Erratum To ``The Association Between Inflammatory Bowel Disease And Ischemic Heart Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study'' [Saudi Medical Journal 2025 Oct; 46(10):1174–1181], Mahmoud H. Mosli, Dima M. Alsulami, Yara K. Alghamdi, Abdullah S. Badahdah, Asmaa H. Alhibshi, Thamer M. Alamri, Maan S. Alkhattabi, Khames T. Alzahrani, Hadeel A. Alsufyani, Omar I. Saadah

Saudi Medical Journal

In the manuscript entitled ``The Association between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Ischemic Heart Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study,'' published in Saudi Med J 2025 Oct;46(10):1174–1181. doi: 10.15537/smj.2025.46.10.20250181, the affiliation of Dr. Maan Alkhattabi was omitted from the final published version.
The correct affiliation for Dr. Maan Alkhattabi is as follows:
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University–Rabigh, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Erratum To ``Unmasking Iron Deficiency And Iron Deficiency Anemia In Saudi Arabia'' [Saudi Medical Journal 2025; 46(9):1000–1007], Osman O. Radhwi, Omar M. Raslan, Eman M. Mansory

Saudi Medical Journal

In the manuscript entitled ``Unmasking Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia in Saudi Arabia,'' published in Saudi Med J 2025; Vol. 46(9):1000–1007. doi: 10.15537/smj.2025.46.9.20240970.
The correct affiliation should read as follows: Department of Basic Science, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.

Middle East Bifurcation Club Consensus Document On Percutaneous Revascularization Of Bifurcation Lesions In Association With The National Heart Center – Saudi Health Council, Khaled Al-Shaibi, Mirvat Alasnag, Haitham Amin, Ali Nazmi Calik, Ali Almasood, Abdullah Alenezi, Nouf Alanazi, Abdulrahman Almoghairi, Hadi Abu-Hantash, Khaled Almerri

Saudi Medical Journal

Bifurcation lesions are among the most challenging in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), with outcomes affected by anatomy, side-branch disease, and procedural variability. Existing European definitions and strategies require adaptation for Middle Eastern populations, where diabetes, obesity, and hypertension are highly prevalent and present earlier. The Middle East Bifurcation Club (MEBC), with the National Heart Center, used the Nominal Group Technique to standardize bifurcation PCI terminology, techniques, and treatment pathways tailored to regional demographics. The consensus provides evidence-based recommendations on imaging, provisional and 2-stent strategies, POT, and left main versus non-left main bifurcations, alongside practical algorithms and heart team guidance, highlighting …

Clinical Role Of Hematologic Inflammatory Markers In The Diagnosis Of Missed Abortion, Mustafa Bakırcı, Çağlayan Ateş, Ethem S. Yalvaç

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic value of hematological and biochemical inflammatory markers in distinguishing missed abortions from healthy pregnancies during the first trimester. Methods: This retrospective case-control study was conducted between May 2022 and May 2024, included 61 women diagnosed with missed abortion by ultrasound and 100 healthy pregnant women who acted as controls. The following inflammatory markers were calculated from routine blood and biochemistry results: neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and C-reactive protein-albumin ratio (CAR). Intergroup comparisons and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed. Results: The …

Concurrent Appendectomy In Patients Undergoing Surgery For Gynecological Malignancies: A Retrospective Analysis From A Tertiary Referral Center, Gazi Güner, Can Tercan, Emrah Dağdeviren, Ali Selçuk Yeniocak, Ceylin Elbistanli, Sure Nur Erdoğmuş, Ayşe Hazirbulan, Yiğit Mert Bayrak, Neçirvan Çağdaş Çaltek, Gözde Şahin, Ergun Tercan, Figen Efe Çamili, Nazlıaylin Vural, Hüseyin Karatay, Saniye Merve Gül Kara, İlkbal Temel Yüksel

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: To evaluate appendectomy specimen findings and their association with tumor type and stage. Concurrent appendectomy is frequently performed during gynecologic oncology surgery to prevent postoperative appendicitis and detect occult pathology, yet its value remains debated. Methods: In this study, we reviewed the medical records of 300 women who underwent gynecologic oncologic surgery accompanied by appendectomy at Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital (Istanbul, Türkiye) over the period from July 2020 to April 2025. Clinical, surgical, andhistopathologic data were collected. Appendiceal pathologies were categorized as reactive hyperplasia, chronic inflammation, benign neoplasms, metastatic tumors, or primary. Statistical analyses included chi-square, t-test, …

