Digital Commons Network^™

Moore Questions, Some Answers: Fixing The Personal Tax System Despite Constitutional Constraints, David Gamage, John R. Brooks, Edward J. Mccaffery

Faculty Scholarship

Moore v United States was expected to rule on the constitutional necessity of the tax-law realization requirement originating from Eisner v Macomber, a potential impediment to progressive tax reform efforts aimed at shutting down the planning techniques of Buy Borrow Die. The various opinions in Moore, however, provided no definitive answer to this core question, instead leaving many more questions. Amid the lingering uncertainty, we argue that various responses to the problem of wealthy Americans’ not needing to pay any taxes remain possible after Moore. An incremental, “mix-and-match” approach to progressive tax reform may best suit the …

On Becoming And Being A Criminal Defense Attorney, Steven B. Duke

Touro Law Review

Steven B. Duke grew up in a tiny farming community in Arizona. In college, he experienced injustice during an encounter with the police and decided to attend law school. As a result of his success at the University of Arizona Law School, Duke was offered a clerkship with Justice William O. Douglas for the 1959-60 Supreme Court term. As Duke describes in this article, working for Justice Douglas was a rewarding and demanding experience. Douglas, probably the most liberal Justice ever to serve on the Supreme Court, had a dazzling intellect and wrote many books on all manner of subjects. …

Enhancing The Uniform Partition Of Heirs Property Act: The Need For Broader Use And Essential Modifications, Donna Arzanipour

Touro Law Review

The Uniform Partition of Heirs Property Act (“UPHPA”) seeks to address complex and inequitable conflicts that arise when partitioning heirs property. This Note explores the legislative history of the UPHPA, along with the legal and societal significance of the UPHPA, which provides mechanisms to prevent forced sales of family-owned property. Through a comparative analysis of states that have adopted their versions of the UPHPA, this Note considers the law’s potential to protect family land, reduce the risk of displacement, and promote longterm economic stability for communities, especially those in rural and minority populations. While recommending that all states should adopt …

Unboxing The Box: A Deep Dive Into Solitary Confinement And When It May Violate The First And Eighth Amendments, Madison Scarfaro

Touro Law Review

Solitary confinement has been a practice used for those who are incarcerated in our criminal justice system for hundreds of years. Our nation, as well as our society have evolved and continue to evolve over the course of hundreds of years. However, the use of solitary confinement has not. Even with all of the research and literature surrounding the monstrosities that come about from solitary confinement, it is still used in most of our jails and prisons to this day. The Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution provides: “Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel …

A Patent System For Temple Grandin, Andrew Chin

Touro Law Review

This article explores the intersection of neurodiversity and innovation through the lens of Temple Grandin’s contributions to livestock handling systems and her philosophical alignment with the U.S. patent system. Drawing on cognitive research by Simon Baron-Cohen, archaeological insights from Penny Spikins, and personal reflections, I argue that autistic cognitive styles—characterized by heightened “folk physics” aptitudes and visual thinking—have historically driven technological progress. Grandin’s patented inventions, motivated by sensory-based empathy for animals, exemplify how neurodivergent inventors seek to embed their conceptions of ethical utility into the nation’s technological infrastructure. The article critiques modern patent litigation trends, advocating instead for a system …

Love In The Disabilities Paradigm: A Normal Person’S Need For Healing, Randy Lee

Touro Law Review

We function in a disabilities paradigm where people are broken in a multitude of ways and where, having recognized their brokenness, we seek in our benevolence to remake these broken people in our own image. There is, however, another paradigm in which one might live, a paradigm of love. In that paradigm, people are not divided between “normal” and “broken” but live together on a common spectrum of light. In this paradigm, people are not so much “disabled” as they are waiting to be believed in, and in this paradigm, the greatest need for healing is in the capacity to …

Depraved Indifference Murder In New York State: Proving Depravity In Vehicular Homicide Cases, Jolie Bodner Zangari

