In this context, by examining the archive records and information from extended fieldwork in Romania, this study investigates how Romania’s efforts to join the EU …

Volume 63-1 Complete Issue, Casey D. Allen

The Geographical Bulletin

Volume 63-1 Complete Issue

Dining Out With Allergies: Examining Boston’S Allergy-Friendly Restaurant Landscape, Rebecca Marie Shakespeare

The Geographical Bulletin

According to a recent national survey, about ten percent of American adults, estimated 26 million, are likely to have food allergies (Gupta, et al. 2019). Food allergies have many psychosocial outcomes for adults, including social isolation, anxiety, and loneliness. Framing restaurants as a site of social engagement, this article seeks to describe the restaurant landscape for adults with food allergies in Boston. Using online user reviews from TripAdvisor and AllergyEats to identify locations of restaurants with mostly positive allergy-related reviews, this paper uses GIS to assess the geographic accessibility of allergy-friendly restaurants for locations across Boston. Reported allergy-friendly restaurants tend …

Protecting Privacy In India: The Roles Of Consent And Fairness In Data Protection, Mark J. Taylor, Jeannie Marie Paterson

Indian Journal of Law and Technology

The Indian Personal Data Protection Bill 2019 provides a unique approach to balancing the elements of individual consent and fairness-based limitations that are used in data protection regimes in other parts of the world. Drawing on the fundamental values and interests recognised in KS Puttaswamy v. Union of India (2017) and the report of the Committee of Experts, the Bill requires consent of the data subject to data processing, and puts in place standards that consent must meet to be more than a forced formality. Its novelty lies in also proposing substantive obligations of fair and reasonable data processing, and …