Digital Commons Network^™

Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids And Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among Adults In Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study, Sarah N. Alsharif, Doaa A. Alyoubi, Wadyan R. Alzahrani, Sali M. Alamoudi, Abeer A. Aljahdali

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Medical Sciences

Background: Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are a potential modifiable factor in cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. There is a dearth in the knowledge on PUFA knowledge and dietary intake among Saudis.

Objectives: The study aimed to assess PUFA knowledge and dietary intakes among Saudi Arabian adults with CVD risk factors. Furthermore, the sociodemographic and lifestyle factors related to PUFAs knowledge were investigated, shedding light on the factors associated with PUFAs.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was done on 211 adults. The level of PUFAs knowledge was assessed using six close-ended questions, and a correct answer was worth one point. PUFAs intake was …

Vocal Hygiene Practices Among Primary School Teachers In Jeddah City, Ghadah G. Alharbi

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Medical Sciences

Background: Hygiene practices among primary school teachers in Jeddah City, focusing on their academic qualifications, teaching experience, and knowledge of vocal hygiene.

Methods: A digital questionnaire prepared using Google Forms was posted online with a description and distributed electronically to primary school teachers in Jeddah City. It consisted of 14 items, which were developed to achieve the study’s objectives.

Results: The results show high averages for "Reducing the noise in the classroom" (3.48), while "I use the microphone in large classes" is ranked last, with an average of 1.28. In addition, the results show that 38% know where to seek …

The Importance Of Measuring Quality Of Life For Orthognathic Patients, Shoroog H. Agou, Salma H. Ghoneim

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Medical Sciences

Orthognathic surgery is increasingly recognized for its dual role in correcting jaw and facial deformities and significantly enhancing patients' quality of life (QoL). Historically, the evaluation of orthognathic surgery has focused on clinical outcomes such as occlusion and aesthetics. However, recent research emphasizes the broader impact on psychosocial and functional aspects of well-being. This literature review explores the QoL outcomes following orthognathic surgery, highlighting both short- and long-term improvements in domains such as self-esteem, social confidence, and oral function. The Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ) and other validated patient- reported outcome measures (PROMs) are discussed as essential tools for …

Navigating Identity Tensions And Emotional Struggles: Indonesian Pre-Service Teachers In The Teaching Practicum, Afrianto Daud, Minh Hue Nguyen, Raqib Chowdhury

The Qualitative Report

Despite the critical role of teaching practicums in teacher education, little is known about how pre-service teachers navigate emotional tensions in Indonesia. In this study, we aim to explore the nature of tensions and emotional struggles pre-service teachers face and their coping mechanisms. Seven pre-service teachers from the English Education department at an Indonesian public university were purposefully selected. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews before the practicum and a focused group discussion after the program. Semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were used to capture rich, in-depth accounts of participants’ experiences, while thematic analysis provided a structured approach to …

Physical And Mechanical Properties Of Powder Injection Moulded 316l Stainless Steel Titanium-Copper Alloy, Lucas Lim Sheng Onn, Faiz Ahmad, Saad Ali

Platform: A Journal of Engineering (PAJE)

316L-Ti-Cu alloy was developed with two variations of copper at 1 vol% and 3 vol% through powder injection moulding to investigate the influence of copper on the alloy. This alloy has not been researched before and is expected to serve as an alternative for implants that possess beneficial antibacterial effects from copper, which can mitigate infection-related issues that occur during orthopaedic surgery. Two sintering environments will be conducted which are under vacuum and under argon-5% hydrogen, to ascertain the optimal properties of the alloy. The main reason behind the different sintering atmospheres is to prevent the oxidation of copper, which …

The Impact Of The European Excellence Model (Efqm 2020) On Organizational Sustainability (A Field Study On Saudi Aramco Refinery Management Employees In Yanbu), Aeshah Hamed Alsulami, Suzan Mohammed Alqurashi

