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Leading With Data, Leading With Ethics: A Practical Ethics Guide In Statistics And Data Analysis For Educational Leaders, Elliott Ostler, Tami Williams, John Schultz

School Leadership Review

Abstract:

In today's data-driven and data-informed educational landscape, leaders face increasing pressure to make decisions and present results based on what appear to be comprehensive statistical analyses. However, the ethical implications of these responsibilities can be complex, particularly when statistical results carry the potential to be miscommunicated, misinterpreted, misrepresented, or even misused. This article explores some of the critical aspects of ethical statistical practices in educational leadership and provides practical considerations for leaders in using and presenting data responsibly. Specifically, the narrative contained herein emphasizes ethical practice associated with statistics and data analysis, not simply the ethics of general research …

Design Of Pseudo-Lfsr Based Physical Unclonable Function, Jeeru Dinesh Reddy, Ajaykumar Devarapalli, Radha Rc, K Panduranga Vittal

The Journal of Engineering Research

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are primarily used for authenticating hardware devices. The objective of this research is to generate a large set of challenge-response pairs to strengthen the PUF. The Pseudo-LFSR PUF design relies on LFSR but does not contain any shift register; instead, it employs combinational circuits like inverters and XOR gates. The PUF's strength is based on the quantity of challenge-response pairs it possesses, with a larger set indicating better security and authentication. The proposed PUF has significant advantages, such as producing a large-bit response, with n bits of response captured from a single n-bit challenge. Moreover, the …

Pedal Energy – Photovoltaic (Pv) Integration As An Environmentally Friendly Alternative Energy, Yusnaini Arifin, Agustinus Kali, Ramang Magga, Andry Gunawan, Saddam Husen

The Journal of Engineering Research

Photovoltaic is Renewable Energy (RE) sourced from the sun. Apart from PV, pedal power generation is also a form of RE that can be used as alternative electrical energy because humans generate this energy in the pedalling mechanism. Furthermore, single use of renewable energy has limited continuity in the load supply because it relies heavily on sources that are only available sometimes. As proposed in this research, integrating several renewable energies, such as PV and pedal energy, could be a solution. This pedal generator uses a static bicycle to produce electrical energy by utilizing the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) …

Preparation And Application Of Conductive Technical Fabrics To Smart Textiles, Nsreen Alatrash, Ziad Saffour, Ghazal Tuhmaz

The Journal of Engineering Research

Cotton fabrics were used in this study to create electrically conductive pathways through printing with conductive materials. Graphite and a mixture of graphite oxide with manganese oxide were utilized as conductive inks in screen printing. To create the conductive ink, conductive materials were mixed with other substances such as thickener, moisturizer, and water. The viscosity of the ink was 10 mPa.s. After printing on the cotton fabric samples, the effect of conductive concentration on electrical conductivity was examined. It was found that a 5% concentration of graphite achieved the highest conductivity (1.75 × 10-5 S.cm-1). To further improve conductivity, multiple …

Tracking Stray Camels Crossing The Roads To Prevent Vehicle Accidents In Oman, Murshid Abdullah Al Alawi, Shaik Mazhar Hussain Shaik, Shaik Mazhar Hussain

The Journal of Engineering Research

The work presented in this paper addresses the problem of vehicle accidents due to stray camels crossing the roads by notifying the drivers about camels’ existence and location. Subsequently, the drivers can take precautionary measures to prevent collisions with camels. This is achieved by developing a system consisting of two parts. The first part is a bracelet tied to the camel's neck, and the second is the mobile application installed on the driver's mobile device. Hence, this proposed work aims to prevent road accidents in Oman due to stray camels moving freely on the roads and achieving safer travel during …

A Comparative Study Of Filtration Rate Of Water-Based Mud Between Silica And Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Of Different Sizes For The Deep Well Application, Almotasim Alkalbani, Girma Chala, Alhaitham M. Alkalbani

The Journal of Engineering Research

In the oil and gas industry, drilling mud plays a vital role in the drilling process. However, during the drilling process, various factors such as the filtration process, the formation of a mud paste, and the pressure variation on the well walls can significantly impact the designs and complications in the well, in addition to changing the characteristics of the reservoir. One of the challenges in the drilling process is the leaching process, which can cause various problems including the rearrangement of pressure in the vicinity of the wellbore, swelling, and a variation in the strength characteristics of the rocks. …

