Digital Commons Network^™

Dicta Mines, Pretext, And Excessive Force: Toward Criminal Procedure Futurism, Frank Rudy Cooper

Scholarly Works

Scholars have recently criticized Fourth Amendment pretext doctrine for leading to more police contact with Black and Brown people and thus to racially disproportionate uses of excessive force. This Essay reveals the intersection of the Court’s pretext and excessive force doctrines by unearthing their shared roots in the 1973 United States v. Robinson search-incident-to-arrest opinion.

This Essay’s new insight is that Robinson contains what it calls a “dicta mine.” A dicta mine is (1) an unnecessary statement that (2) a Court silently recharacterizes as having already resolved an issue, (3) exploding it into a significant doctrine. The Robinson dicta mine …

Deep Adaptive Graph Clustering Via Von Mises-Fisher Distributions, Pengfei Wang, Daqing Wu, Chong Chen, Kunpeng Liu, Yanjie Fu, Jianqiang Huang, Yuanchun Zhou, Jianfeng Zhan, Xiansheng Hua

Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Graph clustering has been a hot research topic and is widely used in many fields, such as community detection in social networks. Lots of works combining auto-encoder and graph neural networks have been applied to clustering tasks by utilizing node attributes and graph structure. These works usually assumed the inherent parameters (i.e., size and variance) of different clusters in the latent embedding space are homogeneous, and hence the assigned probability is monotonous over the Euclidean distance between node embeddings and centroids. Unfortunately, this assumption usually does not hold since the size and concentration of different clusters can be quite different, …

A Use Case Of Chatgpt: Summary Of An Expert Panel Discussion On Electronic Health Records And Implementation Science, Seppo T Rinne, Julian Brunner, Timothy P Hogan, Jacqueline M Ferguson, Drew A Helmer, Sylvia J Hysong, Grace Mckee, Amanda Midboe, Megan E Shepherd-Banigan, A Rani Elwy

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Objective: Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing healthcare, but less is known about how it may facilitate methodological innovations in research settings. In this manuscript, we describe a novel use of AI in summarizing and reporting qualitative data generated from an expert panel discussion about the role of electronic health records (EHRs) in implementation science.

Materials and methods: 15 implementation scientists participated in an hour-long expert panel discussion addressing how EHRs can support implementation strategies, measure implementation outcomes, and influence implementation science. Notes from the discussion were synthesized by ChatGPT (a large language model-LLM) to generate a manuscript summarizing the discussion, …

Portland State University Promotion And Tenure Guidelines, Portland State University Faculty Senate

Portland State University Promotion and Tenure Guidelines

This record contains Portland State University's Promotion and Tenure Guidelines. The guidelines govern the promotion and evaluation of Faculty at Portland state including but not limited to promotion, tenure, post-tenure review, merit, and more.

Whiteness As The Standard: Shifting Ideologies, Race, And Social Context, Kelsey Swift

Publications and Research

In previous work, I have documented and analyzed the persistence of mainstream ideologies around ’standard’ and ’nonstandard’ American English in the adult ESOL classroom and their connection to linguistic racism and anti-Blackness. This study explores how these ideologies developed more broadly, employing elements of raciolinguistic genealogy and metapragmatics to analyze historical language scholarship. I find that while the linguistic features of ‘nonstandard’ English have remained remarkably consistent in the popular imagination, they became increasingly linked with Blackness, especially during and after white backlash to the Great Migration (and other cultural and political changes) in the mid-20th century. I argue that …

The Spillover Of Us Monetary Policy On Eu Agricultural Prices: A Panel Varx Analysis, Mishuk Roy

Agribusiness and Applied Economics

This research examines the nexus between US monetary policy shocks and agricultural prices of the EU. Utilizing monthly prices of beef, wheat, and barley of 21 EU countries, we estimate the impact of US monetary policy shocks on these three agricultural prices in a Panel Vector Autoregression with Exogenous Variables (PVARX) framework. We find that a contractionary monetary policy shock in the US has heterogeneous effects across the storable and non-storable commodity prices in the EU. Specifically, a contractionary monetary policy shock in the US reduces EU wheat and barley prices and increases EU beef prices. However, the estimated impulse …

