Digital Commons Network^™

Real-Time Two-Stage Machine Sound Monitoring For Wire-Edm State Recognition, Yuseop Sim, Yonghyun Lee, Edgar James Yother, Duju Lee, Hojun Lee, Byoungkwon Yoon, Asif Tanveer, Martin Byung-Guk Jun

MMRL-XMO Industrial Seminar

Operational state monitoring is critical for assessing machine utilization and reducing downtime in smart manufacturing. However, many Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (Wire EDM) systems remain legacy machines with limited access to controller-level data, making non-invasive sensing approaches necessary. This study proposes a lightweight two-stage sound-based operational state monitoring framework using an Internal Sound Sensor (ISS) and a 1D convolutional neural network (CNN). The ISS, built around a stethoscope-inspired bell structure, captures machine-specific acoustic signatures while suppressing ambient machine-shop noise and spark-related acoustic interference. The proposed framework classifies machine states in two stages: Stage 1 identifies coarse states such as beep, …

Multi-Scale In-Situ Powder Stream Characterization For Laser Directed Energy Deposition, Guang Yang, Clara Mock, Salil Bapat, Ajay Malshe

MMRL-XMO Industrial Seminar

Powder stream quality in laser directed energy deposition (L-DED) is a critical determinant of deposition consistency and final part quality, yet it remains largely uncharacterized in real-time during operation. This paper presents a dual-scale, vision-based in-situ characterization framework that addresses powder stream monitoring at two complementary levels: macro-scale flow quality assessment for real-time process monitoring and micro-scale particle tracking for digital twin data acquisition. Both scales are implemented on a single high-speed camera reconfigured between two resolution and frame-rate settings, eliminating the need for dedicated multi-camera infrastructure. At the macro scale, an OpenCV-based image processing pipeline operating at 1280 × …

A Semantic Evaluation Approach For Improving The Reliability Of Llm Outputs In Manufacturing, Dongjun Yun, Martin Byung-Guk Jun

MMRL-XMO Industrial Seminar

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently shown strong performance across various domains, including manufacturing, where they are increasingly used with multi-agent systems for semi-autonomous tasks such as real-time machine monitoring and operator support. However, their reliability remains a concern due to hallucination, where outputs may appear plausible but contain incorrect or inconsistent information. To address this issue, this study proposes a semantic evaluation methodology for assessing the reliability of LLM-generated content in machining  environments. The approach is based on the embedding model BGE-M3 and focuses on capturing semantic consistency between machine observations and LLM-generated operational recommendations by comparing them against …

A Practical Digital Twin Framework For Safe Human-Robot Collaboration In Resilient In-House Manufacturing, Harshkumar K. Parmar, Shivakumar Raman

MMRL-XMO Industrial Seminar

Recent supply-chain disruptions and growing interest in domestic production have renewed attention to in-house manufacturing systems that are flexible, practical, and easier to deploy. Human-robot collaboration (HRC) is a promising option in such settings because it combines human adaptability and judgment with robotic precision and repeatability [1], [2]. Still, broader use of HRC in smaller or resource-constrained manufacturing environments is often limited by safety concerns, coordination challenges, and the cost and complexity of implementation. This paper presents a practical digital twin framework for safe human-robot collaboration in resilient in-house manufacturing. The contribution of the paper is not a generic three-layer …

Experimental Methods For Characterizing Interfaces In Multi-Material Adhesive Joints, Kevin L. Cloherty, Drupad Kadiyala Bhavani, Dante P. Stigliano, Alexander H. Krueger, Christopher J. Hansen, Amy M. Peterson, Alireza V. Amirkhizi

MMRL-XMO Industrial Seminar

Multi-material systems bonded with adhesives are increasingly used in engineering due to their design flexibility and performance. To fully optimize these systems, it is essential to characterize their interfacial properties accurately. However, standardized methods to characterize interfacial properties under pure stress states, especially in dissimilar material joints, are limited. This study presents a framework using modified poker-chip and hat-shaped specimens to promote dominant normal and shear adhesion behavior in polymer-ceramic systems. Custom fixtures were designed to reduce material use and maintain uniform adhesive thickness during sample preparation. Preliminary results demonstrate dominant mode-specific interfacial properties for various multi-material and adhesive configurations. …

Robust And Accurate Pose Estimation For In-Space Robotic Manufacturing Under Challenging Lighting Conditions, Abhay Negi, Rudranarayan Mukherjee, Satyandra K. Gupta