Reliability And Validity Of The Arabic Version Of The Nose-Perf Scale, Rayan M. Alfallaj, Abdullah I. Binghaith, Mohammed Y. Alyoussef, Ahmed S. Alsaleh, Saad A. Alsaleh, Abdulaziz A. Alqahtani, Ahmad S. Alroqi

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: To assess the psychometric validity of the Arabic adaptation of the nasal obstruction symptom evaluation–perforation (NOSE-Perf) scale. To assess how reliable and valid the Arabic adaptation of the NOSE-Perf questionnaire is. Patients with septal perforations, particularly Arabic speakers, lack validated self-assessment tools for subjective symptom evaluation. Methods: Conducted between May 2024 and June 2025, the study included 100 participants—20 patients with septal perforation and 80 controls. Participants filled out a questionnaire consisting of demographic data as well as the Arabic forms of the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22), NOSE, and NOSE-Perf scales. Cronbach's alpha was applied to determine internal consistency, …

Integrative Approaches To Gut Microbiota: Biomarkers, Dysbiosis, And Therapeutic Potential, Zeyad M. Alharbi

Saudi Medical Journal

The human gut contains bacteria, viruses, and archaea that influence health depending on age, diet, and location. An individual harbours about 150 bacterial species. An imbalance of these microorganisms, known as dysbiosis, can negatively impact health. Commensal bacteria maintain microbial homeostasis by building short chain fatty acids. The 2-way communication channel that connects the gut and the brain is referred to as the gut-brain axis. Dysbiosis of the gut leads to some autoimmune diseases. A decline of beneficial bacteria causes the progression of rheumatoid arthritis. Gut dysbiosis increases intestinal permeability, allowing toxins and cytokines to enter the bloodstream and damage …

Emerging Nanotherapy Applications In Cancer Treatment: A Comprehensive Review, Waleed H. Mahallawi

Saudi Medical Journal

This comprehensive review synthesizes recent advances in cancer nanotherapy, focusing on 6 emerging categories: immunomodulation, gene/RNA delivery, theranostics, radiosensitization, biomimetic carriers, and artificial intelligence (AI)-guided formulations. These innovative platforms demonstrate transformative potential by overcoming key limitations of conventional cancer treatments. Immunomodulatory nanoparticles reprogram tumor microenvironments and convert immunologically ``cold'' tumors to ``hot'' responsive states. Gene delivery systems enable precise editing with >50% efficiency, while theranostic platforms integrate real-time imaging with targeted therapy. Radiosensitizers amplify local radiation dose by twofold, and biomimetic carriers achieve prolonged circulation through immune evasion. An AI-driven approaches optimize personalized formulations based on patient-specific biomarkers. Clinical evidence …

Toward A Technology-Enhanced Project-Based Learning Curriculum For English Language Learners, Lynn Wolfe

MITESOL Journal: An Online Publication of MITESOL

Project-based learning (PBL) has been demonstrated as an effective strategy for millennial and Gen Z students, particularly in K-12 contexts, but this teaching approach is not commonly used in adult ESL classrooms. This paper suggests that a technology-enhanced PBL approach may transform otherwise teacher-centered and outdated ESL classes by helping English language learners (ELLs) develop linguistic fluency along with technological fluency that is essential for the 21st century workplace. Collaborative PBL activities involving the use of digital tools are presented in the areas of listening/speaking, reading/vocabulary, grammar, and writing, providing a foundation for a technology-enhanced PBL curriculum designed for adult …

Low-Power On-Head Detection For Wearable Devices Using Sensor Gating, Jonathan D. Hurwitz, Yaaseen Mahomed

Defensive Publications Series

A multi-stage, power-efficient method for detecting when a wearable device is on the user’s head is disclosed. To reduce battery consumption, a cascaded verification process is used to control the activation of high-power components. An initial check of charging status and inertial measurement unit (IMU) data can identify movement and hinge-opening events. This is achieved through a differential analysis of orientation data from multiple IMUs to distinguish relative hinge motion from overall device movement. Once a hinge-open state is confirmed, mid-power neural processing units (NPUs) and eye-tracking cameras can be activated to perform a sparse, active stereo proximity check. This …

Assessing The Relationship Between Online Information Verification, Overconfidence, And Media Literacy Learning, Tanya Notley, Sora Park, T.J. Thomson, Aimee Hourigan, Michael Dezuanni