Photo-Induced Charge State Dynamics Of The Neutral And Negatively Charged Silicon Vacancy Centers In Room-Temperature Diamond, G. Garcia-Arellano, G. I. López-Morales, N. B. Manson, J. Flick, A. A. Wood, C. A. Meriles

Publications and Research

The silicon vacancy (SiV) center in diamond is drawing much attention due to its optical and spin properties, attractive for quantum information processing and sensing. Comparatively little is known, however, about the dynamics governing SiV charge state interconversion mainly due to challenges associated with generating, stabilizing, and characterizing all possible charge states, particularly at room temperature. Here, multi-color confocal microscopy and density functional theory are used to examine photo-induced SiV recombination — from neutral, to single-, to double-negatively charged — over a broad spectral window in chemical-vapor-deposition (CVD) diamond under ambient conditions. For the SiV⁰ to SiV^‒ transition, …

It Is Normal: The Probability Distribution Of Temperature Extremes, Nir Y. Krakauer

Publications and Research

The probability of heat extremes is often estimated using the non-stationary generalized extreme value distribution (GEVD) applied to time series of annual maximum temperature. Here, this practice was assessed using a global sample of temperature time series, from reanalysis (both at the grid point and the region scale) as well as station observations. This assessment used forecast negative log-likelihood as the main performance measure, which is particularly sensitive to the most extreme heat waves. It was found that the computationally simpler normal distribution outperforms the GEVD in providing probabilistic year-ahead forecasts of temperature extremes. Given these findings, it is suggested …

Sharing Stories Of Hope And Transformation In U.S. Higher Education: An Ereader By Portland State University Students, Óscar Fernández, David Peterson Del Mar

PDXOpen: Open Educational Resources

This eReader showcases stories of hope and transformation written by diverse students enrolled in University Studies courses at Portland State University. The goal is to motivate first-year and transfer students to see that, in higher education, they are not alone in their personal, familial, and academic struggles—and personal, familial, and educational achievements.

Targeted, Harassed, And Displaced: The Role Of Discrimination In Oregon Evictions, Alex Farrington, Natalie J. Cholula, Lisa K. Bates

Urban Studies and Planning Faculty Publications and Presentations

Drawing on focus groups with 101 Oregon tenants who have experienced an eviction since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, this report examines the role that discrimination plays in Oregon evictions. As this is not a legal investigation, we do not focus solely on legally-actionable or provable claims. Rather, we include a wide range of tenants’ descriptions of their experiences with unfair, malicious, or prejudicial treatment. We find that many tenants are specifically targeted for eviction or experience prejudicial treatment during the eviction process because of their identity or background. This includes being treated unfairly based on tenants’ race, language, …

Suitability Analysis Of Public And Institutional Lands For The Oregon Farm To Institution Collaborative, Megan Horst, Maura Paxton

Urban Studies and Planning Faculty Publications and Presentations

This report provides a statewide view of public and institutional lands that may be suitable for farm to institution food production in Oregon. The goal is to assist the Oregon Farm to Institution Collaboration, and particularly the Land Access and Shared Assets Work Group, in identifying possible lands for farmers and food producers to grow food for schools, hospitals, and other institutions.

We start by comparing Oregon to other states, in terms of their public land access efforts around farm to institution or other related agriculture. We also showcase some interesting cases which may serve as inspiration to Oregonians. The …

Subito 2024, Portland State University. School Of Music & Theater

Subito: Student Voices from Portland State University School of Music & Theater

Issue 7, Spring 2024

The central theme for this year's journal is the body and wellness of the musician. The journal also includes a faculty spotlight with School of Music & Theater Director of the Coordinate Movement Program Lisa Marsh, research articles, an album review and so much more!

