Digital Commons Network^™

Glacier Runoff Impacts The Stoichiometry Of Riverine Nutrient Export From Coastal Alaskan Catchments, Jason Fellman, Eran Hood, Lee Ann Munk, Jordan Jenckes, Emily J. Whitney, Eric S. Klein

Faculty, Staff, and Students

Understanding the impacts of glacier change on riverine ecosystems is limited by a lack of multi-year studies in glacierized mountain catchments quantifying the magnitude and stoichiometry of riverine biogeochemical yields. Here we evaluate riverine concentration-discharge relationships using the power function between daily runoff and element yields and stoichiometry across 10 catchments of varying glacial coverage within two climatically distinct regions in the Gulf of Alaska. Our multi-year study showed that biogeochemical stoichiometry and concentration-discharge relationships for dissolved carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus varied significantly with catchment glacier coverage across both regions. This stoichiometric variability could drive regional differences in proglacial riverine …

Social Media Usage And Peer Pressure As Predictors Of Substance Abuse Among In-School Adolescents In Kwara State, Nigeria, Mariam Bukola Alwajud-Adewusi, Olayemi Zainab Oduola, Bolanle Ifabiyi

Jurnal Kajian Bimbingan dan Konseling

Substance abuse among youngsters in Nigeria is worrisome. Its consequences include acute, chronic diseases as well as social and psychological ailments. Immediate intervention is essentially paramount to prevent the future of the younger generation. Thus, this study investigated social media usage and peer pressure as predictors of substance abuse among in-school adolescents in Kwara state, Nigeria. The study was a survey research. The population of this study comprised all in-school adolescents in Secondary Schools in Kwara State which estimated at 247,845. The sample size of 403 participated in the study. An instrument entitled “Social Media Usage, Peer Pressure and Substance …

Who Carries Bear Spray? Reducing Risk In The Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem Through Leave No Trace Communication, Anna B. Miller, Clara-Jane Blye, Jennifer Newton, Lauren Miller, Jacob Richards

Environment and Society Faculty Publications

As bear populations increase in areas like the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE), human-bear interactions are rising, with grizzly bear encounters more than doubling in the past decade. To reduce conflicts, land management agencies promote Leave No Trace (LNT) behaviors, emphasizing bear awareness, proper food storage, maintaining distance from wildlife, and carrying bear spray. However, a survey of 566 visitors across the GYE found that 27% of respondents report never carrying bear spray. Non-carriers were often first-time visitors, traveling in larger groups, or day-use visitors to front-country areas. They also viewed the message to carry bear spray as less important than …

Building A Pre-Surgical Multiparametric-Mri-Based Morphologic, Qualitative, Semiquantitative, First And High-Order Radiomic Predictive Treatment Response Model For Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma To Replace Recist, Raul F Valenzuela, Elvis Duran-Sierra, Mathew Antony, Behrang Amini, Sam Lo, Keila E Torres, Robert S Benjamin, Jingfei Ma, Ken-Pin Hwang, R Jason Stafford, Dejka Araujo, Andrew J Bishop, Ravin Ratan, Wei-Lien Wang, Jossue Espinoza, Pia V Valenzuela, Chengyue Wu, John E Madewell, William A Murphy, Colleen M Costelloe

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is the largest subgroup of soft-tissue sarcomas. It demonstrates post-therapeutic hemosiderin deposition, granulation tissue formation, fibrosis, and calcification. Our research aims to establish the multiparametric MRI (mp-MRI) value for predicting UPS treatment response.

Methods: An IRB-approved retrospective study included 33 extremity UPS patients with pre-operative mp-MRI, including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), contrast-enhanced susceptibility-weighted imaging (CE-SWI), and perfusion-weighted imaging with dynamic contrast-enhancement (PWI/DCE), and surgical resection between February 2021 and May 2023. Lesions were visually classified on CE-SWI into one of 6 morphology patterns. On PWI/DCE, lesions were classified into one of 6 patterns, and time-intensity curves …

From Electrophysiology To Open Heart Surgery: A Fatal Case Of Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Gone Wrong, Jennifer Dziemianko, Farzad Ebrahimi, Evan Lian, Lincoln Arbogast

Advocate GME

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia, affecting 0.4–1.0% of the global population [1], with a rising prevalence. AF is associated with a 1.5 to 2-fold increased risk of mortality, a 2.4-fold higher risk of stroke, and an elevated risk of myocardial infarction, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease [2]. Current evidence supports the use of general anesthesia (GA) for most AF ablation procedures, as it enhances patient comfort, improves the accuracy of electrical mapping, allows for more precise catheter manipulation, and increases ablation success rates [2,3]. The most common life-threatening complication of AF ablation is cardiac perforation …