Performance Of Mineral Oil Based Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Nanolubricant In Vapor Compression Refrigeration System: An Experimental Study, Nawaz Ahmad, Mohammad Tariq, Afzal Husain

The Journal of Engineering Research

Extensive research has been carried out in order to design a refrigeration system that is efficient and consumes less power. Several researchers have explored various techniques to decrease the power usage of compressors and increase the coefficient of performance (COP) of refrigeration systems by utilizing nanoparticles. The remarkable properties of nanoparticles, including their exceptional thermo-physical and tribological characteristics, have made their usage in a variety of thermal applications. This study investigated the performance of a hydrocarbon blend refrigerant also known as Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), mixed with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) nanolubricant made from mineral oil (MO) at different concentrations …

Analysis And Characterization Of Tio2 Nanoparticle Effect On Aluminum Matrix Nanocomposites By Stir Casting, Riyadh A. Al-Samarai, Abdulsalam Y. Obaid

The Journal of Engineering Research

The objective of this study was to use stir casting to create aluminum matrix nanocomposites with a uniform dispersion of TiO₂ nanoparticles to evaluate their effect on the performance of aluminum-based products. Microstructural analysis significantly reduced the grain size, with an average drop of 18.2%. This suggests that the TiO2 nanoparticles affect the mineral matrix, which improves the mechanical properties. With the incorporation of TiO2 particles, the results showed improvements in stiffness (6.97%), nominal stress (27.92%), actual failure stress (25.6%), and ultimate stress (26.1%). Outperforming commercially pure aluminum, the mechanical properties of the resulting nanocomposites were significantly improved by …

Data Mining For Enhanced Security: A Transformative Framework For Smart Grid Protection, Rabie A. Ramadan, Muataz S. Al-Daweri

The Journal of Engineering Research

Smart grids fall at the intersection of conventional energy systems and modern informatics in the present digitalized energy environment. The growing number of linked devices and sensors in these networks leads to the generation of complex structures and vast quantities of data, presenting benefits and challenges. Safeguarding these complex structures against malicious intrusions and illegal activities is an important problem. The paper's main objective is to enhance smart grid security by utilizing the data mining and Artificial Intelligence (AI) approaches. As huge amounts of data are collected from the smart grids based on tiny and smart internet of things (IoT) …

Reinforcement Learning-Driven Decision-Making For Live Virtual Machine Migration In Fog Computing, Shahd Alqam, Nasser Al- Zidi, Abderrezak Touzene, Khaled Day

The Journal of Engineering Research

Virtualization is an essential mechanism in fog computing that enables elasticity and isolation, which in turn helps achieve resource efficiency. To bring high flexibility in a fog environment, migration of virtual machines from one node to another is required. This can be achieved by live virtual machine migration to reduce downtime and delays. Multiple existing studies have discussed live virtual machine migration in a fog environment. However, these studies have some limitations, such as pre-migrating the virtual machines based on mobility prediction only or based on the load only, which causes an issue of late and early handover. Due to …

Modified Best Channel Quality Indicator Scheduler For Heterogeneous Lte-A Network, Edidiong-Obong Ekpo, Kufre Udofia, Akaninyene Obot

The Journal of Engineering Research

In this paper, a Long-Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) Modified Best Channel Quality Indicator (M-BCQI) Scheduler is proposed for enhanced cell edge throughput performance. The scheduling algorithm utilizes two time slots, each of 0.5 ms in length, with the First Time Slot (FTS) implemented with the Best Channel Quality Indicator (BCQI) algorithm has a CQI-focused Resource Block (RB) allocation mechanism, while the Robin (RR) algorithm is the mechanism used in the Second Time Slot (STS) for RB allocation. Vienna LTE system level simulator was used for the proposed scheduling algorithm assessment. The results obtained showed significant improvement, indicating 44% superior cell edge …

Development Of Selenium-Silica Nanocomposites By Sol-Gel Process Utilizing Three Different Reducing Agents And Its Characterization, Soumya Mukherjee