Looking At The Past To Change The Future: Showcasing Featured Collections, Building Communities, And Co-Creating, Sherry Buchanan

Library Faculty and Staff Publications and Presentations

Academic libraries have the opportunity and the responsibility to promote and advance content that creates transformative and iterative learning opportunities. To that end, and in an effort to build communities and facilitate co-creation, Portland State University showcases three main Featured Collections in our open access repository, PDXScholar: Climate Justice, COVID-19, and Racial and Gender Equity, with a fourth pilot collection—Student Work: An Open Showcase of Outstanding Student-Created Research & Creative Work—under development. The collections include a broad range of audiovisual materials, such as podcasts and webinar series, as well as sustainability and equity work, student-created content, and numerous future-focused multidisciplinary …

Developmental Change In English-Learning Children’S Interpretations Of Salient Pitch Contours In Word Learning, Carolyn M. Quam, Daniel Swingley

Speech and Hearing Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

To efficiently recognize words, children learning an intonational language like English should avoid interpreting pitch-contour variation as signaling lexical contrast, despite the relevance of pitch at other levels of structure. Thus far, the developmental time-course with which English-learning children rule out pitch as a contrastive feature has been incompletely characterized. Prior studies have tested diverse lexical contrasts and have not tested beyond 30 months. To specify the developmental trajectory over a broader age range, we extended a prior study (Quam & Swingley, 2010), in which 30-month-olds and adults disregarded pitch changes, but attended to vowel changes, in newly learned words. …

Physiological And Psychological Differences Between 20% Grade Incline Walking And Level-Grade Jogging At Isocaloric Intensity, Motoki Sato

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

High-incline walking is a relatively new trend with little comparative information. This study compared physiological and psychological differences between high-incline walking at 20% grade (HIW) and level-grade jogging (LGJ) at isocaloric intensities in young adults. Twenty-two participants (M=11, F=11) aged 19-31 years completed the study. Participants completed HIW and LGJ on a treadmill for twenty minutes on two separate occasions and matched at isocaloric intensities. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE), maintainability (HCM), and affective valence using the Feeling Scale (FS) were measured at minutes 2, 10, and 20. Gas exchange and heart rate (HR) were continuously recorded. Post-exercise, participants completed …

Neurocinematics And Empathy: How Cognitive Neuroscience Enhances Our Understanding Of Emotional Responses Of Film, Kira Trinity

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Cinema is a medium that is beloved around the globe since its inception over a century ago. There have been speculations on how it is that cinema works, from editing to emotional processing of the story, but only recently have we begun to explore the inner workings of cinematic impact on the brain. In this paper we will review research on cinematic impact and define cinematic editing, discuss the birth of “neurocinematics”, highlight what we have observed with regards to neuroimaging and empathy when viewing films, and speculate on how our responses to cinema may be driven by the Mirror …

Scale And Habitat Effects On Measurement Of Streptomyces Biogeography And Biodiversity, Terilyn A. Stoflet

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Bacteria in the genus Streptomyces are detected in most soils around the world, as well as on and in seeds, plants, animals, insects and the wind. Currently, more than 700 valid species of Streptomyces have been identified worldwide. Streptomyces produce the majority of antibiotics, antivirals and antifungals, as well as important agricultural bioactive molecules due to their unique genetic capabilities. Their distinct genetic abilities allow them to produce an unlimited amount of biosynthetic gene clusters, or BGC’s. Although many compounds come from Streptomyces, scientists have not discovered the biogeographic patterns of this genus. The biogeography of Streptomyces is a …

Using Novel And Traditional Survey Techniques To Monitor Small Mammal Species In Northwestern California, Sydney Mccluskey

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Small mammal species play a critical role in forest ecosystems contributing significantly to overall forest biodiversity and ecological dynamics. Forest-dwelling species are among the most vulnerable to habitat loss and fragmentation. It is essential to develop efficient techniques for monitoring small mammal populations in forested ecosystems to inform conservation efforts and management plans; yet, monitoring small mammals in these habitats can be particularly challenging due to their size, activity patterns, and frequently nocturnal nature. In this study, I aimed to address two primary research objectives: 1) compare the effectiveness of 3 distinct camera-trap survey techniques (i.e., ground, tree, and tube) …

Temperature Driven Variability In Bull Kelp (Nereocystis Luetkeana) Early Life Stages: A Comparative Study Of California Populations, Marzia Fattori