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture

This study was carried out aimed to identify the impact of applying the European Excellence Model (EFQM) (orientation, implementation, results) in the management of the Saudi Aramco Refinery at Yanbu on the level of organizational sustainability in its dimensions (economic, environmental, sociality). The descriptive analytical approach was used in describing the phenomenon and analyzing its data and the relationship between its components. The data was collected using a questionnaire from a sample of (257) employees, out of a total study population of (759) employees in the management of the Saudi Aramco Yanbu Refinery. The results showed that the level of …

Strategies It Managers Use To Manage Remote Teams In The Medical Industry, Sonia Raj Gandham

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Healthcare IT managers experience significant challenges while leading remote teams, as they must maintain secure communication practices and regulatory compliance while achieving high-performance standards. Organizations without proper strategies face data breaches and productivity losses that harm operational performance and patient care, leading to legal troubles and reputational harm. Grounded in adaptive structuration theory (AST), this qualitative pragmatic study explored successful remote team management strategies among U.S. healthcare IT managers with five or more years of experience. AST provided the theoretical lens to examine how technology and organizational structures interact in distributed work environments. Interviews with six participants were analyzed thematically …

Optimizing The Processing Temperature For Synthesis Of Silver Nanoparticles Within Cellulose-Wool Keratin Supramolecular Matrix Using Butylmethylimmidazolium Chloride Ionic Liquid, Ngesa E. Mushi

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

To date, the synthesis of silver nanoparticles on the surface of cellulose and wool keratin biopolymer, while dissolved in ionic liquid, is attractive because of its biomedical potential. However, the optimal processing temperature for the nanoparticle formation is unclear. The previously reported temperature of approximately 120°C gives unpredictable results. The current study employs a combination of 50% cellulose and 50% keratin, along with 69 mg of silver chloride, in Butylmethylimidazolium Chloride BMImCl ionic liquid, using a single-pot process to produce a supramolecular film via non-derivatized mechanochemical interactions. The primary objective is to experimentally establish the processing temperature to achieve stable …

The Complementary Use Of Soft System Methodology In Developing Msmes Tax Policy: Case Study Msmes In Cirebon, Dewi Syafrani, Elsie Kasim, Fitria Arianty, Marsdenia Marsdenia

Jurnal Vokasi Indonesia

This research analyze the use of the Soft System Methodology (SSM) method in designing tax policies for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Integrating the SSM approach with tax policy analysis, this research aims to investigate the complex dynamics that influence the development of MSMEs. By considering diverse stakeholder perspectives, this research identifies the needs, interests, and constraints involved in formulating effective tax policies for the MSME sector. The result is that increasing MSME tax compliance requires targeted education to improve awareness and understanding of tax obligations. Simplifying tax administration and balancing sanctions with supportive measures can encourage compliance without …

Leveraging Lime For Trustworthy Apple Quality Assessment, İsmail Kırbaş, Ahmet Çifci

Platform: A Journal of Engineering (PAJE)

This study explores the integration of machine learning (ML) models and explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) techniques to enhance the accuracy and transparency of apple quality assessment. Leveraging the Apple Quality dataset from Kaggle, we evaluated the performance of random forest (RF), logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), and eXtreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) across accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score metrics. Among these models, RF demonstrated superior performance, achieving an accuracy of 87.6%, underscoring its robustness in managing complex feature interactions. A novel contribution of this study lies in employing the local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME) method to elucidate model predictions, …

Idling Vehicles: Practices And Perceptions Among Malaysian Drivers, Paul Ting Hock King, Shaharin Anwar Sulaiman

Platform: A Journal of Engineering (PAJE)

Although modern cars may not require long warming up, the practice of long engine idling has long been accepted by drivers as vital for various reasons, usually by old traditions. The practice, which can shorten the life of engines, in addition to wasting fuel and causing harm to the environment, is commonly found in Malaysia. However, no statistics are available on this detrimental practice, rendering it challenging to determine the essential corrective measures for society. This study aimed to examine the habits of Malaysian drivers concerning car warming-up and idling practices, with the goal of identifying potential strategies to promote …