The Journal of Engineering Research

Nanocrystalline Selenium was synthesized within a silica matrix using a sol-gel method with high-purity SeO₂, ethyl alcohol, distilled water, and TEOS (Tetraethyl orthosilicate). This process encapsulated the selenium dioxide in the silica matrix, which was then reduced at about 100^°C using an oil bath. Three reducing agents were employed: acetone vapor, and sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) and hydrazine (N₂H₄) in liquid form. DSC-TGA analyses of the precursor mixture determined the crystallization temperature for selenium nanoparticle formation within the matrix to be around 100^°C. Post-heating phase analysis via XRD revealed …

Efficiency Enhancement Of Photovoltaic Solar Cells Using Metamaterials Absorbing Screen, Haitham Al Ajmi, Mohammed Bait-Suwailam, Mahmoud Masoud

The Journal of Engineering Research

This paper proposes a novel technique for the efficiency enhancement of photovoltaic (PV) solar cells using metamaterials absorbing screens. This kind of engineered material comprises resonant metallic rings that are printed on a host low-loss dielectric substance and made periodic in a two-dimensional lattice. The absorbing screen has been carefully designed, and its retrieved effective constitutive parameters, effective electric permittivity ϵ_eff and effective magnetic permeability µ_eff, are integrated within a numerically modelled amorphous-Silicon-based PV solar cell structure as an impedance matching layer. Such arrangement will greatly achieve matching between the effective impedance of the composite solar cell …

Comparing Dispersion Compensation Methods For 120 Gb/S Optical Transmission: Pre, Post, And Symmetrical Schemes, Ammar Odeh

The Journal of Engineering Research

One of the major factors that limit the performance of an optical fiber communication system is
dispersion. In order to get a high transmission range with high data rates, techniques must be in place to compensate for the dispersion caused by fiber nonlinearity. Dispersion Compensating Fiber (DCF) and Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) are the trending dispersion compensation techniques in optical fiber communication. The use of DCF and FBG as a method of dispersion compensation can notably enhance the overall performance of the system. Broadening is a function of distance as well as the Dispersion parameter (D). The dispersion parameter is …

A Structured Reliability And Maintainability Assessment Model: An Application To High Voltage Motors, Majdi M. Obaid, Qadeer Ahmed

The Journal of Engineering Research

Motors are one of the vital equipment and generally the higher in numbers in oil and gas processing facilities. The primary function is to drive the process equipment such as compressors, fans, pumps etc. Unreliability of the motors is a threat to safety but also to production loss and high operating expenditure. Motors experience higher failure rates and maintenance costs with age due to lower focus during useful life periods. In order to properly address the long-term reliability and maintainability of the motors and associated subsystems, this paper aims to propose a structured methodology and set of tools to ensure …

Investigation Of Noise Exposures, Perception, And Health Effects In Different Microenvironments In A University Community, Patrick Amoatey, Issa Al-Harthy, Khalifa Al-Jabri, Abdullah Al-Mamun, Mahad Baawain

The Journal of Engineering Research

This study aims to assess noise levels in selected outdoor and indoor microenvironments in a University community in Oman. The perception of noise levels within the Sultan Qaboos University campus was investigated through a survey study. Also, the effect of exposed noise levels on annoyance and sleep disturbance were predicted including their potential risk on cardiovascular health. Among all the measured parameters, it was found that outdoor (41.6%-50%) and indoor (38.5%-46.2%) microenvironments have exceeded the critical levels of 55 dB during morning and afternoon periods. The respondents (698 people) identified traffic and indoor building-related activities as the main sources of …

Productivity Factors In Construction Smes In Oman- Exploration Study, Mubarak Khamis Al Alawi, Amwaj Al Abdali, Shadi Altawil

The Journal of Engineering Research

Construction projects are unique and influenced by many external and internal factors hindering the efficiencies of operations. Different construction companies may have different influencing productivity factors depending on the company’s scale. Large construction companies have better resource management systems than the construction small and medium enterprises (SME). The construction SMEs work in small scale projects, and the amount and type of the required resources are different from the large construction companies. Therefore, identifying the factors affecting construction productivity is essential to determine the best action to avoid any unforeseen productivity reduction. This study aims to rank the most influencing productivity …

Recent Cnn-Based Techniques For Breast Cancer Histology Image Classification, Arunadevi Karuppasamy, Abdelhamid Abdesselam, Hamza Zidoum, Maiya Al-Bahri