Global Ionospheric F Region Parameters From Gnss-Pod Limb Measurements: Evaluations And Comparisons With Two Empirical Models - Iri-2020 And Nequick-2, Nimalan Swarnalingam, Dong L. Wu, Dieter Bilitza, Daniel J. Emmons, Cornelius Csar Jude H. Salinas, Artem Smirnov, Yenca Migoya-Oru

Faculty Publications

An optimal estimation (OE) technique has recently been developed for F region electron density (Ne) using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) limb sounding on low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites (COSMIC-2, Spire, and FengYun-3). This method provides unprecedented spatiotemporal sampling for global monthly Ne climatology within 100–500 km in 2 hr intervals. The global dataset, collected during mid to moderately high solar activity, is compared with leading models: IRI-2020 and NeQuick-2. Diurnal variations in summer, winter, and equinoctial months are examined for the F2-layer peak, as well as the topside and bottomside of the F region. The observed and modeled NmF2 …

The Effect Of Captions In A Flipped Blended Learning Environment On Developing Efl Vocabulary Among Saudi University Students, Mohammad N/A Alolayan Dr.

Journal of Arabic Sciences and Humanities

This study aimed at investigating the effect of blended learning environment through the flipped classroom model. Authentic videos with captions extracted from YouTube (Ted Talk community) were used. The quasi-experimental method was employed with a pre-test - post-test control group design. Twenty college Saudi students were divided into a control group and an experimental group. A vocabulary test was pre- and post-administrated to measure learned vocabulary. The results revealed statistically significant differences between average ranks of students’ scores in the experimental and control in favor of the experimental group students, which highlighted the positive impact of using captions accompanying authentic …

Beyond Survival: Anthropocentrism And Environmental Justice In Daniel Defoe’S Robinson Crusoe, Malak N/A Alghufaili Dr., Mada Alghufaili Dr.

Journal of Arabic Sciences and Humanities

This study analyzes Robinson Crusoe (1719) through an ecocritical lens, focusing on its depiction of Crusoe’s anthropocentric mindset that thrives due to his disregard for environmental justice. Drawing on Lawrence Buell’s “environmental imagination” and John Locke’s theory of property, the study examines how Crusoe’s survival tactics exploit the environment, prioritizing his own needs while neglecting the ecological principles of environmental sustainability and biodiversity. By reinterpreting the novel in light of these contemporary ecological principles, this study offers a fresh perspective on Crusoe’s actions, encouraging readers to critically reassess the long-term consequences of his behavior on the natural world. It also …

The Variation Of Morphological Dependency Direction In Causal Adjectives And Demonstrative Pronouns In Communication According To Mel’Čuk’S (Meaning-Text) Theory., Fahd Hamed Al-Zammai Dr.

Journal of Arabic Sciences and Humanities

This study explores the concept of linguistic dependency direction from Mel’čuk’s meaning-text theory, which highlights how dependency can vary in different directions, even within the same linguistic level. Focusing on the morphological level, it examines the variation of dependency direction in Arabic, particularly in areas of agreement such as semantically linked adjectives and demonstrative pronouns. The research applies Mel’čuk’s theory to analyze Arabic grammar, aiming to enhance understanding of its morphological structures. The findings reveal that morphological attachment patterns in Arabic can follow a single linear order or vary in multiple ways. One notable variation is the attachment of two …

The Role Of Animation In Developing Children's Imagination: The Film “Inside Out” As A Model, Rehab N/A Alkilani Dr.

Journal of Arabic Sciences and Humanities

This research explores the impact of storytelling on the intellectual and emotional development of children, with a focus on how imagination influences creative thinking and problem-solving skills. Moreover, the study underscores the importance of imagination as a powerful tool in child development, capable of nurturing various aspects of a child's personality. Findings reveal that imagination significantly contributes to enhancing creativity, facilitating adaptability, improving psychological well-being, and fostering communication and cooperation skills. The research further emphasizes the necessity of selecting appropriate storytelling content that reflects the values of the digital age. By doing so, educators and caregivers can effectively leverage the …

Unpacking The Grammar In English As A Foreign Language Academic Writing: Error Patterns And Categorization In Research Thesis Proposals, Abdullah N/A Alshayban Dr.

