Digital Commons Network^™

Sensor Lag Adjustments On A Mobile Meteorological Cart In Tropical Environments: A Case Study From An Urban Park In Singapore, Moshe Eliezer Mandelmilch, Sin Kang Yik, Beatrice H. Ho, Graces N. Y. Ching, Peter J. Crank, Winston T. L. Chow

Research Collection College of Integrative Studies

This study adds to the growing literature on mobile platforms by examining the performance of the Singapore MaRTy (SMaRTy) in conducting mobile micrometeorological measurements along a designated route in an urban park in Singapore, reflecting a pedestrian walking experience. The main objective of the study was to calculate the sensor lag for the mobile climate measurements: Air Temperature (TA), and Relative Humidity (RH) of SMaRTy along a designated route in an urban park in Singapore based on data from fixed stations (HOBO sensors) in two significant synoptic meteorological periods during the Northeast and Southwest monsoons. Statistically significant regression models were …

Going Gray Too Early? Effects Of Color On Facial Identification, Roman M. Pardo

Masters Theses (Archived)

This study investigated a possible bias in face-matching and ID-screening decision making- color incongruity (i.e., one face image presented in color and one in grayscale). Expanding on previous research, the 2x2 mixed methods experiment incorporated eye tracking measures (i.e., fixations). Participants N= 25 were randomly assigned to compare color or grayscale IDs (between groups comparison) to a 10 s color video of a person moving their head side to side. The task consisted of 2 practice and 48 face-matching trials with medium prevalence (MP, 24 match, 24 mismatch) presented as one of four pseudo-random and counterbalanced orders. Signal detection …

Do Supplier Ceo's National Cultural Origins Affect Supplier-Customer Relationships?, Peng Liang, Hasan Cavusoglu, Nan Hu

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

This study investigates how the national cultural origins of supplier chief executive officers (CEOs), as characterized by Hofstede’s cross-cultural dimensions, influence the duration of supplier–customer relationships. By analyzing the cultural origins of supplier CEOs from 20 countries over a 25-year period, we find that supplier CEOs with high long-term orientation (LTO) and high uncertainty avoidance (UNA) are associated with longer lasting supplier–customer relationships, while those with high individualism (IND) are associated with shorter relationship durations. These findings are robust to several alternative explanations of customer and supplier CEO variables. To address potential endogeneity—specifically, the concern that CEOs with certain cultural …

Dynamic Postural Stability And Asymmetry In Thigh Circumference And Single-Leg Hop Test Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, Aguri Kamitani, Derrick M Knapik, Matthew V Smith, John Motley, Sina Tartibi, Amanda Haas, Rick Wright, Matthew J Matava, Robert H Brophy

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: To evaluate changes in limb symmetry index (LSI) in thigh circumference and single-leg hop for distance (SLHD) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) out to 18 months postoperatively and their association to changes in dynamic postural stability after ACLR out to 24 months.

METHODS: Patients were prospectively enroled after ACLR and followed up at 3-month intervals. Thigh circumference was measured preoperatively out to 18 months postoperatively, dynamic postural stability out to 24 months, and SLHD from 6 to 18 months following ACLR. LSI was calculated from the thigh circumference and SLHD measurements. Dynamic postural stability (DPS) was measured on …

Unraveling Nonperturbative Qcd With Transverse Momentum Hadronic Structures, Tommaso Rainaldi

Physics Theses & Dissertations

The main purpose of this thesis is to investigate the theoretical foundations of the factorization theorems that involve transverse quark and gluon momentum distributions, and to better understand the interface between foundational questions and phenomenological applications. Many of these applications involve using transverse parton momentum dependent (TMD) correlation functions as tools for probing the complex nonperturbative structures of the hadrons.