The Journal of Engineering Research

Histology images are extensively used by pathologists to assess abnormalities and detect malignancy in breast tissues. On the other hand, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) are by far, the privileged models for image classification and interpretation. Based on these two facts, we surveyed the recent CNN-based methods for breast cancer histology image analysis. The survey focuses on two major issues usually faced by CNN-based methods namely the design of an appropriate CNN architecture and the lack of a sufficient labelled dataset for training the model. Regarding the design of the CNN architecture, methods examining breast histology images adopt three main approaches: …

Users’ Assessment Of Personal Fans In A Warm Office Space In Brazil, Maíra André, Carolina Buonocore, L. De Castro, R. Lamberts

The Journal of Engineering Research

The use of personal fans allows improving thermal comfort and energy savings in warm office spaces. This is due to individual adjustment and extended indoor temperature acceptability. However, to achieve that, the usability of fans must be assured. Therefore, an experiment with 40 people of various age groups was carried out to assess four types of fans, one of which is an evaporative cooling device. The goal was to find out which criteria should be used for selecting a fan to implement in an office space. Results show that airflow sensation and speed adjustment are considered the most important, although, …

Enhanced Exponential Reaching Law-Based Sliding Mode Control Of Shapf In An Eds, Satish Kumar Gudey, Vinay Kumar Naguboina

The Journal of Engineering Research

No abstract provided.

Development Of Oee Error-Proof (Oee-Ep) Model For Production Process Improvement, Buliaminu Kareem, Adefowope S. Alabi, T I. Ogedengbe, B. O. Akinnuli, O. A. Aderoba

The Journal of Engineering Research

The global demand for effective utilization of both humans and machinery is increasing due to wastage incurred during product manufacturing. Excessive waste generation has made entrepreneurs find it difficult to breakeven. The development of dynamic error-proof Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) model for optimizing a complex production process is targeted at minimizing/eradicating operational wastes/losses. In this study, the error-proof sigma metric was integrated into the extended traditional OEE factors (availability, performance, quality) to include losses due to waste and man-machine relationships. Error-proof sigma statistics enabled continuous corrective measures on unsatisfactory or low-level OEE resulted from process output variations (quantity delivered or …

Analysis Of Factors Affecting Motivation In Projects: A Case Study In Oil And Gas Industry In Oman, Nasr Al-Hinai, Sujan Piya, Khalid Al-Wardi

The Journal of Engineering Research

Motivation is a key element for successful project execution. However, different people are motivated by various means in different sectors. Hence, this work aims to study, analyze and define the main motivational factors in project execution in the oil and gas industry. To achieve this, a dedicated survey is prepared and distributed among employees working in the oil and gas industry in Oman. To ensure diversifications and minimize biases, the survey is distributed randomly to people working in projects in different organizations in the oil and gas industry. Altogether, 86 respondents completed all the survey questions. The study revealed that, …

Cost Estimation Practices Prevalent In Construction Projects In Oman, Khalid Alzebdeh, M. Al-Siyabi, Ali Al-Nuaimi, Mohammad Khadem

The Journal of Engineering Research

This paper reports findings of a study that captures cost estimation practices and techniques prevalent in the construction industry in Oman. It also identifies the success and risk factors that are encountered in the cost estimation process. Eighty structured questionnaires were distributed to some professionals working in construction projects, selected randomly from large and medium size enterprises across the Sultanate. A response rate of 56% was achieved. The results showed that the unit rate method, the use of historical data and benchmarking are the most common methods used for cost estimation. Success and risk factors as reported by respondents were …

Evolution And Characterizations Of Aurivillius Bismuth Titanate By Modified Solid State Processing, Mohammed Shahnawaz, Suman Khan, Soumya Mukherjee

The Journal of Engineering Research

Mild agate mortar activation followed by sintering of precursors, in resemblance to modified solid state process, was studied for synthesis of the aurivillius bismuth titanate. Hand on mill activation was carried out for eight hours followed by annealing treatment at 1000°C for 12 hours in presence of air atmosphere to obtain the proper phase. Scherrer’s formula was utilized to estimate crystallite size along with planes of orientation. Crystallite size was about 65nm while prominent peaks of orientations were (-117), (006), (111), (200) and others. FESEM and TEM studies were carried to obtain the morphology and estimated grain size of the …