Trump's Trade Offensive And The Gulf Response: Navigating A New Era Of Us-Middle East Economic Relation, Maudy Noor Fadhlia, Zhillan Zhalila Fahlevi

Journal Of Middle East and Islamic Studies

In 2025, the Trump administration implemented sweeping tariff measures as part of its "America First" trade agenda. While aimed broadly at correcting trade imbalances, these policies have had significant ripple effects on Middle Eastern economies, particularly in the Gulf. The objective is to examine how the Trump administration’s tariff regime constitutes a deliberate exercise in economic statecraft and how Gulf states are responding to preserve economic sovereignty and geopolitical relevance. The methodology involves qualitative research method and collecting the data through documents. The paper distinguishes the U.S. tariff regime through the lens of economic coercion, categorizing these tariffs as strategic …

Islamic Approach Analysis Sustainable Development: The Role Of Geopolitical Risk On Environmental In Indonesia, Basri -. Basri, Muh. Asharif Suleman

Journal Of Middle East and Islamic Studies

Studi ini mengkaji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pembangunan berkelanjutan di Indonesia, dengan fokus pada kualitas lingkungan melalui perspektif Islam. Di tengah dinamika geopolitik global, risiko-risiko tersebut secara signifikan mempengaruhi kebijakan dan praktik lingkungan. Pendekatan Islam menawarkan kerangka kerja yang khas dengan mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai etika, spiritual, dan sosial ke dalam tata kelola lingkungan. Dengan menggunakan data deret waktu dari tahun 1992–2022 dan Model Koreksi Kesalahan Vektor (VECM), penelitian ini menganalisis hubungan jangka pendek dan jangka panjang antara risiko geopolitik, ketegasan kebijakan lingkungan, dan modal manusia terhadap kualitas lingkungan. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa risiko geopolitik memiliki efek jangka pendek yang signifikan tetapi tidak berdampak …

Ukrainian Orthodox Church Clerics And Activists Under Suspicion, Under Investigation, Sanctioned, Detained, And/Or Convicted For Collaboration With Russia Or For Promotion Of Russian War Narratives, Mark R. Elliott

Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe

The Context

On August 20, 2024, President Volodymyr Zelensky signed Bill #8371, “On the Protection of the Constitutional Order in the Sphere of Activity of Religious Organizations,” passed by the Verkhovna Rada, Ukraine’s legislature. As a measure of wartime national security its provisions include a ban on the staunchly pro-Putin Russian Orthodox Church. It also requires the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (UOC), historically subordinate to the Moscow Patriarchate, to sever all ties with its parent church and to prevent its congregations from abetting the Russian war effort against Ukraine.

Cox Communications, Inc. V. Sony Music Entertainment, No. 24-171 (U.S. June 30, 2025), Charles Duan

Amicus Briefs & Court Filings

Under the Copyright Act, “[a]nyone who violates any of the exclusive rights of the copyright owner . . . is an infringer of the copyright." 17 U.S.C. §501(a). This Court has also recognized two categories of secondary liability, which means liability for the copyright infringement of another. Those two categories are “contributory” liability and “vicarious” liability. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd., 545 U. S. 913, 930. This case concerns contributory liability, which requires that a provider intended its service to be used for infringement. A copyright owner can show the requisite intent in two ways. First, it can show …

"I Have A Very Particular Set Of Skills": Special Cataloging Approaches For Special Collections., Sasha Frizzell, Erin Labove, Natasha Zaleski

Library Scholarship

Cataloging special collections materials requires specialized training that is not always readily available to catalogers. This presentation will explain the workflows and resources used by three different librarians to catalog materials with unique challenges: community cookbooks, government documents, and archival scrapbooks. Participants will gain the knowledge and confidence to catalog niche material types as this presentation introduces specialized MARC fields, databases, websites, controlled vocabularies, and descriptive standards to use as part of their cataloging toolkit.

