Digital Commons Network^™

Preclinical Behavioral Assessments Of Mitraginyne, The Main Psychoactive Alkaloid In Kratom, Rachel Burroughs

Dissertations

Mitragyna speciosa (kratom) is a medicinal plant indigenous to Southeast Asia and Africa with a long history of use for a variety of ailments, including diarrhea, pain relief, cough suppression, and amelioration of opiate withdrawal symptoms. Despite its status as an herbal remedy, kratom is banned in some countries due to a myriad of negative health risks. Preclinical psychopharmacology studies of mitragynine (MG), the main alkaloid of kratom, indicate it has opioid-like effects at higher doses and psychostimulant-like effects at lower doses. The current study utilized three rodent behavioral paradigms to evaluate the putative psychostimulant effects of MG. The specific …

Natural Language Processing For Disaster Tweets, Akinyemi D. Apampa, Nan Li

Publications and Research

Our goal is to establish an automatic model that identifies which tweets are about natural disasters based on the content of the tweets. Our method is to construct a decision tree based on keyword searching. We will construct the model using 7,645 tweets and test our model on 3,465 tweets as an assessment of the performance.

Applications Of Micro-X-Ray Fluorescence (Μxrf) Techniques To Ore Formation Questions In Economic Geology, Hannah Adwoa Buamono

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Advances in x-ray optics over the past decade have enabled a new generation of benchtop micro energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (µXRF/EDS) instruments to analyze samples with an x-ray spot size of 25 microns or less and detection limits of tens to hundreds of parts per million. The analysis of samples from mineral (ore) deposits may illustrate some of the capabilities and limitations of these instruments applied to geoscience problems. The qualitative elemental analysis process allows the production of detailed elemental maps which, together with line scan profiles and other petrographic and geochemical evidence, leads to a better definition of key chemical, …

Identifying Particulate Matter Spatial Variation In The El Paso Del Norte Region Using Land-Use Regression Modeling And Data Obtained From A Network Of Low-Cost Sensors, Leonardo Demetrio Vazquez-Raygoza

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The emergence and rise in popularity of low-cost sensors for atmospheric observation aresetting a new precedent in identifying emission hotspots and providing high-resolution spatial and temporal data. Furthermore, low-cost sensors are becoming popular among institutions and the public, allowing community scientists to become more involved in air quality monitoring. However, concerns about the accuracy and precision of low-cost sensors have been questioned. Most recent research has focused on the utility of real-time monitoring and calibration requirements for these sensors. A low-cost monitoring project has deployed sensors in the El Paso del Norte region in low and high annual average daily …

Effectiveness Of Online Instructional Videos: Intervening Medical Students' Learning Of Shared Decision-Making, Truth-Telling, Patient Emotional Disturbance Evaluations, And Emotional Processing Training, Shu-Chung Lii, Ji-Tseng Fang

Journal of Medical Education

Communication is a fundamental part of healthcare. Poor communication is a common cause of medical complaints; the common and difficult communication often involves truth-telling and shared decision-making (SDM). Medical treatment can be emotionally distressing for patients; thus, understanding how to communicate with patients and treat patient emotional problems is paramount for providing quality healthcare. This study evaluates the effectiveness of learning SDM, truth-telling, patient emotional disturbance evaluation methods, and emotional processing of staff and patients. Fifth- and sixth-year medical students from Chang Gung University were recruited and administered a research questionnaire based on the COMRADE (Combined Outcome Measure for Risk …

Perceptions On Entrustable Professional Activities (Epas) In Psychiatry Among Specialty Trainees, Mei-Feng Huang, Yi-Chun Yeh, Tai-Ling Liu, Wei-Po Chou, Peng-Wei Wang, Cheng-Sheng Chen

Journal of Medical Education

Background: Competence-based medical education (CBME) has been proposed and will lead the paradigm shift in medical education. Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) is one of the operational systems to achieve the goals of CBME. The development of scopes of professional clinical tasks is the first step for EPAs medical education. In this study, we aimed to develop a framework of EPAs specially for psychiatry specialty training and to investigate the perceptions of these EPAs among trainees. Methods: This study combined the methods of expert focus group and questionnaire survey. Experts in the focus group were attending psychiatrists at Kaohsiung Medical University …

Virtual Patients Vs Standardized Patients In Medical Education - From The Perspectives Of Clinical Teachers, Chia-Hung Chen, Feng-Cheng Liu, Zi-Xiang Xu, Fu-Hsiung Su, Tsuen-Chiuan Tsai