Performance Enhancement Of Solar Still By Using Reflectors-Jute Cloth-Improved Glass Angle, Bibhuti Sahoo, Chandana Subudhi

The Journal of Engineering Research

This paper is aimed to improve the productivity of an existing conventional single slope solar still with modifications. In this study, the conventional solar still is modified by using reflectors, jute cloth and improved glass angle. The modified still productivity and performance are investigated experimentally and compared to that of conventional solar still. The results demonstrated that solar still performance is improved with the 10^o glass angle due to better water flow properties and higher solar radiation fall on the still. The results reveal that, with all combined modifications, the water productivity and efficiency of modified solar still increase …

Technical Loss Reduction In Rural Areas - The Case Of Saih Al Khairat, Mohammed Albadi, Ahmed Al-Maghdri, Amir Al-Hinai, Ehab El-Saadany, Mahmood Sabih Awlad Thani, Salem Mohammed Al-Hinai, Almoataz Al-Jabri, Khalid Al-Azani, Assad Al-Maqrashi

The Journal of Engineering Research

This article investigates the potential for reducing technical losses in the rural area network of Saih Al Khairat in Thumrait, Oman. Based on the available network data, a power flow model of the system under study is built and the system performance is studied. To reduce losses and improve the voltage profile, different candidate solutions are investigated in coordination with the distribution system operator. An economic evaluation of the different options is conducted.

Tuning The Resonance Frequency And Miniaturization Of A Novel Microstrip Bandpass Filter, Abbas Rezaei, Leila Noori

The Journal of Engineering Research

In this paper, a compact microstrip bandpass filter is designed using two open loop resonators. In order to obtain a tunable bandpass response with low insertion loss, two stubs are loaded inside them. The design process is based on obtaining the input admittance. Then, using the input admittance, a method is presented to control the resonance frequency and miniaturization simultaneously. The obtained insertion loss and the return loss at the resonance frequency are 0.1 dB and 19.7 dB respectively. To verify the design method, the proposed filter is fabricated and measured. The measured results are in good agreement with the …

Numerical Assessment Of Electromagnetic Radiated Emissions From An Uwb Radiators Located Inside Metallic Enclosures With Small Air-Flow Openings, Mohammed M. Bait-Suwailm, Boudelliou A. Boudelliou, Naser Al-Tarhuni

The Journal of Engineering Research

Shielding effectiveness of electronic devices and computing devices is essential at design stages. Devices should pass electromagnetic interference/compatibility tests for certification purposes. In this paper, we investigate the electromagnetic radiation leakage from modern personal computers and mobile electronic devices due to an ultra-wide band source of noise. Openings and slots are always unavoidable in electronic devices, for instance openings in computers for air-flow and heat dissipation. Three different designs of enclosure’s covers with apertures are modeled for this purpose. The three covers cases comprise the use of rectangular arranged circular holes, hexagonal arranged circular holes, and square openings. For comparison …

Capture Aware Channel Access Protocol In Wireless Network, Mustafa S

The Journal of Engineering Research

Spatial reuse in wireless networks is limited by the SINR threshold and it might be feasible to capture a packet in the presence of ongoing foreign transmission. This work considers a new capture aware channel access protocol by incorporating global channel state information in the decision making process for the channel access jointly with adaptive power framework. The protocol employs power heterogeneous ad-hoc networks; it assigns different transmission power level to individual nodes based on dynamic observation of the network traffic. It exploits spatial heterogeneity of flows at a given channel allocation and sets up either symmetric or asymmetric carrier …

An Enhanced Smith Predictor Based Control System Using Feedback-Feedforward Structure For Time-Delay Processes, M. Mohammadzaheri, R. Tafreshi

The Journal of Engineering Research

This paper presents enhanced Smith predictor based control systems (SPBCSs) for processes with a time-varying or fixed time delay. This work focuses on improving the arrangement and asynchrony of SPBCS components rather than the design of the predictor and the feedback controller, which have been well discussed in the literature. The proposed control system advances SPBCS through implementation of two design recommendations: (i) replacing the classical feedback controller by a feedback-feedforward control system, and (ii) synchronizing the reference signal and the predicted output. As a result, common shortcomings of SPBCSs or control systems based on Pade approximation, i.e. the …