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

This study investigated the effects of elevated temperatures on the reproductive and developmental stages of Nereocystis luetkeana, a crucial brown macroalgae found along the western coast of North America. My objectives were to 1) evaluate the impact of increasing temperature on the abundance of gametophytes from various sites, 2) determine the length of gametophytes that were affected by temperature on day 10 of culture, 3) assess the presence or absence of oocytes, sporophytes (young vs. multicellular), and abnormal cells, to understand the reproductive and stress responses to higher temperatures, and 4) determine if there is variation among early developmental …

The Impact Of A Structured Exercise Program On The Pre-Established Exercise Goals For Individuals With Disabilities, Emily C. Batini

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

This study aimed to identify the efficacy of a structured exercise program emphasizing family involvement and self-determination theory in meeting pre-established fitness goals for adults with disabilities. To measure physical strength and endurance changes, the 6-minute walk test, the curl-up, and push-up tests were utilized. A single-subject changing-criterion design was used in this study over the course of six weeks. Results indicated a positive relationship between the intervention and increased physical strength and endurance, according to testing results. Few participants met the criterion for each phase. However, many did demonstrate an increase in the distance walked, push-ups, and curl-ups completed …

Satellite-Based Phenology And Climate Anomaly Analysis In Evaluating The Response Of Puerto Rico And The U.S. Virgin Islands Tropical Forests To The 2015-2016 Drought, Sean Fleming

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

The health and overall resilience of tropical forest ecosystems are closely tied to the timing of phenological events. One must consider how forests react to significant climate anomalies to forecast the possible effects of climate change. This research study utilized U.S. Forest Service Forest Inventory Analysis (FIA) plot-level data and Landsat satellite data together to determine if these datasets are valuable techniques to understand the impacts of the 2015-2016 drought on Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands (PRVI). I did remote sensing analysis on PRVI to produce repaired and near cloud-free satellite imagery, producing dozens of phenometrics of all …

Characterizing The Beneficial Uses Of The Arcata Marsh Constructed Wetland Treatment System And Wildlife Sanctuary, Andrew S. Wolff

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

The Arcata Marsh Constructed Wetland Treatment System and Wildlife Sanctuary, located in Arcata California, has been in operation since 1986. Not only has it served as the wastewater treatment facility for the city, it has also provided other beneficial uses such as acting as a sanctuary for bird, mammal, amphibian, and macroinvertebrate species. With facility upgrades currently underway, it has become important to revisit the beneficial uses of the Arcata Marsh. This project aimed to identify and characterize these beneficial uses. Literature review was conducted, and eleven beneficial uses were identified. Existing and newly obtained data were analyzed to characterize …

The Potential For Competency-Based Teaching Methodologies To Increase Intervention Procedural Fidelity And Reduce Self-Reported Verbal Behavior Associated With Turnover In Behavior Technicians, Dean I. Shearer

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Within the field of applied behavior analysis, behavior technicians (staff who are supervised by behavioral analysists and provide direct services to clients) experience relatively high rates of turnover. It is possible that improved teaching methodologies which boost the efficacy of these staff may help reduce this turnover by reducing verbal behavior associated with burnout and improve perceptions of training and supervision. We compared intervention procedural fidelity and staff ratings of burnout, supervision, and satisfaction with training following a didactic training, a behavioral skills training, and after a month-long follow up. We found that when mastery criteria were set sufficiently high …

Human Cell Modeling Of Cdkl5-Deficiency Disorder With Patient-Derived Organoids And Hd-Mea, Alyssa Paynton

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD) is an X-linked disorder that leads to severe cognitive impairments as well as infantile epilepsy. The only FDA approved therapy helps to reduce seizure frequency, however there are currently no cures approved. While murine models have proven useful in characterizing CDD, there are limitations due to differences in brain structure and development across species that may lead to the reported lack of spontaneous seizures in the mouse, a hallmark in humans affected by this disorder. By the utilization of patient-specific iPSCs generated into cerebral organoids, a more comprehensive and in-depth analysis into rare neurological disorders, such …

Finding Connection: Teaching With Culturally Responsive Texts, Chloe N. Pounds

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Deciding which texts to teach in English Language Arts (ELA) classrooms poses challenges for educators. Traditionally, many teachers rely on established curricula, however, the increasing diversity of student populations highlights the need for texts that reflect student interests and backgrounds, as well as the need for culturally responsive pedagogical practices. To investigate student perceptions and benefits of culturally diverse texts, I created a short story unit and collected student reflections and teacher observations.