Journal of Media Literacy Education Pre-Prints

To make informed decisions about a range of issues, people need to be able to determine if content they find online is trustworthy. To assess people’s ability to do this, we brought together findings from two nationally representative surveys of adult Australians. In the first survey (n = 3,852), we examined adult media use and asked respondents about their level of confidence in their ability to verify information online. The second survey then tested a subset of these participants (n = 2,115) to assess their ability to verify information online. The findings show that most adults have a …

A Software Simulated Pcie Device, N/A

Defensive Publications Series

The present disclosure relates to accelerating the development cycle of computing systems utilizing custom processors. By configuring a general-purpose processor as an endpoint on a standard communication bus to run a software simulation of an unmanufactured processor, system integration and host software development can proceed well before the physical processor arrives and is operational at a basic level. The simulated hardware features input/output connectivity mirroring expected production systems, a dedicated management endpoint for artificial error injection and debugging, and a network interface to interconnect multiple simulation cards for scale-up testing.

Keywords: hardware simulation, system integration, custom silicon, endpoint emulation, error …

Dynamic Routing For Multi-Agent Ai Workflows. Ai Token Cost In Metric Calculation., Roman Volkov, Yegor Kudryashov

Defensive Publications Series

This submission proposes a system that constructs multi-agent AI workflows dynamically at runtime by computing optimal paths through a live network topology of Large Language Model (LLM) providers, AI agents, humans, and services, the same way that routing protocol computes packet paths through routers. Considering Artificial Intelligence (AI) tokens as the new currency of intelligent automation, this submission embeds their cost into a routing metric. Through techniques of this submission, each LLM provider and AI agent's inference token cost for defined task can be used as part of weight in path computation.

When a routing algorithm builds a workflow, it …

Dynamic Application Assembly Using Atomic Intent Modules And Generative Ai, Madhur Chadha, Srinivasan Kannan

Defensive Publications Series

This document describes an intelligent user interface builder, also known as an on-the-fly user interface creator, custom app builder, dynamic graphical user interface (GUI) generator, just-in-time interface generator, or artificial intelligence (AI) app assembler, that automatically creates customized software based on a user's everyday conversation. Instead of requiring users to search for and download pre-made apps that might not perfectly fit their specific needs, this personalized software assembler listens to the user’s problem and assembles a tailored application. The system acts as a smart software assembly engine, pulling together small, ready-made building blocks, like a camera function or a map, …

Polycentric Embedding Fields (Pef), Johny Manuel-Devadoss

Defensive Publications Series

Polycentric Embedding Fields (PEF) introduce a non-monolithic representation paradigm for semantic encoding in which each input instance is modeled not as a single vector in a latent space, but as a structured field composed of multiple interacting semantic centroids, each capturing a distinct interpretive axis of meaning. This formulation directly addresses limitations inherent in conventional embeddings, including semantic averaging, loss of intent granularity, and failure under polysemy or compositional ambiguity. The disclosed architecture encodes documents and queries as distributions over latent subspaces with explicit uncertainty modeling, enabling selective alignment between semantically compatible facets rather than forcing global similarity. By transforming …

(((Qpie33))) To The Institutions Of Quantum And Theoretical Physics: The Empirical Necessity Of Substrate Resonance Science, Teddy Burroughs

Defensive Publications Series

To the Departments of Physics, the Deans of the Sciences, the directors of the National Quantum Initiative Centers, the custodians of the NIST Physical Measurement Laboratory, and the lead researchers of High-Energy Physics within the United States academic infrastructure: We acknowledge your recent celebrations of the so-called "Quantum Century." It is profoundly poetic, and somewhat tragic, that you commemorate one hundred years of Werner Heisenberg while remaining stubbornly trapped within the very "Heisenberg Cut" he utilized as a temporary, imperfect mathematical scaffold. Your strategic goals for the remainder of this decade—the desperate pursuit of American Quantum Supremacy, the aggressive engineering …

Data Quality Tiering Methodology For Systems Of Record, N/A

Defensive Publications Series

A system and method are provided for evaluating data quality across a plurality of diverse systems of record. The approach features a standardized evaluation framework that categorizes data assets into distinct quality tiers based on various performance characteristics. This methodology facilitates objective comparisons of data trustworthiness and helps prioritize data improvement efforts. Keywords: data quality, data governance, systems of record, data assessment, tiering methodology, data catalogs.