Journal of Arabic Sciences and Humanities

This study, through an empirical lens examine the grammatical usage errors in university students’ thesis proposals, primarily focusing on English as a Foreign Language learners. The prime objective is to scrutinize the predominant types of errors and analyze the most common and recurrent patterns in the learners’ advanced academic compositions. In this study, the errors are quantified and classified  utilizing a descriptive quantitative methodology based on a surface taxonomy. Errors are further highlighted relating to misordering, misformation, omission, and addition. Among the 1,754 errors in the analysis of 27 student proposals from a university in Saudi Arabia, the primary problems …

Awakening A Patient With Congenital Deafness From General Anesthesia, Christopher Wojcik, Ramsis F. Ghaly, Chu-Yin Yeh

Advocate GME

Introduction: Emergence from general anesthesia signifies the waning of the anesthetic effect and the recovery of consciousness. After general anesthesia, one criterion for extubation is the ability to follow simple commands. The ability to follow commands demonstrates that the patient has adequate consciousness, can protect their airway, and can coordinate basic movements, which suggests an ET tube can be safely removed. Congenital deafness thus presents an obstacle for the Anesthesiologist to communicate with a patient as they awaken from general anesthesia. Case Presentation: A 44-year-old female with a history of congenital deafness and bilateral DCIS S/P bilateral mastectomy presents for …

Breaking Age Barriers: Neuroaxial Anesthesia For Intramedullary Rod Insertion Of Right Femur In A 99-Year-Old Patient, Aisha Patel, Rishi Gaiha, Moez K. Sumar, Nebojsa Nick Knezevic

Advocate GME

Introduction: Neuraxial anesthesia is a commonly utilized technique for lower extremity surgeries by offering significant benefits such as reduced cardiovascular and respiratory risks compared to general anesthesia. Femoral rod fixation often poses unique anesthetic challenges in the elderly due to their advanced age, comorbidities, and reduced physiological reserves [1]. For a 99-year-old patient, extensive discussion between healthcare providers and patient’s family, as well as having a tailored anesthetic plan is crucial to optimize patient outcomes and minimize potential complications. Case Presentation: The case represents a 99-year-old female with a BMI of 18.8 and a significant past medical history of atrial …

Ethnic Disparities In The Management Of Chronic Non-Cancer Pain, Alvaro Guerra Branger, Nebojsa Nick Knezevic, Amir Siddiqui, Stefania Diaz Morales

Advocate GME

Introduction: Recent studies indicate a disparity in chronic pain management across different racial groups, particularly among Black, Indigenous, and People of Color. Additional findings highlight variations in pain prevalence and the response to both acute and chronic pain withing these groups. This study explores the demographic and clinical factors influencing pain management across various racial populations. Methods: We followed 1,662 patients in the greater Chicago area, who sought treatment for a variety of chronic pain conditions, for one year at minimum and had at least four different clinic appointments. Patients were stratified based on race, where they identified as White-non …

The Awareness, Attitudes And Knowledge Of Neurologists In Hungary On Sudden Unexpected Death In Epilepsy (Sudep), Rohit Shankar

Peninsula Medical School

Background: A leading cause of epilepsy mortality is Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP). All international epilepsy guidelines encourage clinicians to discuss SUDEP with people with epilepsy (PWE). However,implementation of this guidance has been ambiguous depending on the country in question. This is inspite ofoverwhelming wishes from PWE for their clinician to discuss it with them. There has been no study to inquireinto the knowledge, awareness and attitudes towards SUDEP communication in epilepsy professionals inHungary (population: 9.6 million).Objective: We investigated neurologists and paediatric neurologists views in Hungary on SUDEP counselling.Methods: A cross-sectional online survey of 20 questions many Likert style …

A Path Out: Using Video Games To Reduce Prejudice Towards Refugees, Liam Cross, Gray Atherton, Chris Stiff

School of Psychology

Historically, research on video games has centred on their potentially adverse effects, though more recently, work has started to explore the benefits. Here, we investigate whether playing a video game portraying a refugee’s plight in escaping war-torn Syria could affect implicit and explicit attitudes towards that social group. We show that after 30 min of game play embodying a Syrian refugee, participants showed reduced prejudicial attitudes and increased empathy towards Syrian refugees compared to those playing a mechanically similar but contextually unrelated game. While implicit attitudes followed the same direction, this difference was not statistically significant. Potential theoretical underpinnings of …

Metabolic Diversity Of A Widely Distributed Tropical Freshwater Crab Is Not Underpinned By Genetic Differences, Lucy Turner, Christopher Thorpe, Michael Collins, Smrithy Raj, Tripti Shukla, John Spicer, Mairi Knight, Dheeraj Sharma, Krushnamegh Kunte

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

AimThe aim of this study was to understand the interplay between local and regional factors as drivers of population physiological diversity in a tropical freshwater crab species.LocationWestern Ghats, south-west India.TaxonBarytelphusa cunicularis, Brachyura, Crustacea.MethodsWe applied an integrative approach combining population genetics and whole animal physiology, using the tropical freshwater crab Barytelphusa cunicularis as our model species. We tested for effects of population location (e.g., latitude, altitude), season (as a proxy for rainfall and water temperature) and/or warming on indices of whole animal respiratory physiology (metabolic rate, MO2) and hypoxic performance (Pcrit, i.e., the PO2 at which routine MO2 can no longer …

Planning For An Installment Redemption Of A Shareholder’S Stock Under Sec. 302(B)(3), L. Stephen Cash, Thomas L. Dickens

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.