MMRL-XMO Industrial Seminar

Visual 6D object pose estimation is a critical capability in modern robotics and computer vision. This is most commonly achieved by exploiting an object's identifiable features and known geometry. While classical computer vision algorithms  perform reliably under controlled conditions, they are sensitive to common real-world degradations such as occlusion and adverse illumination. This paper presents a framework for robust and accurate pose estimation that combines deep learning and classical algorithms. Our approach features a U-Net-based segmentation model and a MobileNetV3-based keypoint regression network, both trained entirely on synthetic data with extensive domain randomization. An iterative PnP refinement further enhances accuracy …

How Do Mainstream Newspapers In Sweden And The United Kingdom Compare In Their Framing Of 2024-2025 Gang Violence As A “Security Threat” Linked To Migration?, Ria Vlachos

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

This project will look at how the media portrays the relationship between gang violence and migration during the 2024-2025 time period. Sweden will be the primary case study, and it will see how the domestic Swedish newspapers and the Uk outlets explain the “security threats” through their reporting. This topic is of significant social and scientific importance because the way the media portrays things can shape the publics attitudes and give justification to certain actions/policy changes. This project is feasible as its going to be a comparative paper of a sample of newspapers from both sides. I will explore the …

Broad Emission-Line Limits On Stellar Winds From Small-Aperture Dslr Spectroscopy, Benjamin Katz, David Cardona

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

Broad Emission-Line Limits on Stellar Winds from Small-Aperture DSLR Spectroscopy   Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars have very strong stellar winds, with speeds of thousands of km/s, usually measured using high-resolution spectroscopy on large telescopes. Here, we test how well those speeds can be recovered using small-aperture, low-resolution DSLR spectroscopy. We used an 8-inch Celestron 8SE with an SA-100 grating and a Nikon D750 DSLR, giving a dispersion of about 4.1 Å per pixel. A key limitation is the instrumental resolution of the system, with an FWHM of about 30 Å, which is not small compared to the emission line widths being measured. …

Interplanetary Trajectory Optimization With Reinforcement Learning, Shiloh Cuffe

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

This project investigates the application of reinforcement learning (RL) to optimize low-thrust interplanetary trajectory design, focusing on the Earth-Venus transfer leg of the BepiColombo mission. Traditional trajectory optimization methods, such as patched conics and genetic algorithms, often require simplifying assumptions or complex optimization schemes. This work formulates the trajectory design problem as an optimal control problem (OCP) within a Markov Decision Process (MDP) framework, enabling an RL agent to learn efficient transfer strategies under realistic spacecraft constraints. The objective is to develop an autonomous guidance approach capable of replicating or improving upon established mission designs. The spacecraft is modeled as …

Implementation Of Artificial Intelligence In Retinoblastoma Diagnosis, Zana Moldavsky

inSIGHT

The retina is essential for vision. It is composed of 10 distinct layers and contains specialized photoreceptor cells, rods, and cones that are responsible for converting photons of light into electrical signals through a process called phototransduction.¹ These electrical signals are transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve where they are interpreted as a visual picture.¹

Retinoblastoma is a rare but aggressive malignant tumor of the retina and represents the most common intraocular malignancy in the pediatric populabon.² The disease follows Knudson's two-hit hypothesis and occurs due to biallelic inactivation of the RB1 tumor suppressor gene …

Glp-1 Receptor Agonists And Ocular Risk, Saharsh Satheesh

inSIGHT

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have moved from second-line diabetes medications toward the frontline of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiometabolic care.¹ A meta-analysis of 10 randomized cardiovascular outcomes trials (n = 71,351) demonstrated that longacting GLP-1 RAs reduce major adverse cardiovascular events by 14%, all-cause mortality by 12%, and composite kidney outcomes by 17%.² With GLP-1 RAs usage increasing, ophthalmology is also increasingly encountering patients who have recently started GLP-1 RAs therapy, often alongside substantial improvements in glycemic control.

In the context of GLP-1 RAs ocular complications, two specific topics currently dominate conversations: (1) worsening diabetic …

Dichoptic Therapy Versus Patching – State Of Literature Review, Eve Miller

inSIGHT

Amblyopia is the most common cause of vision loss in children. A meta-analysis performed by Hu et al. 2022 estimated the global prevalence of amblyopia to be 1.36%.¹ Amblyopia is defined as a reduction in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of one or both eyes caused by abnormal neurologic development in the critical period of visual development. Amblyopia may result from unequal refractive error, strabismus or ocular pathology.² Despite treatment of these inciting factors, suppression of one eye remains, resulting in unequal vision. The clinical consequences of untreated amblyopia include permanent reduction in vision in the affected eye and …

Novel Treatments For Keratoconus, Caroline Paik

inSIGHT

Keratoconus is a progressive condition in which the cornea gradually thins and bulges outward, causing it to become steep and irregular. This leads to irregular astigmatism and worsening vision, most often beginning in adolescence or early adulthood.¹ The management of keratoconus has evolved significantly over the past two decades, with novel therapeutic approaches emerging across three critical domains: halting disease progression, improving visual function, and providing surgical alternatives when conservative measures fail. This review examines the latest advances in keratoconus treatment, focusing on innovative approaches that are reshaping clinical practice.