Touro Law Review

Depraved indifference murder is one of the most complex theories of proving criminal liability for causing the death of another person. New York’s depraved indifference murder statute exists in Article 125 of the Penal Law of the State of New York, under section 125.25(2) as the second subdivision of Murder in the second degree. Its definition in the Penal Law is as follows: “A person is guilty of murder in the second degree when . . . Under circumstances evincing a depraved indifference to human life, he recklessly engages in conduct which creates a grave risk of death to another …

The Forgotten Victims: A Case For Children’S Compensation Amidst Parental Wrongful Incarceration, Mackenzie Crabbe

Touro Law Review

Wrongful incarceration is a tragedy that occurs far more often than most would care to admit. However, it is not only the wrongfully convicted person who suffers from this phenomenon. Most innocent people who are incarcerated have a family who is then affected and suffers immensely. Many wrongfully incarcerated individuals have children who then grow up without their parents, or with a significant barrier hindering their relationship with their parents. Typically, incarceration, and the separation of families that comes along with it, is justified by the need to regulate crime and keep communities safe. How[1]ever, when innocent people are serving …

Gravitational Property Theory, Monika U. Ehrman

Faculty Journal Articles and Book Chapters

Isaac Newton and Albert Einstein defined and redefined the field of physics. Their theoretical work on gravity is still considered a monumental discovery of their respective times. Although born centuries apart, the theory of gravity each advanced is still essential. Newton’s theory is applied on Earth and even throughout much of the solar system, while Einstein’s theory is used in special environments, such as near black holes. Neither theory is discarded, but instead used where appropriate. Likewise, gravitational property theory proposes that simple property theory—the ad coelum doctrine—is still appropriate for simple property, like stationary or vertical objects. And complex …

Symposium Transcript, In Re Opioid Litigation: The Trial Phase, Rodger D. Citron

Touro Law Review

In October 2023, Touro Law Center held a two-day conference on “The Past and Future of Opioid Litigation.” The inspiration for the conference was an extraordinary five-month jury trial in Suffolk County presided over by Hon. Jerry Garguilo. The trial, which was the first in the United States to include all parties in the pharmaceutical supply chain, from manufacturers to wholesale distributors to retail sellers, began in the summer of 2021. Ultimately, in 2022, the case settled. This allowed Judge Garguilo and attorneys from the case – Jayne Conroy, who represented one of the plaintiffs, Suffolk County, and Harvey Bartle, …

Impact: Enhancing Services And Resources Using Focus Groups, Matt Torrence, Allison Symulevich

USF Libraries Faculty and Staff Publications

To enhance the USF Libraries Impact Services program, project leaders identified several stages to collect and examine faculty needs and resource utilization. In May 2024, librarians Matt Torrence and Allison Symulevich received an internal grant to assess faculty preferences regarding available impact services and resources through focus group interviews. This project aimed to gather assessment data and identify additional tools and options for faculty and students. The collected data will be used to update the primary LibGuide and improve the program. Participants will receive information on updated resources and services, along with a summary of the results. The interviews took …

Exploring The Adoption, Perceptions, And Opportunities Of Artificial Intelligence Among Registered Dietitians In The United States, Hong Liu, Mariana Tadros, Edward Bitok, Liang Ji

Loma Linda University Research Reports

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping healthcare, yet its integration into nutrition and dietetics remains underexplored. This study investigates the adoption, perceptions, and opportunities related to AI technologies among Registered Dietitian Nutritionists (RDNs) in the United States. Our survey was opened in April 2025 and is still ongoing, having gathered responses from over 70 RDNs. Findings reveal that while 58% of RDNs report some familiarity with AI, only 13% consider themselves very or extremely familiar. Attitudes toward AI are generally positive, with 56% viewing AI’s impact on dietetics as positive and 70% believing it could at least moderately improve patient outcomes. …

Philippines, Maria Sabrina Erica M. Carlos, Leslie V. Advincula-Lopez

Development Studies Faculty Publications

Philippine civil-military relations (CMR) have long tipped towards the military despite established constitutional and legislative frameworks ensuring civilian supremacy. The Philippines’ COVID-19 pandemic response, characterized by war metaphors, strong police and military presence, and the appointment of retired military generals in key posts, highlighted the need to revisit the country’s unique CMR dynamics. This chapter explores the military’s expanded role in the COVID19 pandemic response and its implications for an already tenuous Philippine CMR. The military’s expanded role put it in a prominent position to further redefine and recalibrate its position with broader civil society. It breached the traditional institutional …