We first introduce the concepts of collinear and TMD factorization in a toy-model theory and, by leveraging the comparative simplicity of such a model, we test the range of validity and limitations of the factorization approach. At the same time, …

Using Radium Isotopes To Compare Nutrient Inputs Via Submarine Groundwater Discharge To Offshore Export On The West Florida Shelf, Andrew L. Lindgren

OES Theses and Dissertations

Radium isotopes have been used to trace submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and associated nutrient and metal inputs into the coastal ocean. They have also been used to estimate rates of diffusive mixing and export fluxes of dissolved constituents offshore. However, use of both approaches in tandem to determine the fate of groundwater inputs after they enter the coastal ocean is still relatively unexplored. Radium isotopes and nutrients were measured in two cross-shelf cruises on the West Florida Shelf in different seasons and in quarterly sampling of offshore wells. Through 226Ra mass balance and 223Ra-derived diffusive mixing rates, inputs of nutrients …

Identification Of Authentic Gnss Signals In Time-Differenced Carrier-Phase Measurements With A Software-Defined Radio Receiver, Zhen Zhu, Sanjeev Gunawardena, Eric Vinande, Jason Pontious

Faculty Publications

The time-differenced carrier phase can be computed from measurements recorded by a multi-global navigation satellite system software-defined radio receiver such as PyChips, from which the user displacement and receiver clock drift can be solved. PyChips is able to simultaneously track authentic and inauthentic signals in separate channels, which makes it possible to observe both types of measurements with corresponding navigation data. A random sample consensus algorithm has been introduced to assess the consistency between the measurements and data. This algorithm successfully separated authentic channels from inauthentic channels when they are broadcast simultaneously.

Protocol To Detect M22g Modification On Single Trna Iso-Decoders By Immuno-Northern Blotting, Sseu-Pei Hwang, Katherine Barondeau, Catherine Denicourt

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

tRNA modifications are highly dynamic and play crucial roles in regulating gene expression. Here, we present an assay for analyzing N2, N2-dimethylguanosine (m22G) modifications on tRNAs using an antibody-based detection approach. We describe steps for isolating tRNAs from human cells via ion-exchange chromatography, capturing specific tRNA iso-decoders on streptavidin magnetic beads, and detecting modifications through immuno-northern blotting. This approach enables researchers to investigate other tRNA modifications using specific antibodies or downstream approaches such as mass spectrometry.

Childhood Obesity Body Mass Index And Gut Microbiome: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Pilot Feasibility Study, Marilyn Frenn, Nita Salzman, Vy Lam, Mary Holtz, Andrea Moosreiner, Mauricio Garnier-Villarreal, Maharaj Singh

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Background:

Prebiotic fiber has been examined as a way to foster gut bacteria less associated with obesity. Tests of prebiotic fiber in reducing obesity have occurred mainly in animals, adults, and Caucasians when the highest obesity rates are in African American and Latinx youth. Response to prebiotic fiber is determined by the pre-existing intestinal microbiota. The type of microbiota varies based on diet and physical activity (PA), so it is important to examine acceptability and response to prebiotic fiber in those most at risk for obesity.

Methods:

This cluster randomized controlled feasibility trial included an online program designed to improve …

Crem Is A Regulatory Checkpoint Of Car And Il-15 Signalling In Nk Cells, Hind Rafei, Rafet Basar, Sunil Acharya, Yu-Sung Hsu, Pinghua Liu, Deqiang Zhang, Toszka Bohn, Qingnan Liang, Vakul Mohanty, Ranjan Upadhyay, Ping Li, Pravin Phadatare, Merve Dede, Donghai Xiong, Huihui Fan, Corry Mathew Jones, Sebastian Kunz, May Daher, Ana Karen Nunez Cortes, Mayra Shanley, Bin Liu, Sadie Mae Moseley, Chenyu Zhang, Dexing Fang, Pinaki Banerjee, Nadima Uprety, Ye Li, Rejeena Shrestha, Xinhai Wan, Hong Shen, Vernikka Woods, April Lamour Gilbert, Seema Rawal, Jinzhuang Dou, Yukun Tan, Jeong-Min Park, Francia Reyes Silva, Alexander Biederstädt, Mecit Kaplan, Xin Ru Jiang, Inci Biederstädt, Bijender Kumar, Silvia Tiberti, Madison Moore, Jingling Jin, Ryan Z Yang, Luis Muniz-Feliciano, Samuel Rosemore, Paul Lin, Gary M Deyter, Natalie Wall Fowlkes, Abhinav K Jain, David Marin, Anirban Maitra, Ken Chen, Tobias Bopp, Elizabeth J Shpall, Katayoun Rezvani