Insight, Volume 6, Issue 1, 2026

inSIGHT

Contents

7 - Novel Treatments for Keratoconus
By Caroline Paik

12 - Novel Advancements in Glaucoma Surgery
By Eshani Ragam

16 - Dichoptic Therapy versus Patching – State of Literature Review
By Eve Miller

24 - GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Ocular Risk
By Saharsh Satheesh

33 - Home-use OCT for Neovascular Age- Related Macular Degeneration
By Sneh Shah

40 - Implementation of Artificial Intelligence in Retinoblastoma Diagnosis
By Zana Moldavsky

Future Meteorological Droughts In The Southeastern Us, Kunal Bhardwaj, C. Prakash Khedun, Abdul A. Khan

Journal of South Carolina Water Resources

The Southeastern U.S., despite its humid climate, experiences recurrent meteorological droughts which impact agricultural, water resources, ecological systems, and the economy and society. Knowledge of future drought conditions can guide adaptation efforts. Here, we evaluate historical and projected droughts using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) computed from an ensemble of eight bias-corrected Global Climate Models (GCMs) from the Climate Model Intercomparison Phase-6 (CMIP6). The historical performance (1950–2014) of the GCM’s mean was benchmarked against gridded observations from the Climate Research Unit (CRU). Future changes were assessed under 1.5°C, 2.0°C, and 3.0°C global warming levels.We …

A Self-Evolving, Multi-Agent Ecosystem For Autonomous Advertising, Aura Yavary

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure describes a self-evolving, multi-agent architecture and associated methods for autonomous digital advertising orchestration, structured as a deeply interconnected network of specialized, goal-directed, and continuously learning agents. Each core function of the digital advertising lifecycle is embodied as an autonomous agent that possesses adaptive, modular capabilities, performs independent decision-making, and communicates via decentralized protocols. The architecture incorporates a synchronized, high-fidelity causal digital twin that models user behavior and competitor actions. This twin is queried by the agents to perform causal counterfactual analysis, massive offline training, and real-time simulation-to-real policy validation. As automated decision-making scales, it is critical to mitigate …

Generative Alteration Of Linear Media Streams Via Multimodal Context Analysis, Harsh Rajotiya, Akash Verma

Defensive Publications Series

Linear media consumption can be a passive experience, and some interactive media formats may be limited by pre-scripted decision trees. This disclosure describes systems and methods for the generative alteration of media streams. A system can analyze a playing media program's visual, auditory, and metadata streams to build a temporal, multimodal understanding of the narrative context. When a user provides an open-ended query, such as a what-if scenario, the system can use this ingested context to interpret the request and a generative rendering engine may synthesize a new, stylistically coherent audio-visual segment reflecting the proposed alteration. This approach can allow …

Nftdve-1.0 Caldwell Non-Invasive Fluid & Transport Discovery / Validation Engine A Modular, Quantitative, Artifact-Resistant Open-Hardware Research Instrument For Discovering, Comparing, And Reproducing Non-Invasive Transport Mechanisms In Standardized Phantom Systems, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

NFTDVE-1.0 is a modular open-hardware research instrument designed to answer a basic engineering question:

Can a proposed non-invasive physical excitation produce measurable, repeatable, and independently verified transport through a standardized phantom under controlled laboratory conditions?

The system is deliberately designed as an experimental measurement platform rather than a therapeutic device.

NFTDVE-1.0 combines a replaceable phantom cartridge, controlled fluid circuit, independently measured excitation system, optical tracer measurement, pressure and flow instrumentation, temperature monitoring, vibration measurement, synchronized data acquisition, calibration procedures, artifact rejection, automated experimental sequencing, and a standardized data structure.