Journal of Medical Education

Patient encounters have been highlighted important for learning clinical skills. Virtual patients and standardized patients have been widely used as supplement models in medical education. Purpose: This study aims to first compare the effectiveness of using SPs and VPs from the perspectives of clinical teachers and secondly to suggest the smart choice based on the educational objectives. Methods: A questionnaire-assisted interview was conducted to gather feedback from teachers based on their experience with VPs and SPs in clinical teaching. The items for VP/SP comparison include: clinical reasoning, history taking, physical examination, procedural skills, communication, conceptualization, range of case varieties, authentic …

Interventional Training For Out-Of-Distribution Natural Language Understanding, Sicheng Yu, Jing Jiang, Hao Zhang, Yulei Niu, Qianru Sun, Lidong Bing

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Out-of-distribution (OOD) settings are used to measure a model’s performance when the distribution of the test data is different from that of the training data. NLU models are known to suffer in OOD settings (Utama et al., 2020b). We study this issue from the perspective of causality, which sees confounding bias as the reason for models to learn spurious correlations. While a common solution is to perform intervention, existing methods handle only known and single confounder, but in many NLU tasks the confounders can be both unknown and multifactorial. In this paper, we propose a novel interventional training method called …

Perspectives Of A Foreigner Teaching At A Taiwanese Medical School, Russell Oliver Kosik

Journal of Medical Education

Dr. Kosik has had multiple years of experience teaching medicine in Asia. He has found the medical education system in Taiwan to be quite impressive and is inspired by the dedication of the faculty and students. Still, there is room for improvement, especially in more abstract areas such as critical thinking.

Understanding Sentiment Through Context, Richard M.Crowley, M.H. Franco Wong

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

We examine whether empirical results using text-based sentiment of U.S. annual reports depend on the underlying context, within documents, from which sentiment is measured. We construct a clause-level measure of context, showing that sentiment is driven by many different contexts and that positive and negative sentiment are driven by different contexts. We then construct context-level sentiment measures and examine whether sentiment works as expected at the context-level across four prediction problems. Our results demonstrate that document-level sentiment exhibits significant noise in prediction and suggest that document-level aggregation of sentiment leads to missed empirical nuances. The contexts driving sentiment results vary …

Identification Of A Cis-Sex Chromosome Transition In Banded Geckos (Coleonyx, Eublepharidae, Gekkota), Shannon E. Keating, Eli Greenbaum, Jerry D. Johnson, Tony Gamble

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

Sex-determination systems are highly variable amongst vertebrate groups, and the prevalence of genomic data has greatly expanded our knowledge of how diverse some groups truly are. Gecko lizards are known to possess a variety of sex-determination systems, and each new study increases our knowledge of this diversity. Here, we used RADseq to identify male-specific markers in the banded gecko Coleonyx brevis, indicating this species has a XX/XY sex-determination system. Furthermore, we show that these sex-linked regions are not homologous to the XX/XY sex chromosomes of two related Coleonyx species, C. elegans and C. mitratus, suggesting that a cis- …

Mindset Theory Relates To Attitudes About Prison And Parole Among College Students, Cassandra R. Petersen

Theses/Capstones/Creative Projects

The maintenance of prosocial relationships has been strongly connected to criminal desistance among past offenders. The opinions held by the community shape the prejudice often encountered by those with a criminal record. To promote desistance, we must understand how criminals and their abilities are considered by the public. In this study, 69 college students were surveyed about the United States prison and parole system in conjunction with Dweck’s mindset theory. Along with explicit questions, an Implicit Associations Test (IAT) was employed to measure unconscious associations between mentality and punishment preference. The IAT revealed that traits of a growth mindset were …

The Effects Of A Low Fodmap Diet On People With Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Literature Review, Emily Stalder

The Eleanor Mann School of Nursing Undergraduate Honors Theses

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a very common gastrointestinal disorder around the world. There is no known etiology or cure for the disorder, which leaves researchers to develop coping mechanisms for this prevalent issue. A high percentage (10%-15%) of the general population, mostly in Western, industrialized areas, suffer from IBS. A low FODMAP diet (LFD) is something that has been gaining a following over the past 20 years, which has led to research on its ability to minimize symptoms of IBS. The purpose of this literature review is to see what current research has to offer on the LFD’s ability …

Exploring Stress In Adolescents Regarding The Covid-19 School Closure, Anna Beck

The Eleanor Mann School of Nursing Undergraduate Honors Theses

Background: The purpose of this literature review, is to explore the stress adolescents faced during the times of the COVID-19 pandemic. This includes the rates of stress, other psychological consequences, such as depression and anxiety, as well as factors that could have contributed to the development of stress and those that could have helped relieve feelings of distraught.