Discontent In The World City Of Singapore, Gordon Tan, Jessie P. H. Poon, Orlando Woods

Research Collection College of Integrative Studies

A burgeoning literature on ‘left behind’ places has emerged that captures the backlash against globalisation and highlights the locales that lag world cities. This paper integrates the ‘left behind’ and world cities literatures through the lens of discontent in the context of Singapore, using sentiment analysis and topic modelling as well as interviews with local professionals to unpack the multidimensional aspects of discontent. Focusing on the Singapore–India Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement that spurred discontent directed at foreign Indian professionals, we show that the worlding generated by transnational flows has accentuated intra-urban inequality through racialisation and spatialisation of financial business and …

Mapping The End Of Coal: How Policy Strength, Ownership, Finance Shape Global Plant Retirements, Jiwon Kim, Theodor Florian Cojoianu, Theodor F. Cojoianu, Maretno Agus Harjoto, Dariusz Wojcik

Research Collection College of Integrative Studies

This study examines how national environmental performance, institutional investor divestment from fossil fuels, investment in renewable energy, and ownership type influence the global phase-out of coal power plants, and whether these effects are constrained by geographical boundaries. Using data on coal plant retirements across 90 countries, we test whether domestic and cross-border factors shape the timing and likelihood of asset closure. We find that companies headquartered in countries with stronger environmental performance are more likely to retire domestic but not foreign plants. While institutional investors divestment is often assumed to exert cross-border influence, our findings show that divestment pressure by …

Leveraging Deep Learning Models And Social Media Data For Enhanced Situation Awareness In Disaster Management, Ademola Abdulganiyu Adesokan

Doctoral Dissertations

"In recent years, social media has become a crucial source of real-time data for disaster management, supporting emergency responses when traditional channels like 911 are overcrowded and overwhelmed. It offers authorities valuable data for developing effective strategies, especially when swift actions are essential to save lives. However, the informal language, ambiguous meanings, and irrelevant content on social media pose challenges to accurate classification and hinder the efficient extraction of disaster-relevant information, leading to inefficiencies in emergency response efforts.

This research focuses on seven key questions: i) How can we detect, classify, and analyze hate and offensive tweet emotions during large-scale …

Collateral Damage And Individual Rights In Armed Conflict, Charles P. Trumbull Iv

Fordham International Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Reciprocation And Redistribution: The Emergence Of The Trade-Development Fault Line In The Contemporary Wto, Tana Johnson

Fordham International Law Journal

This Article argues that: 1) trade and development reflect different mindsets and policy implications; 2) both are deeply embedded in the legal past of the World Trade Organization (WTO); and 3) tensions between them jeopardize the WTO’s policymaking future. At the argument’s core is the contrast between “reciprocation” and “redistribution.” Trade is associated with reciprocation (bargaining and two-way concessions), while development is associated with redistribution (assistance and one- way concessions). The WTO’s predecessor—the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)—initially insisted on reciprocation but relaxed that insistence over time, eventually merging with redistribution-related elements of the defunct Havana Charter to …

The Re-Criminalization Of Sexual Minorities As A Testing Ground For International Human Rights Law In Africa, Matteo M. Winkler & Ilias Bantekas

Fordham International Law Journal

This Article scrutinizes the recently enacted statutes that re- criminalize sexual minorities in Africa from the standpoint of international human rights law (IHRL). These statutes are currently justified under cultural relativism, that is, the idea that African culture abhors homosexuality, which represents a malicious import from the Western world. We argue that the re-criminalization statutes violate IHRL in multiple stances and that in no way are these violations justifiable under cultural relativism. This does not mean that there is no virtue in cultural relativism, but a limit must be fixed to the dehumanization of minorities which is the intended purpose …

Our Humanity At Stake: The Human Costs Of Economic Sanctions For The Sanctioner, Alexandra Hofer