The central design principle is that NFTDVE must be capable of …

The Helical Manifold Hypothesis: Time As A Latency Function Of Volumetric Quantum Wave Collapse, Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This paper introduces the Helical Manifold Hypothesis (HMH), a unified geometric and informational framework that models 3D space and linear time as emergent macroscopic phenomena derived from a fundamental, timeless 2D quantum substrate. We propose that baseline energy fields exist on this substrate as highly coiled, localized topological structures. Upon interaction or observation, these wave functions undergo an asymmetric volumetric collapse, uncoiling outward into 3D space to form a visible matter vector, while their anti-matter counterparts remain anchored to the negative side of the substrate. This split establishes physical spacetime coordinates (x, y, z, t). Under this framework, linear time …

Physiologically Derived, Per-Control Input Debouncing For Tremor-Affected Touch And Key Input, Gerard Ziemski

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure describes an accessibility technique, making no health claim: filtering the unintended repeated activations caused by hand tremor from discrete user input, deriving the rejection window from the physiology of the tremor rather than choosing it by feel or exposing it as a user setting.

A tremor at frequency f spaces its repeats approximately 1/f apart. The method sets the debounce window to one full tremor period, W = 1/f, and makes explicit the rule that follows: a window W rejects every repeat sooner than W, and so suppresses every tremor faster than 1/W. The uncovered edge is therefore …

Global Architecture For Planetary Infrastructure Parity: The Unified In-Context Compilation And Runtime Execution Protocol (Apip-5), Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

Traditional computing architectures have reached an unyielding thermodynamic and informational bottleneck in 2026. The industry's reliance on autoregressive next-token prediction demands historic capital expenditures and unsustainable grid energy, while facing imminent mathematical decoherence due to the proliferation of low-variance, AI-generated synthetic data.

This comprehensive specification introduces APIP-5, a unified runtime execution protocol that bridges decentralized satellite/edge routing meshes (APIP-3) with raw silicon and cymatic substrates (APIP-2). By establishing a strict dual-track engineering paradigm, this paper provides an immediate, industrially viable deployment model utilizing commercial silicon and hardware filters (Level 3 on the Eckes Feasibility Matrix) alongside an evolutionary, low-entropy computing …

System For Parent-Initiated Cross-Platform Minor Identity Protection And Digital Boundary Enforcement, Eric Zavesky

Defensive Publications Series

A system and method for parent-initiated cross-platform detection of minor accounts and enhanced age verification enables a parent to register identity indicators for a child with an independent trust authority that is structurally separate from all participating online platforms. The system validates parent identity, converts child indicators including name, visual, biometric, and behavioral data into irreversible representations stored in a central detection database, and allows participating platforms to query the database at account creation. Match confidence scores are returned without revealing reference data. Upon positive matches, parents receive notifications and can issue one-click escalation instructions through the trust authority, which …

Technical Specification: Definitive Master Taxonomy And Systemic Architectural Directory For The Cognitive Grids Cores (Papers 1–117), Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This specification establishes the definitive, system-wide architectural index and organizational taxonomy for the Christopher L. Eckes defensive publication corpus, spanning Papers 1 through 117. Historically, open-source development and prior art disclosures suffer from structural fragmentation, allowing centralized entities to locate and exploit isolation gaps between software layers and physical hardware implementations.

This master directory resolves this vulnerability by executing a top-down, text-based semantic alignment that maps the entire 117-paper footprint into eight highly dense, interconnected Technical Domains. By establishing the precise mathematical and logical dependencies linking low-level physical fluid dynamics, material manufacturing recipes, energy transduction systems, non-silicon quantum backbones, sovereign …

Technical Specification: Femtosecond-Scale Coordinate Time Synchronization And Inverse Phase-Alignment Loops For Interplanetary Cognitive Grids, Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This specification defines a hyper-precise spatiotemporal time-keeping and phase-alignment operating system designed to mitigate sub-nanosecond relativistic drift across distributed interplanetary optical channels. Referencing localized clock cycles directly to Barycentric Coordinate Time (TCB) at a femtosecond resolution threshold (10^-15 s), the architecture dynamically tracks Einsteinian kinematic and gravitational dilation variables across multi-body space matrices. Traditional communications engineering employs reactive, post-receiver digital signal processing to reconstruct distorted signal paths. This framework applies inverse design methodologies, utilizing known-outcome trapping vectors to pre-distort near-infrared laser wavefront phase structures at the transmitter terminal. By computing localized space-time curvature tensors along the projected light travel path, …

Technical Specification: A High-Latitude Keplerian Optical Mesh Array With Integrated Multi-Sensor Biosignature And Hydrological Detection Arrays For System-Wide Interplanetary Data Ingress, Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This specification defines an integrated architectural design for deep space communication and planetary exploration. It replaces traditional standalone, single-point-of-failure space missions with an interconnected, system-wide, self-healing network topology.