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) natural killer (NK) cell immunotherapy offers a promising approach against cancer1-3. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate CAR-NK cell activity remain unclear. Here we identify the transcription factor cyclic AMP response element modulator (CREM) as a crucial regulator of NK cell function. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a significant induction of CREM in CAR-NK cells during the peak of effector function after adoptive transfer in a tumour mouse model, and this peak coincided with signatures of both activation and dysfunction. We demonstrate that both CAR activation and interleukin-15 signalling rapidly induce CREM upregulation in NK cells. Functionally, CREM …

Autologous T Cell Therapy For Prame, Martin Wermke, Dejka M Araujo, Manik Chatterjee, Apostolia M Tsimberidou, Tobias A W Holderried, Amir A Jazaeri, Ran Reshef, Carsten Bokemeyer, Winfried Alsdorf, Katrin Wetzko, Peter Brossart, Katrin Aslan, Linus Backert, Sebastian Bunk, Jens Fritsche, Swapna Gulde, Silvana Hengler, Norbert Hilf, Mohammad B Hossain, Jens Hukelmann, Mamta Kalra, Delfi Krishna, M Alper Kursunel, Dominik Maurer, Andrea Mayer-Mokler, Regina Mendrzyk, Ali Mohamed, Karine Pozo, Arun Satelli, Marilena Letizia, Heiko Schuster, Oliver Schoor, Claudia Wagner, Hans-Georg Rammensee, Carsten Reinhardt, Harpreet Singh-Jasuja, Steffen Walter, Toni Weinschenk, Jason J Luke, Cedrik M Britten

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

In contrast to chimeric antigen receptor T cells, T cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cells can target intracellular tumor-associated antigens crucial for treating solid tumors. However, most trials published so far show limited clinical activity. Here we report interim data from a first-in-human, multicenter, open-label, 3 + 3 dose-escalation/de-escalation phase 1 trial studying IMA203, an autologous preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME)-directed TCR T cell therapy in HLA-A*02+ patients with PRAME+ recurrent and/or refractory solid tumors, including melanoma and sarcoma. Primary objectives include the evaluation of safety and tolerability and the determination of the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and/or recommended dose …

Adapt-Marketplace - A Web-Application For Xml-Based Template Sharing In Radiation Oncology, Dennis N Stanley, Joseph Harms, Gaurav N Rathi, Joel A Pogue, Ritish Nedunoori, John B Fiveash, Richard A Popple, Carlos E Cardenas

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: The adaption of radiotherapy (RT) plans in response to anatomical and physiological changes during treatment marks a significant shift toward personalized cancer care. However, the complexity of Online Adaptive Radiotherapy (OART) procedures often leads to variability in treatment quality across institutions. The development of planning templates, particularly through the Ethos treatment planning system (TPS) and Intelligent Optimization Engine (IOE) (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA), plays a crucial role in standardizing and streamlining OART. To address the challenges of sharing and optimizing treatment templates across diverse clinical environments, we developed the ADaptive rAdiotherapy Planning Template (ADAPT-) Marketplace to facilitate …

The State Of The Science Of Natural Family Planning: A Report From Nfp Scientists’ Meeting Held In Orlando, Fl, September 4, 2024, Michael D. Manhart, Richard J. Fehring

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

A one-day meeting was held as a pre-conference to the Catholic Medical Association Annual Educational event in 2024. A panel of eighteen physicians, scientists, and researchers involved in NFP work was convened to review the available evidence in four topical areas: (i) evidence for effectiveness of NFP methods to postpone and achieve pregnancy, (ii) evidence for effectiveness in the postpartum and perimenopause transition periods, (iii) evaluate the current state of technology in NFP (specifically app and quantitative hormone monitoring), and (iv) evidence examining the impact of NFP on marital relations. In each topical area, the panel worked to reach a …

The Landscape Of Malignant Transition: Unraveling Cancer Cell-Of-Origin And Heterogeneous Tissue Microenvironment, Ruihan Luo, Jiajia Liu, Tiangang Wang, Weiling Zhao, Yanfei Wang, Jianguo Wen, Hongyu Wang, Shanli Ding, Xiaobo Zhou

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Understanding disease progression and sophisticated tumor ecosystems is imperative for investigating tumorigenesis mechanisms and developing novel prevention strategies. Here, we dissected heterogeneous microenvironments during malignant transitions by leveraging data from 1396 samples spanning 13 major tissues. Within transitional stem-like subpopulations highly enriched in precancers and cancers, we identified 30 recurring cellular states strongly linked to malignancy, including hypoxia and epithelial senescence, revealing a high degree of plasticity in epithelial stem cells. By characterizing dynamics in stem-cell crosstalk with the microenvironment along the pseudotime axis, we found differential roles of ANXA1 at different stages of tumor development. In precancerous stages, reduced …

When Money Isn't Money: The Second Circuit's Gutting Of The Discharge-For-Value Defense For Erroneous Payments, Jeanne L. Schroeder

Articles

No abstract provided.