Fordham International Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Spatial Analysis And Machine Learning Integration For Nutritional Status Mapping Using Ann And Random Forest Models, Desi Anis Anggraini, Fachrul Kurniawan, Fresy Nugroho, Meidya Koeshardianto, Mohammad Iqbal Bachtiar

Knowledge Engineering and Data Science

Nutritional problems among children under five remain a major public health challenge. This research seeks to create a spatially oriented system for evaluating and mapping nutritional status utilizing Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Random Forest (RF) algorithms. Data obtained from the Sumenep District Health Office included age, weight, height, and gender variables. Both models were trained using a 70:30 data ratio and evaluated with accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score metrics. The ANN model achieved an accuracy of 95.8%, while the RF model reached 97.7%. Classification results were visualized through a Geographic Information System (GIS) to illustrate spatial distribution and identify …

Time Series Forecasting With Lstm: An Extensive Content Analysis, Andri Pranolo, Xiaofeng Zhou, Yingchi Mao

Knowledge Engineering and Data Science

This paper presents a comprehensive bibliometric and content review of the trend, architecture, and application of long short-term memory (LSTM) models for time series forecasting. The study aims to provide insights into the overall statistics and distribution of papers focused on LSTM for forecasting. Additionally, the research questions address the most highly cited papers based on LSTM approaches in forecasting, the most productive journals in this field, and identifying trends, gaps, summary tasks and their performance, datasets availability, and future research directions for LSTM in forecasting. This paper is a comprehensive review of LSTM for forecasting from 2017 to 2023 …

From Data To Insight: A Machine Learning Approach In Classifying Dairy Cow Productivity Level And Identifying Important Influencing Variables, Fatkhurokhman Fauzi, Achmad Fauzan, Rhendy K P Widiyanto, Khairil Anwar Notodiputro, Bagus Sartono

Knowledge Engineering and Data Science

Identifying influential predictor variables is crucial for enhancing model interpretability in supervised classification. This study applies Permutation Variable Importance (PVI), a model-agnostic approach, to evaluate variable relevance after model fitting. Using data from the 2024 Indonesia Dairy Cow Productivity Survey, this research investigates five classification techniques: (1) Support Vector Machine (SVM), (2) Neural Network (NN), (3) k-Nearest Neighbors (kNN), (4) Naïve Bayes Classifier (NB), and (5) Logistic Regression (LR), to identify which method(s) yield the best performance based on evaluation metrics such as accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. PVI is employed to identify the most influential predictor variables within the best-performing …

A Hybrid Soft Voting And Stacking-Based Meta-Learning Approach For Sentiment Analysis Of Bangkalan Batik, Moh. Imron Wahyudi, Lailil Muflikhah, Rizal Setya Perdana

Knowledge Engineering and Data Science

Sentiment analysis is an important field in Natural Language Processing (NLP) that focuses on processing consumer opinions to gain useful insights. The information generated from sentiment analysis can be used as a basis for business decision-making, service quality evaluation, and the formulation of more effective marketing strategies. In the local context, Bangkalan Batik, as one of Madura's distinctive cultural products, has high economic value and cultural identity. However, consumer reviews available online, for example through Google Maps, are still rarely utilized optimally by MSMEs as a source of strategic information. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop a sentiment classification …

Feature Engineering And Anchor Optimization For Enhancing Faster R-Cnn Detection Of Low-Contrast Steel Surface Defects, Herdianti Darwis, Sitti Nurhalimah, Huzain Azis

Knowledge Engineering and Data Science

Detection of defects on low-contrast steel surfaces, especially crazing and rolled-in-scale, remains a major challenge due to their visual similarity to background patterns. Although state-of-the-art methods have achieved high accuracy through complex architectural adjustments, the contribution of preprocessing techniques has not been thoroughly investigated. This study investigates pre-processing-based improvements to Faster R-CNN by combining Bilateral Filtering to reduce noise, CLAHE to enhance local contrast, CIoU Loss for more effective bounding box regression, and customized anchor settings for irregular defect configurations. Evaluated using the NEU-DET dataset, our BF-CIoU Faster R-CNN model achieved a mAP@50 score of 72.32%, with an AP of …