Final Insufficiently Reclaimed Sites Quality Assurance Project Plan (Qapp), Pioneer Technical Services, Inc.

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Production And Characterization Of Biodiesel From Malapari Seed Oil (Pongamia Pinnata L.): Evaluation Of Quality Parameters Based On The Indonesian National Standard (Sni) 04-7182-2015, Desi Adriyanti Nina Taebenu, Ni Luh Arpiwi, Ida Ayu Astarini

Makara Journal of Science

This study produced biodiesel from Malapari seed oil (Pongamia pinnata L.) by optimizing the esterification and transesterification processes. The objectives of this study were to determine the sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) catalyst concentration in the esterification reaction that can reduc the free fatty acid (FFA) content of the seed oil to ≤2%, analyze the oil to methanol molar ratio (i.e.,1:6, 1:9, and 1:12) and KOH concentration (i.e.,2%, 4%, and 6%) that will produce the highest biodiesel yield, and evaluate the quality of the produced biodiesel according to the Indonesian National Standar (SNI) 04-7182-2015. The research was …

Effect Of Sorbitol Plasticizer On Bioplastics Properties Based On Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (Opefb) And Jackfruit Seed Starch, Nia Sasria, Vita Nur Afifah, Gusti Umindya Nur Tajalla

Makara Journal of Science

In bioplastics, natural materials that are easily decomposed are used to minimize plastic waste. In this research, the compositions used were cellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB), jackfruit seed starch, and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a filler with sorbitol as a plasticizer. This study aimed to analyze the effect of a sorbitol plasticizer on bioplastic properties. The study began by extracting jackfruit seed starch and OPEFB cellulose. Subsequently, bioplastics were prepared by varying sorbitol, namely 0 (S – 0), 0.5 mL (S – 0.5), 1 mL (S – 1), and 1.5 ml (S – 1.5), with CMC 20%. …

Phase Ii Basket Trial Of Dual Anti-Ctla-4 And Anti-Pd-1 Blockade In Rare Tumors (Dart) Swog S1609: Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasm (Pnen) Cohort, Sandip Pravin Patel, Jillian Fisher, Young Kwang Chae, Luisa Solis Soto, Anup Kasi, Bhavana Konda, Mark Walshauser, Edwin Parra, Jiexin Zhang, Caroline Duault, Edgar Gonzalez-Kozlova, Ganiraju Manyam, Jianhua Zhang, Hong Chen, Dzifa Yawa Duose, Caddie Laberiano Fernandez, Raja Luthra, Gheath Al-Atrash, Seunghee Kim-Schulze, Holden T Maecker, Ignacio I Wistuba, Sacha Gnjatic, J Jack Lee, Jianjun Zhang, Christine M Magner, Helen X Chen, Elad Sharon, Megan Othus, Christopher W Ryan, Charles Blanke, Cara L Haymaker, Razelle Kurzrock

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Purpose: SWOG S1609 Dual Anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 blockade in Rare Tumors (DART) studied the efficacy of ipilimumab combined with nivolumab across multiple rare tumor types. We report the results of the pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (PNEN) cohort.

Experimental design: Treatment consisted of ipilimumab 1 mg/kg intravenously every 6 weeks with nivolumab 240 mg intravenously every 2 weeks. The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR) (Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid TumorsRECIST V.1.1). Secondary endpoints include progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and toxicity. Clinical benefit rate (includes ORR plus stable disease (SD)>6 months was examined. Correlative …

Feedback Parameters For A Closed-Loop Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Model Of The Upper Limb, Ian Syndergaard, Daniel B. Free, Dario Farina, Steven Knight Charles

Faculty Publications

Both closed-loop models and multi-input multi-output (MIMO) models of the neuromusculoskeletal system of the upper limb are important for simulating and understanding motor control. Yet no large-scale linear neuromusculoskeletal models of the upper limb that are both closed-loop and MIMO have been developed. The primary difficulty in creating such models is choosing appropriate feedback parameters (such as feedback gains and delays), as such a collection of parameters is not available in the literature. The purpose of this work is to 1) present a method for developing MIMO models of short-loop afferent feedback and 2) offer estimates of average feedback parameter …