Purpose: To create a more holistic approach in nursing care, finding reasonings behind the creation of stress in the young population, as well as methods to alleviate, can help patient satisfaction and support.

Method: A literature review was conducted over 20 peer …

What’S In A Name? The Effect Of Calling An Assignment “Homework” Vs. “Reading Notes”, Ashley A. Hansen-Brown

Bridgewater Review

No abstract provided.

Implementing A Reference Backscatter Calibration Technique On A Multi-Sector Multibeam Echosounder, Rui Miguel Aleixo Miguel Cândido

Master's Theses and Capstones

Increasingly, national hydrographic agencies are committing to routine acquisition of seabed backscatter strength estimates from multibeam echosounders (MBES) as part of national programs for seabed characterization. As part of their bathymetric survey mandate, these agencies have a long history of sounding quality control utilizing absolute and relative calibration (reference surfaces and crossover comparisons). Equivalent quality control is, however, not yet in place for managing seabed backscatter strength measurements, as the majority of the collected data is not absolutely referenced.Herein, a new technique for cross-calibrating a MBES with a reference calibrated split beam echosounder (SBES) was implemented. Broadband reference bottom backscatter …

Perceived Gender Discrimination In The United States Air Force, Linzi Gail Eppinger

Master's Theses and Capstones

While the existence of gender discrimination in the Air Force is well known, previous research had not examined how active-duty Air Force members define gender discrimination and how service members differentiate instances of gender discrimination from gender-based harassment. This study drew on qualitative interviews with 25 Air Force service members to provide a rich account of their perceptions of discrimination and harassment. From this research, several common attributes of gender discrimination became clear. Active-duty Air Force women were more aware of instances of gender discrimination than men, participants perceived being a gender minority in the workplace is a risk factor …

Neutrosophic Analysis Of The State Negotiation System, Jessica Jasmin Cellán Palacios, Fausto Danilo Guaigua Vízcaino, José Ignacio Cruz Arboleda, Héctor Edin Lozano Rojas

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

No abstract provided.

An Anomaly In Unemployment Rates: A Comparative Analysis Of Federal Governments’ Responses To The Covid-19 Pandemic, Trent Arney

Economics Undergraduate Honors Theses

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the United Kingdom experienced extremely low unemployment rates compared to similarly developed nations. As a result of the ensuing national recessions, the United States’ and Canada’s Phillip’s Curves shifted, while the United Kingdom’s remained steady. Each of these three nations pursued relatively similar monetary and fiscal policies; however, the United Kingdom’s government-supported wage policy had different requirements and specifications than that of the United States’ and Canada’s. The United Kingdom’s government-supported wage policy prioritized saving jobs while the United States’ and Canada’s policies prioritized saving firms, leading to the disparity in national unemployment rates observed during …

The Effect Of The 2018 Tariffs On European Wine, Henry Johnson

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

This paper estimates a vector autoregression model for average wine prices across U.S. cities to assess the impact of tariff changes on the U.K., France, Germany, and Spain after they were enacted in October 2019. It uses impulse response functions to gauge how a one-unit impulse in the per-liter duty rate may effect the average wine price in the U.S. and the quantity of wine from various exporters to the U.S. It finds that a one-unit impulse in the duty rate levied against the bloc of countries impacted by the tariff results in a fall in the quantity of wine …

Understanding Students' Experience With 1:1 Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning In A Mathematics Classroom, Oscar Antonio Perales Aguilera

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

There has been a move towards integrating educational technology into K-12 mathematics classrooms. This emphasis has been partly driven by policy, increases in technology resources available, and a need to engage students in their mathematical learning. Most studies on technology integration in mathematics education are focused on teachers’ perceptions or students’ academic achievement. However, we need to learn how students perceive their learning in this type of environment. This dissertation is a basic qualitative study aimed at understanding the experiences of students with 1:1 computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) in an Algebraic Reasoning classroom. The study used the mathematical software, Desmos, …

Game-Based Learning: Examining Factors That Influence K-12 Classroom Usage, Sean Ward

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

Video games have become a popular and accepted part of digital culture and are becoming more accepted as an engaging instructional tool in schools. Integration of games can help develop students’ intrinsic motivation for learning and are a great way for teachers to incorporate student interests and make connections to the curriculum. Classroom usage of digital games is becoming more widespread, but prior research suggests that game-based learning is underutilized as a tool in the teacher toolbox. This study seeks to understand the factors that influence teachers’ decisions to use or not use digital games in their classroom and make …