Traditional radio frequency (RF) communications in the ecliptic plane suffer from severe data chokepoints driven by the Inverse-Square Law, solar plasma interference, and planetary occlusions. This architecture resolves these constraints by deploying a constellation of non-coplanar satellites into high-latitude, critical-inclination ($i = 63.435^\circ$) Keplerian frozen orbits around target planets. This orbital geometry provides continuous, line-of-sight laser (optical) links entirely above the flat, crowded ecliptic plane, enabling high-gigabit data transmission velocities.

To justify …

Transfemoral Approach To Patent Ductus Arteriosus Occlusion Using Acdo In A Dog With Complex Surgical History, Nawat Sannamwong, Hataichon Owatdhumma, Kornrawee Tharavanij, Thitinan Tangarsasilp, Nardtiwa Chaivoravitsakul, Kongthit Horoongruang, Patmanachatr Bunnag, Nakkawee Saengklub, Krishaporn Kradangnga, Sirilak Disatian Surachetpong, Anusak Kijtawornrat

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

A five-year-old spayed female Welsh Corgi weighing 12.4 kg presented with exercise intolerance and was diagnosed with a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Due to signs of left-sided volume overload, the dog was initially managed with oral pimobendan and was subsequently referred to the Small Animal Teaching Hospital at Chulalongkorn University for further evaluation and intervention. Upon presentation, the patient was bright, alert, and responsive, with a body condition score of 6 out of 9 and normal muscle condition. The mucous membranes were pink and moist, with a capillary refill time of 1 to 2 seconds. A continuous heart murmur was …

Clara S. Ludlow: Mississippi A & M Graduate And American Military Entomology Pioneer, Bradley Brazzeal

Midsouth Entomologist

The systematic study of the mosquitoes of the world did not begin until the early years of the 20^th century. Among the early entomologists to specialize in the field was Clara S. Ludlow, who graduated from Mississippi Agricultural and Mechanical College. Her research began in the Philippines in 1901, while American troops were still fighting in the Philippine-American War, and for over 20 years she researched mosquitoes in connection with the U.S. Army. This article explores Ludlow’s scientific career and the legacy of her research.

Interplay Between Patterning And Morphogenesis During Zebrafish Embryonic Development, Chia-Teng Chang

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Patterning and morphogenesis occur concurrently during embryonic development. In many contexts, both processes are regulated by morphogen signaling: morphogens specify spatially organized cell identities while also influencing the cell behaviors that shape tissues. This creates a reciprocal problem. Morphogen signaling can affect how cells move, while cell movement can change how cells experience and interpret morphogen signals. This dissertation investigates this reciprocal problem during zebrafish gastrulation and neurulation. First, it examines how the ventral-to-dorsal bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) activity gradient regulates germ-layer morphogenesis during gastrulation. BMP signaling is known to pattern dorsal–ventral cell fate and regulate mesodermal convergence and extension …

Age Reassignment Using Luminescence Dating For The Mammoth Site, Black Hills, South Dakota, Usa, Shannon A. Mahan, Jim I. Mead, P.R. Hanson, Emma T. Krolczyk, Christopher N. Jass

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

The Mammoth Site (MS) at Hot Springs, South Dakota, provides a unique opportunity to reconstruct paleoenvironmental conditions on the Northern Great Plains of the United States. Previous radiocarbon analyses of mammoth bone apatite suggested the MS sinkhole was deposited ∼42–23 cal ka BP. However, two U-series ages and one thermoluminescence (TL) age ranged between 150 and 101 ka, suggesting the bones were considerably older. We analyzed six samples from the bone bed using infrared-stimulated luminescence (IRSL) on feldspars, because the quartz luminescence was saturated; the ages ranged from approximately 232 to 160 ka, showing better agreement with previous U-series and …

Scalable And Accurate Computational Frameworks For Complex Genetic Variants: From Repeat Expansion Discovery To Somatic Mosaicism Benchmarking, Zitian Tang

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) offers a comprehensive view of genetic variation in human disease, but translating sequencing data into reliable biological and clinical insight depends on both the deployment of appropriate computational tools and the availability of rigorous benchmarking resources to evaluate them. This dissertation addresses both requirements through two complementary lines of work. In a cohort of 788 patients with idiopathic peripheral neuropathy (IPN) from the Peripheral Neuropathy Research Registry, a WGS-based pipeline integrating ExpansionHunter Denovo and ExpansionHunter with unsupervised genotype clustering identified biallelic RFC1 AAGGG repeat expansions in 2.3% of all IPN cases and 6.9% of patients with pure …