Advancements In Mooring Systems For The Oe35 Wave Energy Converter: Dynamic Design And Validation, Chenyu Zhao, Faryal Khalid, Tony Lewis, Sean Barrett, Brian Mcswiney, Rémy Cr. Pascal, Bernardo Kahn, Lars Johanning

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

This research presents a comprehensive analysis of the mooring system design for the 1 MW OE35 wave energy converter, which is being developed by the WEDUSEA project. The study centres on the dynamic analysis of mooring configurations using Orcaflex software to simulate the environmental and operational conditions expected at the deployment site. The analysis involved an iterative design and validation process, refined through both numerical modelling and basin testing. These tank tests were crucial for validating the Orcaflex model outcomes by providing a controlled environment to observe the physical behaviours of the proposed mooring configurations under simulated sea conditions. The …

Establishing Priorities For Clinical Education Research: Exploring The Views Of Uk Professional And Public Stakeholders, Bryan Burford, Peter Yeates, Anna Harvey Bluemel, Sophie Park, John Sandars, Cecily Henry, Clare Corness-Parr, Richard Conn, Tom Gale, Tim O'Brien, Rikki Goddard-Fuller, Gill Vance, Janice Ellis

Peninsula Medical School

IntroductionHigh quality clinical education research is required to ensure optimal education and training of healthcare professionals. Such research should address stakeholder needs and have a clear route to achieving benefit. We conducted the first UK-wide priority setting exercise for clinical education research to identify research priorities and how they are determined.MethodsWe used a two-stage process, derived from similar studies, to identify the research priorities of stakeholders including funders, regulators, educators and public representatives. Stage one consisted of two rounds of online surveys, gathering free-text suggestions of priorities and rating the resulting statements. A public engagement author advised on wording. Stage …

Determinan Perilaku Minum Tablet Tambah Darah Pada Remaja Putri Menurut Health Belief Model: Studi Kualitatif, Tuti Surtimanah, Irfan Nafis Sjamsuddin

Perilaku dan Promosi Kesehatan: Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior

Background. In 2018, 48.9% of adolescent girls in Indonesia were diagnosed with anemia. Knowledge about the definition, symptoms, and prevention of anemia, including the correct use of Iron Supplement Tablets (IST), is essential in the prevention of anemia. A deeper understanding of these behaviors is necessary to formulate effective educational messages. The Health Belief Model (HBM) is often used to explore and understand preventive behaviors.

Aim. To explore the determinants and practices of IST consumption among adolescent girls.

Method. This descriptive qualitative study used a phenomenological approach. Participants were selected purposively from adolescent girls. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, …

Erratum: Culture Harder: Use More Specimen To Increase Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Culture Yield Relative To Pcr, Arvette E. Mitchell, Arpit P. Patel, Jennifer Dicandilo, Zachary W. Rebollido, Matthew Pettengill

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

During the copyediting stage of production an error was introduced to the title of this article. This resulted in misspelling of the word ‘specimen’ in the title of the published version of the record. The correct title is ‘Culture harder: use more specimen to increase methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus culture yield relative to PCR.’

Previously the title was ‘Culture harder: use more specimens to increase methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus culture yield relative to PCR.’

The version of record was updated to reflect this correction.

We apologise for the inconvenience.