The Safe Harbor For Leveraged Buyouts In Bankruptcy, David G. Carlson

Articles

No abstract provided.

Telogen Effluvium And Anesthesia Considerations: A Case Report., Elizabeth Johnson-Gray, Samantha A Currier, Hanen Fernandez, Matt Brown, Matthias Franzen

Ambulatory and Primary Care Articles

Telogen effluvium is a form of non-scarring hair loss characterized by premature shedding of hair. Pathophysiologically, telogen effluvium occurs when a significant number of hair follicles prematurely enter the telogen phase, resulting in excessive shedding. The exact mechanism is unclear, but it is believed to involve alterations in the hair follicle's growth cycle, possibly mediated by illness, infection, major surgery, low protein intake, or hormonal changes. Some medications can also be linked to this disease, such as beta blockers, carbamazepine, and vitamin A. When affected hairs are in the resting phase, noticeable hair shedding occurs. Our patient was a 61-year-old …

A Case Report Of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation After Intrauterine Fetal Demise., Gabrielle A Agcaoili, Kyriaki V Schooley, Elizabeth Johnson-Gray, Vincent Relli-Dempsey, Greeshma Allareddy

Women’s Health Articles

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a rare, life-threatening complication of pregnancy in which a hypercoagulable state develops secondary to the contact of tissue factor with circulating blood and causes widespread abnormal clotting. This pathological process disrupts normal blood flow, which can cause multi-organ dysfunction and is associated with very high maternal morbidity and mortality. Occurring in two phases, DIC begins with overactive clotting, which leads to the formation of blood clots within the vessels, and ultimately, the overactive clotting process uses up the body's stores of platelets and clotting factors. The most common obstetric cause of DIC is placental abruption, …

Exploring The Clinical Utility Of Neurofilament Light Chain Assays In Multiple Sclerosis Management., Amit Bar-Or, Jacqueline Nicholas, Jenny Feng, Francesca Sorrell, Mark Cascione

Neuroscience Articles

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disease that affects nearly 1 million adults in the United States. Owing to its unpredictable disease course, diverse phenotypes, and an array of currently available disease-modifying therapies, a personalized approach to MS management is required. There is an unmet need to identify, validate, and incorporate prognostic, monitoring, and predictive biomarkers into routine clinical practice for MS. A mounting body of evidence supports the use of blood biomarkers, such as neurofilament light chain (NfL), in predicting disease activity and monitoring treatment response. Previous hurdles for the widespread use of NfL in the …

Corrigendum To 'Scai Expert Consensus Statement On Alternative Access For Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement' [Journal Of The Society For Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions 4 (2025) 102514]., Matthew Sherwood, Keith B Allen, Thom G Dahle, Chandan M Devireddy, Jeffrey Gaca, Santiago Garcia, Kendra J Grubb, Tsuyoshi Kaneko, Chad A Kliger, Robert J Lederman, John C Messenger, Puja B Parikh, Marie-France Poulin, Carlos Sanchez, Anene Ukaigwe, James J Yun, Paul D Mahoney

Heart and Vascular Articles

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.jscai.2024.102514.].

The Collision Course Between Outdated State Laws And Automated Vehicles, Wililam Hubbard, Colin Starger

Cardozo Law Review

America stands at the precipice of a vehicular revolution. Myriads of self-driving vehicles—often referred to as “automated vehicles” or “AVs”—are already rolling out across the nation, and innovators assert that AVs will make our roads safer, less congested, and more economically productive. However, reaching these dreams of self-driving utopias will require more than just technological progress. The uses of traditional vehicles are heavily regulated by hundreds of thousands of state laws that ensure public safety, health, and order. Will these traditional laws still make sense when AVs shift the paradigm? Despite the hype and optimism of many AV advocates, this …

Statewide Injunction: State Judicial Power And Meaningful Remedies, Constance C. Van Kley

Faculty Law Review Articles

As federal courts increasingly limit the scope of constitutional remedies, state courts have begun issuing statewide injunctions that extend protections beyond individual litigants. This article examines the doctrinal foundations and implications of such injunctions, arguing that they represent a legitimate exercise of state judicial power. By analyzing historical practices, procedural norms, and recent case law, the author contends that statewide injunctions can serve as essential tools for enforcing civil rights and ensuring meaningful relief. The piece calls for a reevaluation of remedial doctrines to better accommodate the evolving role of state courts in safeguarding constitutional guarantees.