Drought's Lingering Shadow: Monitoring The Recovery Of Sagebrush Steppe Plant Communities After Four Years Of Experimental Drought, Francisco Jesus Chavez

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Droughts are projected to increase in frequency and intensity due to climate change, which will significantly impact terrestrial ecosystems. However, the response magnitude will vary depending on a system's resistance and resilience to drought. Furthermore, drought may elicit different responses within the hierarchical levels of plant communities (i.e., individual, community, or ecosystem responses). These effects can extend beyond the drought's duration as legacies persist and influence previously disturbed systems. I assessed whether hierarchical responses occurred within two different adjacent sagebrush plant communities, dominated by Artemisia arbuscula and Artemisia cana, during and after an experimental drought. I used nondestructive point frame …

Exploring The Realities Of Queer/Trans, Black, Indigenous, And/Or People Of Color Students At Humboldt State University, Kat Hồng Nguyễn

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

In this thesis, I use participant interviews with 12 queer student activists at Humboldt State University (now Cal Poly Humboldt) and participant observation from 2019-2021 to provide a qualitative analysis of Queer, Trans, Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (QTBIPOC) student knowledge. While student activism is not a primary site of analysis in this paper, all of the participants of this study identify as student activists which has implications on their overall experience. Participants in this study note the institutional efforts to disrupt institutional memory between student leaders and activists. This study was specifically designed to combat this issue by …

The Effect Of Interval Time On Time To Exhaustion During High Intensity Interval Training Running In Recreational Male Runners, Abraham Castrejon

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

High Intensity interval Training (HIIT) in running prescription can be applied in a variety of different ways, but HIIT prescription lacks specificity and efficiency in determining what duration of interval is optimal for improved aerobic performance. The purpose of this study was to test different HIIT protocols with a 1:1 ratio active: recovery intervals of 2:2 minute (Protocol 1), 4:4 minute (Protocol 2) and a continuous run trial (CRT). Seven recreational male runners (Age= 23.1 ± 3.4 yr, Height= 1.80 ± 0.1, Weight= 75.8 ± 9.6) performed a maximal oxygen consumption test (60.5 ± 4.9 ml/kg/min) with a graded exercise …

Assessing Relocation Habitats And Assisted Migration Of The Lassics Lupine, An Endangered California Serpentine-Endemic, Caitlyn M. Allchin

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

The Lassics lupine, Lupinus constancei, is a serpentine species endemic to the Lassics Mountains of northern California, listed as critically imperiled and federally endangered. Increased encroachment from reduced fire intervals has led to elevated herbivory from small mammals. While deployment of exclosure cages has decreased negative impacts, diminishing snowpack from shifting climate continues to threaten the Lassics lupine. To locate possible refugia, I evaluated alternative sites for assisted migration. I built a habitat suitability model (HSM) using MaxEnt software and WorldClim variables to predict optimal habitat. I then evaluated aerial imagery, topography, and geology to identify areas for microhabitat …

Using Habitat Modeling To Locate New Populations Of Dunn's Salamander (Plethodon Dunni) Near Its Southern Geographic Range Limit, Mary A. Mackey

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Habitat suitability models were utilized to direct survey efforts for Plethodon dunni in Northern California. Two models were created, one using traditional statistical methods (GLM or Generalized Linear Modeling) and the other using a machine learning method (MaxEnt or Maximum Entropy modeling). Plots were selected from areas of agreement and disagreement between the models to carry out presence surveys. The MaxEnt model yielded better predictions than the GLM model. The two models had three variables in common (annual temperature range, precipitation of driest month, and precipitation seasonality) and predicted suitable habitat within the known range of P. dunni. The …