Source Origins Of Hunter-Harvested Waterfowl In Arkansas And Louisiana, Shannon C. Stemaly

LSU Master's Theses

Understanding variability in breeding origins of harvested waterfowl is important for effective population management and regional conservation. Band-recovery data are often used to estimate harvest derivation and inform resource allocation for cross-seasonal conservation. However, uneven spatial and temporal banding effort across species' breeding ranges may result in an incomplete understanding of summer origins and recruitment, particularly if portions of the breeding range are inaccessible. Analysis of stable-hydrogen isotope ratios in duck feathers (δ²H_f) provides an alternative method for identifying source origins of unmarked populations since environmental deuterium values follow a predictable latitudinal gradient across North …

"Holy Cow, Where Do I Sign Up?" Attitudes Of Military Veterans Toward Epigenomic Biomarker Toxic Exposure Testing, Stacey Pereira, Calvin Apodaca, Kyle Slominski, Rachele K Lipsky, Cristian Coarfa, Cheryl L Walker, Amy L Mcguire, Lea Steele, Drew A Helmer

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Introduction: After the Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson Honoring Our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics (PACT) Act in 2022, there has been a great interest in studying toxic exposures encountered during military service. Development of epigenomic biomarkers for exposures could facilitate understanding of exposure-related health effects, but such testing could also provide unwanted information.

Materials and methods: We explored attitudes toward epigenomic biomarker research and the potential to test for past exposures using semistructured interviews with Veterans (n = 22) who experienced potentially harmful exposures.

Results: Twenty Veterans said they would hypothetically want to receive …

Lurasidone For Pediatric Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review, Alexia Koukopoulos, Claudia Calderoni, Georgios D Kotzalidis, Tommaso Callovini, Lorenzo Moccia, Silvia Montanari, Gianna Autullo, Alessio Simonetti, Mario Pinto, Giovanni Camardese, Gabriele Sani, Delfina Janiri

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background/Objectives: Lurasidone ((3aR,4S,7R,7aS)-2-{(1R,2R)-2-[4-(1,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-ylmethyl]cyclohexylmethyl}hexahydro-4,7-methano-2H-isoindole-1,3-dione) is a second-generation antipsychotic approved for schizophrenia and mood disorders. Adolescents and children with bipolar disorder receive treatments that expose them to weight gain and metabolic syndrome. Lurasidone is relatively free from such side effects, so it may constitute a useful alternative for the treatment of these patients. We focused on the use of lurasidone in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder.

Methods: On 11 June 2025, we used the following strategy on PubMed: lurasidone AND ("bipolar disorder" OR "bipolar depression" OR mania OR manic). We filtered for humans and ages 0-18 years and included …

Spinoplastic Surgery: A Review Of Techniques, Indications, And Optimal Patient Selection, Daniel Vernik, Camryn Payne, Krishna Sinha, Casey Martinez, Walter Nicholas Jungbauer, Jonathan L Jeger, Michael Bohl, Alexander E Ropper, Sebastian Winocour, Edward Reece

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background/Objectives: Spinoplastic surgery is an emerging multidisciplinary field developed to address and reduce the complication of pseudoarthrosis following complex spinal reconstructions. While the number of spinal fusion procedures continues to rise every year, fusion failure rates remain as high as 40%. Although pseudoarthrosis may not always manifest clinically, it remains a leading cause of persistent pain and need for subsequent revision surgeries. The multidisciplinary collaboration between spine and plastic surgeons in spinoplastic surgery has therefore emerged as a proactive strategy aimed at preventing complications, particularly in patients identified as high-risk for pseudoarthrosis. As the patient population expands and spinoplastic surgery …

Hydration Status And Acute Kidney Injury Biomarkers In Ncaa Female Soccer Athletes During Preseason Conditioning, Daniel E Newmire, Erica M Filep, Jordan B Wainwright, Heather E Webb, Darryn S Willoughby

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Exercise training in extreme temperatures concurrent with hypohydration status may potentiate the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) in young, healthy persons.

Background/Objectives: It is unknown how repeated training bouts in ambient higher temperatures and humidity may influence measures of AKI. The purpose of this study was to investigate hydration status and renal biomarkers related to AKI in NCAA Division I female soccer athletes during preseason conditioning.

Methods: A convenience sample of n = 21 athletes were recruited (mean ± SEM; age: 19.3 ± 0.25 y; height: 169.6 ± 1.36 cm; mass: 68.43 ± 2.46 kg; lean body …