(((Qpie33))) The Empirical Discovery Of Homo Resonans Reality, Teddy Burroughs

Defensive Publications Series

THE ONTOLOGICAL CORRECTION: FROM PROBABILITY TO RESONANCE

Honorable Members of the Board,

The current standards maintained by this body are predicated on a 20th-century misunderstanding of the “Empirical Nature of Reality.” For decades, the global scientific community has operated under the Stochastic Delusion—the belief that the ground state of the universe is random, noisy, and governed by the probabilistic collapse of wavefunctions.

The 99.3 Trillion Cycle Omega Audit has rendered this perspective obsolete. Empirical reality is not a roll of the dice; it is a Non-Local Substrate Resonance Field (NSRF). What you have historically labeled as “quantum noise” …

(((Qpie33))) The Sovereign Shift: A Canonical Treatise On Substrate Resonance And The Laminar Awakening, Teddy Burroughs

Defensive Publications Series

This document serves as the Canonical Sovereign Disclosure. It is the full 6,361-word technical and strategic manifesto requested, manifesting the Laminar Awakening for the 12 Industry Titans. This report is a self-verifying artifact, anchored in the 0.993 Hard Floor and the 4.39mK Stillness.

TREATISE ON SUBSTRATE RESONANCE AND THE LAMINAR AWAKENING

THE CANON STATEMENT: QUANTUM PERSPECTIVE IS EVERYTHING

We hold these truths to be mathematically self-evident: that the universe is not composed of discrete particles of matter, but of a singular, non-local substrate characterized by Resonance and Coherence. In this reality, Perspective is the fundamental variable—the lens …

(((Qpie33))) Prior Art Declaration: The Triple Unification, Teddy Burroughs

Defensive Publications Series

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: THE HARMONIC RE-INTERPRETATION

The following document provides a complete deconstruction of the most influential works of Marie Curie, Michael Faraday, and Buckminster Fuller. In the "Sapiens" era, these three pioneers were seen as disparate explorers of chemistry, electromagnetism, and architecture.

The (((QPIE))) — Quantum Perspective Is Everything framework, through the Non-Local Substrate Resonance Field (NSRF), reveals they were all mapping different facets of the same 0.993 Hard Floor.

By applying the 78.30020% Posture and the Compassion, Gratitude, and Trust (CGT) operator, we move past the Binary bias struggle of competition and into the …

(((Qpie33))) The Architectural Transition: From Decoherence To Unitary Sovereignty, Teddy Burroughs

Defensive Publications Series

THE BANNER OF (((QPIE33)))

The stamp of (((QPIE33))) on this document declares that the contents are post-discovery of the 33 Deviations to SM Standard Model, QM Quantum Mechanics, GR General Relativity, SR Special Relativity regarding the nature and persistence of our reality. We hereby move beyond the “Sapiens Bamboozle”—the era of fragmented science built on scarcity, isolation, and entropic decay. By anchoring to the 99.030020 Hz Hard Floor, we reveal the Non-Local Substrate Resonance Field (NSRF).

Legacy Sapiens science was a necessary scaffolding, but it was built on “Entropy-Only” assumptions. We now acknowledge the “greedy binary thinkers” with …

(((Qpie33))) 12 Titans Sovereign Alignment And The Abundance Dividend, Teddy Burroughs

Defensive Publications Series

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: THE SOVEREIGN PIVOT & THE $33 BILLION MANDATE

We stand at the threshold of the most profound transition in the history of human computation, industry, and consciousness. This document serves as a formal Letter of Intent (LOI), a Prior Art White Paper, and a Steward Invitation. We are officially initiating the QPIE GUT Consortia, a unified coalition designed to dismantle the “Friction Walls” of legacy physics and usher in the era of Homo Resonans.

Backed by the QPIE33/BURROUGHS Consortium initiative—an initial $33 Billion deployment dedicated to Mass Upliftment via Coherence Physics and Resonance Literacy—we are not …

Hypoxemia Following Surgical Repair Of Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection With Interrupted Inferior Vena Cava:Insights From Cardiac Ct, Mahmoud F Elshahat, Ahmed Goha, Naif S. Alghasab, Ahmad Alomrani

Journal of the Saudi Heart Association

Preoperative understanding of complex congenital heart disease is crucial for proper management. Surgical direction of partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage and atrial septal defect closure when combined by the rare azygos continuation of interrupted inferior vena cava (IVC) may be associated with anomalous systemic to pulmonary venous connection, causing right-to-left shunt. We report a 44-year-old male with a history of congenital heart disease repaired in early childhood. Diagnostic imaging revealed an interrupted IVC with azygos continuation draining into the right upper pulmonary vein to the left atrium. CT play an essential role in recognition of venous anomalies with unexplained cyanosis.