Investigating Environmental And Socioeconomic Contributors To Adult Obesity In The Rio Grande Valley, John Nicholas Cauba, Jihoo Woo, Russel Wiggins, Shizue Mito

School of Medicine Publications

Obesity in the Rio Grande Valley (RGV) of Texas remains a critical public health concern, with rates (46.9%) significantly exceeding those of Texas (36%) and the U.S. (34%) (p < 0.001). This study used 2024 County Health Rankings data to analyze environmental and socioeconomic contributors to obesity across 240 Texas counties, with a population-weighted focus on Hidalgo, Cameron, Starr, and Willacy counties. The RGV exhibited markedly poorer access to exercise, higher rates of physical inactivity, lower Food Environment Index scores (FEI = 4.3 vs. 5.7 in Texas), higher rates of uninsurance, worse patient-to–primary care physician (PCP) ratios (2152:1 vs. Texas 1660:1), and increased preventable hospitalizations. Multiple linear regression identified physical inactivity (β = 0.6, p = 0.01) and access to exercise (β = −0.02, p = 0.02) as significant predictors of obesity. Notably, higher uninsured rates were associated with lower reported obesity, likely due to underdiagnosis in the absence of routine care. These findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions addressing food access, environmental and recreational infrastructure, along with healthcare infrastructure in the RGV, where socioeconomic disadvantage and structural barriers magnify the impact of national obesity trends on the regional level.

Exploring The Efficacy Of Various Minimally Invasive Surgery (Mis) Techniques In Spinal Fusion For Degenerative Spondylolisthesis: A Systematic Review, Yolanda V. Gutierrez, Blake Martin, Joshua Nwose, Alyssa A. Sepulveda, Ronald Shaju, Aamir Ahmad, Robert H. Ablove

School of Medicine Publications

Degenerative spondylolisthesis is a common etiology of low back pain characterized by the anterior displacement of one vertebral body relative to the one below it. A key contributing factor is intervertebral disc degeneration, which compromises spinal stability. In patients with a lack of neurological issues, conservative treatment is recommended. If conservative treatment is ineffective, surgery is deemed the next step, involving decompression and fusion of the vertebrae. Over the past several decades, minimally invasive surgical (MIS) techniques have been developed and refined. This systematic review aims to compare different types of MIS techniques for the treatment of degenerative spondylolisthesis to …

A Systematic Review Of The Internet Of Things And Artificial Intelligence Applications In Milk Quality Monitoring And Analysis, Rahul Mhapsekar, Deirdre Kilbane, Steven Davy, Lizy Abraham, Mark Fenelon, Norah O'Shea

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

Background: Milk quality analysis (MQA) is critical for ensuring high-quality dairy production and enhancing the productivity of dairy processing plants. The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) can revolutionise MQA by enabling automated, real-time detection and monitoring of key parameters (i.e. composition, adulterants, indicators of microbial quality), reducing human error and improving decision-making in the dairy supply chain. Aim(s): This systematic review aimed to evaluate the application of IoT and AI in MQA over the past decade, focussing on three critical areas: composition monitoring, adulteration detection and indicators of microbial quality. Methods: A systematic analysis of …

Real-World Continuous Smartwatch-Based User Authentication, N. Al-Naffakh, N. Clarke, F. Li, P. Haskell-Dowland

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

User authentication is often regarded as the “gatekeeper” of cyber security. It has, however, long suffered from significant usability issues that have resulted in research focussing upon frictionless and transparent biometric approaches. Activity-based user authentication—a technique that authenticates a user by what they are physically doing at a specific point in time has attracted significant attention, particularly due to the increasing popularity of smartwatches. This research aims to overcome limitations in prior work by exploring the viability of the approach in real-world conditions. The study presents two principal experiments, one focused upon a constrained environment to provide a control and …