Cognitive Eeg Differentiation With Hypnosis-Based Noise Reduction And K-Harmonic Means For Personalized Brainwave Modeling, Ahmad Azhari, Dimas Chaerul Ekty Saputra

Knowledge Engineering and Data Science

This study investigates the integration of hypnosis-based noise reduction and K-Harmonic Means (KHM) clustering for personalized brainwave modeling using Electroencephalography (EEG) data. EEG signals were collected from 100 participants using a Neurosky Mindset sensor at the FP1 (prefrontal) location, with each subject performing nine standardized cognitive tasks such as breathing, memory recall, and mathematical problem-solving. Hypnosis was applied not as a filtering method but as a behavioral protocol to standardize subject conditions and minimize physiological and environmental noise. The EEG signals were sampled at 128 Hz and analyzed using KHM clustering with K=4K = 4K=4, resulting in a Silhouette Score …

Comparative Performance Of Vgg16 And Efficientnetb0-Based Transfer Learning For Brain Tumor Classification, Huzain Azis, Rizqi Ananda Jalil, Abdul Rachman Manga'

Knowledge Engineering and Data Science

The classification of brain tumors using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) images is essential for early diagnosis but remains challenging due to tumor diversity. This study evaluates the effectiveness of two distinct architectural approaches for feature extraction: VGG16, representing a classic sequential design, and EfficientNetB0, a modern architecture optimized for parameter efficiency through compound scaling. Using a dataset of 2,870 MRI images categorized into four classes, we implemented a static transfer learning strategy by freezing all pre-trained ImageNet weights to act as fixed feature extractors. Features were extracted from specific layers, the final pooling layer for VGG16 and the Global Average …

Stable Numerical Solution Of An Elliptic Pde Inverse Problem Subject To Incomplete Boundary Conditions, Qasim Abd Ali Tayyeh

Knowledge Engineering and Data Science

This study addresses the challenging problem of solving inverse elliptic Partial Differential Equations (PDE) with incomplete boundary data, data available only on a part of the domain boundary. The aim is to develop a robust, effective numerical framework that consistently recovers parameters and/or sources from incomplete, ill-posed data. In the case of a variational problem discretized by the Finite Element Method (FEM) and solved by an adjoint-based optimization strategy, the framework uses Tikhonov regularization. Morozov's Discrepancy Principle is used to determine regularization parameters that achieve the best balance between accuracy and stability. Even with 5% noise in the measurement data, …

A Bounded Custom Gpt Structures Operational Knowledge For Small-Industry Decision Support, Ikhwan Arief, Alizar Hasan, Nilda Tri Putri, Hafiz Rahmann

Knowledge Engineering and Data Science

Small manufacturing and craft-based firms increasingly use Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) through public chat interfaces, low-cost tools, and informal experimentation. However, these firms often make operational decisions with incomplete records, tacit owner knowledge, fragmented spreadsheets, and limited managerial capacity. Under such conditions, open-ended chatbots may generate fluent but unsafe recommendations by overlooking missing information, contradictory evidence, feasibility constraints, and implementation constraints. This study presents Asisten Cerdas Industri Kecil as a bounded Custom GPT artifact for operational diagnosis, priority selection, and short-horizon action planning in small industries. Using a Design Science Research approach, the study develops a documented artifact corpus comprising …

Is There A Regulator In The Polish Electronic Delivery Market? The Role Of The President Of Uke, Mateusza Chołodecki

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

This paper examines the regulatory role of the President of the Office of Electronic Communications (UKE) within the electronic delivery market in Poland, focusing specifically on the statutory competencies granted by the Electronic Delivery Act. The paper identifies significant limitations of the President of UKE’s current regulatory scope, by analysing these competencies and their alignment with Poland’s postal and telecommunications regulatory frameworks. The analysis reveals that the regulatory powers of the President UKE that concern electronic delivery services are narrowly defined, primarily covering oversight over tariffs, T&Cs, and operator designation, without broader supervisory authority or clearly articulated regulatory objectives. Consequently, …