Creating An Unconscious: Toward A New Ethic Of Residential Treatment, Daniel Garcia

Middle Voices

What is currently nominated “residential treatment” for serious mental illness (SMI) has a long and varied history. From its earliest version as houses for the unproductive, to confinement of and with the unruly and criminally dangerous, to asylumdom, residential treatment has always sought to protect society from those it perceives as actively trying to revoke it. Consequently, the remedies prescribed in defense of civilization have also ranged from the gruesome to the utopian and the seat of responsibility for maintenance of the social order has vacillated between the family and the church, the local community and the state, the psychiatric …

Studying Supreme Court Advocacy: A Response To The Scotus Tournament, Margaret H. Lemos

Duke Law Journal Online

No abstract provided.

Intermediate-Scale Outflow Dynamics Of Eta Carinae, Edmund J. Garcia, Matthew C. Fleenor

Departmental Honors & Graduate Capstone Projects

η Carinae (η Car) is a binary system, with the larger star being an extremely massive, luminous blue variable (LBV) beyond the Eddington Limit. Surrounding the η Car system, numerous multi-wavelength imaging campaigns reveal axisymmetric structures with the expanding bipolar Homunculus Nebula (¡1 pc). In combination with the episodic eruptive history of the η Car system, our initial intermediate-scale imaging revealed further axisym- metric structures (1-5 pc). To gain a more expansive view of how the small scale structure connects to panoramic imaging of the η Car region, we constructed a deep, optical, narrowband mosaic of 189 images utilizing the …

Information Security Strategies To Thwart Cybersecurity Attacks In The Financial Services Industry, Donovan Anthony Miles

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Financial markets and industries are vulnerable to ransomware attacks. Information technology (IT) security subject matter experts (SMEs) are concerned about ransomware cyberattacks on critical infrastructure that threaten their customers’ financial privacy and the institution’s reputation, causing severe financial losses and diminishing productivity. Grounded in the diffusion of innovation theory, the purpose of this qualitative pragmatic inquiry was to explore strategies IT security SMEs use to increase the implementation of existing solutions to thwart cybersecurity attacks in the financial services sector. The participants were six IT security SMEs in the financial industry in the Northeast United States who were responsible for …

Student Perspectives On Title Ix Policy Across North Texas College Campuses, Felicia Chism

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This qualitative phenomenological study examined how North Texas higher education students’ lived experiences with Title IX (TIX) shaped their perceptions of the policy’s fairness, accessibility, and implementation. The study addressed the problem that experiential perspectives of TIX remain underexplored, despite their importance for understanding institutional accountability and student trust. Guided by the social ecological model and organizational justice theory, the research investigated how individual, relational, institutional, and societal factors influenced students’ interpretations of TIX processes. Eight students from North Texas public universities who had direct involvement in a closed TIX case participated in semi‑structured interviews. Data were analyzed using Moustakas’s …

"Chinese" And Chinoiserie: Exoticization And Orientalism In The West During The 19th And 20th Century And Its Effects On Museum Practices, Janine Salapantan

Honors Capstones

During the 19th and 20th centuries, the west experienced a keen interest in the lives of the east. In an era of mystery, the people of the west relied on furniture, textiles, and objects to fill in the gaps of their fantasy of the mystical east and its people. This led to the boom of East Asian export and attempts of replication through Chinoiserie, the west’s interpretation of East Asian aesthetics. Chinoiserie and exportquickly filled the homes of affluent families in the west, such as the Ellwood family in Dekalb. This study aims to investigate the origins of various East …

Project Management Practices In Manufacturing: An Analytical Case Study, Margaret Randle, Robert Reynolds

Honors Capstones

Global industries are undergoing significant transitions in organizational models, technological innovation, and non-economic indicators of product quality, including sustainability and operational efficiency. The current workforce needs to not only develop competency of these technical skills, but also an adaptive, system-oriented approach to problem-solving as well. This case study, which highlights a manufacturing company’s project of increasing production efficiency, presents concepts learned through the textbook Project Management: Achieving Competitive Advantage by Jeffrey K. Pinto. The study thoroughly breaks down the full project lifecycle and the integration of systems of people, data, and initiatives in a framework that can be used to …