Hadronic Vacuum Polarization For The Muon G-2 From Lattice Qcd: Long-Distance And Full Light-Quark Connected Contribution, Alexei Bazavov, Claude Bernard, David Anthony Clarke, Christine Davies, Carleton Detar, Aida X. El-Khadra, María Elvira Gámiz Sánchez, Steven Gottlieb, Anthony V. Grebe, Leon Hostetler, William Jay, Hwancheol Jeong, Andreas Kronfeld, Shaun Lahert, Jack Laiho, Gerard Lepage, Michael Lynch, Andrew Lytle, Craig Mcneile, Ethan Neil, Curtis Peterson, James Simone, Jacob W Sitison, Ruth S. Van De Water, Alejandro Vaquero Avilés-Casco, Craig Mcneile

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

We present results for the dominant light-quark connected contribution to the long-distance window of the hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP) contribution to the muon g-2 from lattice quantum chromodynamics. Specifically, with a new determination of the lattice scale on MILC's physical-mass HISQ ensembles, using the Ω^{-} baryon mass, we obtain a result of a_{μ}^{ll,LD}(conn)=400.2(2.3)_{stat}(3.7)_{syst}[4.3]_{total}×10^{-10}. Summing this result with our recent determinations of the light-quark connected contributions to the short- and intermediate-distance windows, we obtain a subpercent precision determination of the light-quark-connected contribution to HVP of a_{μ}^{ll}(conn)=655.2(2.3)_{stat}(3.9)_{syst}[4.5]_{total}×10^{-10}. Finally, as a consistency check, we verify that an independent analysis of the full contribution …

The Challenges Of Using Ultrasound To Measure The Trachea: A Brief Report, Helen Newman, Jodi Allen, Madan Narayanan, Nchafatso Obonyo, Nur Syahrunnizar, Karen Hammet, David Parry, Sarah Wallace, Anna-Liisa Sutt, Joseph Osterwalder, Daniel Martin

Peninsula Medical School

BACKGROUND: Tracheostomy is a common procedure in intensive care medicine, involving the insertion of an artificial airway through the front of the neck into the trachea. The size of tracheostomy tube in relation to the trachea is important, influencing clinical outcomes and patient experience. Ultrasound is readily available at the bedside and airway applications have been reported, including airway measurement. However, the presence of air within airway lumina presents challenges to ultrasound and causes artefact. Guidance is lacking on tracheal sonography and measurement.

AIM: to characterize the sonoanatomy of the inner tracheal wall and determine reference points for measuring tracheal …

Position: Trustworthy Ai Agents Require The Integration Of Large Language Models And Formal Methods, Yedi Zhang, Yufan Cai, Xinyue Zuo, Xiaokun Luan, Kailong Wang, Zhe Hou, Yifan Zhang, Zhiyuan Wei, Meng Sun, Jun Sun, Jing Sun, Jin Song Dong

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a transformative AI paradigm, profoundly influencing broad aspects of daily life. Despite their remarkable performance, LLMs exhibit a fundamental limitation: hallucination—the tendency to produce misleading outputs that appear plausible. This inherent unreliability poses significant risks, particularly in high-stakes domains where trustworthiness is essential. On the other hand, Formal Methods (FMs), which share foundations with symbolic AI, provide mathematically rigorous techniques for modeling, specifying, reasoning, and verifying the correctness of systems. These methods have been widely employed in mission-critical domains such as aerospace, defense, and cybersecurity. However, the broader adoption of FMs remains constrained …

Advancing Food Nutrition Estimation Via Visual-Ingredient Feature Fusion, Huiyan Qi, Bin Zhu, Chong-Wah Ngo, Jingjing Chen, Ee-Peng Lim

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Nutrition estimation is an important component of promoting healthy eating and mitigating diet-related health risks. Despite advances in tasks such as food classification and ingredient recognition, progress in nutrition estimation is limited due to the lack of datasets with nutritional annotations. To address this issue, we introduce FastFood, a dataset with 84,446 images across 908 fast food categories, featuring ingredient and nutritional annotations. In addition, we propose a new model-agnostic Visual-Ingredient Feature Fusion (VIF2 ) method to enhance nutrition estimation by integrating visual and ingredient features. Ingredient robustness is improved through synonym replacement and resampling strategies during training. The ingredient-aware …