Developing And Assessing The Psychometric Properties Of A Multidimensional College Mental Health Assessment Inventory: A Mixed-Methods Study, John Sylvester

Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to develop a multidimensional College Mental Health Assessment Inventory (CMHAI) specifically for the college student population. In the first phase, a conceptual and theoretical review of general existing scales was performed, followed by conducting exploratory semi-structured interviews with twelve participants. From the interviews, I identified themes/constructs (domains) comprised of 52 items to make up the initial inventory. Participants believed these themes to be worthy of note: (a) admission to college with pre-existing mental conditions; (b) students’ expectation about college versus the actual experience; (c) college as a new environment brings about feelings of loneliness; …

Esg Is Fiduciary Duty, Katherine Held

Honors Theses

This Thesis defends the validity of ESG Investing (Environmental, Social, Governance Investing) as an advisor’s fiduciary responsibility. The financial industry is increasingly including ESG considerations when calculating the intrinsic value of a stock. In opposition to this valuation trend, nineteen state attorney generals (Nineteen) have attacked ESG, challenging its legality by claiming that it violates state and federal law and the fiduciary responsibilities that hold investment advisors accountable to their clients. After identifying key elements of fiduciary responsibility that are being ignored by the Nineteen’s position, several key and relevant United States statutes are reviewed and applied to their argument. …

Rules Vs. Standards In Private Ordering, Tomer S. Stein

Buffalo Law Review

The tradeoff between bright-line rules and general standards is one of the bedrocks of law design. This tradeoff determines how legal norms are composed. The tradeoff between rules and standards pervasively affects private ordering as well: it determines how contractual norms are composed. Yet, scholars exploring the rule vs. standard dichotomy have either entirely overlooked the tradeoff taking place in private orderings or equated it with the public tradeoff that dominates lawmaking.

This Article is the first to systematically examine the rule vs. standard tradeoff in private orderings. The Article carries out this task by identifying and analyzing the fundamental …

Release The River: Recognizing Legal Rights For Natural Objects To Remedy Continuing Issues In American Environmental Law, Eamon Danieu

Buffalo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Investigating 9-1-1 Call Experience For Medical Emergencies For Future Design, Leanna Machado

Honors College Theses

Emergency calling services have continued to use the 9-1-1 phone number to share information about a medical emergency for around 60 years. However, there are limitations to the current emergency call services that can have improved communication, speed, and accuracy with the implementation of advancing technology. By examining the experience and opinions of 9-1-1 medical emergency callers, we are able to investigate the design of 9-1-1 services to enhance the call experience. The major challenges found in the study are difficulty in verbally explaining the emergency situation and difficulty in describing the location of the emergency. Technologies such as location …

Bonhoeffer: Pacifism And Resistance Revisited With Help From Karl Barth, Roger Newell

Faculty Publications - George Fox School of Theology

This essay will look at some details of Bonhoeffer’s reflections on pacifism and resistance, with special attention to the influence of Karl Barth on his path. I will also look at the implications for our own troubled times as the Church again responds to war in Europe.

The Role Of Metropolitan Andrei Sheptytskyi In The Formation Of Ukrainian National Identity, Iryna Krasnodemska

Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe

The article examines the main statehood ideas and views of the socio-political and Church figure, Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytskyi’s contribution to the struggle for the establishment of an independent, united Ukrainian state. The impact of the Metropolitan’s activity as the hierarch of the Greek Catholic Church on the Ukrainian national spiritual revival in Ukraine (at the end of the 19th to middle 20th century) is clarified as the solid foundation which was laid by his ecumenical ideas. The judgment of A. Sheptytskyi regarding the necessary prerequisites for building a strong, independent Ukraine, and his ideas about reforming state authorities, the Church, …

The Cultic Lifecycle: A Thematic Analysis Of Fulfillment And Fear In Cult Membership, Shaelen Grant

Student Theses

Prior research on susceptibility to cult recruitment has focused predominately on psychopathological risk factors, such as a prior personality disorder diagnosis and psychiatric and addictive disorders (Feldman & Johnson, 1995; Rousselet et al., 2017). While such studies contribute valuable information, they also inadvertently pathologize cult members. Furthermore, this focus has led to the overlooking of a more crucial question: what basic human desires does cult membership fulfill that cult leaders and recruiters exploit, to recruit and keep members in cults? To address this dearth, research team members interviewed 52 former cult members (N=52) from a variety of groups (e.g., Christian-based, …