The Symbolism Of The Andean Condor: Its Meaning In The Indigenous Cosmology, Culture, And National Identity Of Ecuador And The Andean Region, Sylvia S. Carter-Smith

Research Symposium

Este proyecto se enfoca en el tema del simbolismo, significado y conservación del cóndor andino en la región andina, con un énfasis en Ecuador. Las encuestas, observaciones, entrevistas, y fuentes secundarias fueron utilizados para registrar información sobre la relevancia y contexto del cóndor como un símbolo andino. La investigación reveló que el símbolo del cóndor andino juega un rol significativo en la identidad nacional, la cosmovisión andina, y la representación de liberación del colonialismo. Discutió las actitudes populares hacia la disminución de la población de cóndores andinos. La monografía disputó la minería, la caza ilegal, y la comodificación de la …

Examining Idaho’S Election Laws: Strict Standards And The Critical Role Of Context In State Election Systems, Mitchell Lange

Idaho Law Review

Recent attention to elections has brought a wave of new voting laws throughout the U.S., and now, to Idaho. Despite presenting no evidence of voter fraud, the Idaho Legislature eliminated student ID cards and limited the types of proof of residency documents that may be used to prove eligibility to vote. These laws together have created significant burdens on groups like voters experiencing homelessness and students, without providing effective alternatives.

This Comment examines Idaho’s new voting laws and compares the overall state of Idaho’s election law to those of other states with similar restrictions. Now, Idaho has some of the …

Presiding Over A Legal Desert: The Disappearance Of The Rural Attorney, Emilio J. Chavez

Idaho Law Review

No abstract provided.

Describing The Nature Of Head Contacts In Adolescent Female Youth Ice Hockey Players, Bree K. Knutson

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

The physical nature of ice hockey often results in head contact with players of all ages and the ramifications of repeated head trauma may lead to deficits in social and cognitive skills development, as well as the potential for long-term concerns related to academic, neurological, physical, and mental health. The purpose of this study was to better understand how head contact occurs while playing ice hockey, how frequently head contacts occur, and what player behaviors frequently result in head contact. Adolescent female ice hockey players participating on either the 14 and under (14U) girls team or the 19 and under …

The Ingredients Of Magic: Investigating Clinician And Patient Behaviors In Community Aphasia Group, Ryan M. Dolan, Santanna K. Sumauang

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death in the United States and about 1/3 of strokes result in aphasia. Aphasia is a language disorder that impairs the ability to comprehend or formulate language. One beneficial rehabilitative treatment for aphasia is group therapy. Group therapy for people with aphasia (PWA) has been reported by clinicians and clients as having an aspect of “magic”. This “magic” has been described as a feeling, atmosphere, energy, or a vibe. Although these group characteristics have yet to be fully identified, they are reported to be an essential part of the success of group therapy. …

Life In The Pow, Hope Marie Ensminger

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

This ethnography examines the deeper cultural and environmental aspects of skiing, focusing on the dynamic between experienced and new skiers at Lookout Pass, a ski resort found on the border of Idaho and Montana. My core focus that was explored is how skiing fosters a sense of community and environmental stewardship, which transcends material aspects such as equipment and gear. My guiding question for this study is “How do interactions between experienced and newer skiers at Lookout Pass shape their relationship with themselves and their environment?” To carry out this project, I employed participant observation and detailed field notes in …

"Music & Movement" Early Childhood Education For Latine Students In San Francisco, Lila Sanchez

Research Symposium

To synthesize the benefits of "music & movement" education in a specific Latine-American context, I investigate three ways in which Orff-Schulwerk pedagogy, if implemented in the classroom, would benefit Latine children in San Francisco. I propose that the use of this pedagogy in the classroom will increase emotional regulation, confidence, and social competence for Latine students.

First, I discuss the importance of "music & movement" education for early childhood development in general. I argue that this type of education presents a foundation for teachers and educational institutions to create a holistic academic experience that addresses both individual and societal problems …

Simplified Employee Pensions: An Alternative To Qualified Plans, Labh S. Hira

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.

Organizing For Environmental Justice In Chicago's Northside, Aana Shenai

Undergraduate Research and Engagement Symposium

As one of Loyola’s Social Justice Interns, Aana Shenai worked as an intern with ONE Northside, a community organizing non-profit based in Chicago’s northside. In addition to learning foundational organizing principles, Aana designed a popular training as her internship project that focused on showing community members the intersections between the climate, environment and energy. Her other work included supporting the ONS Green Schools Campaign by attending school research visits, helping schools find funding for green projects, and building relationships with community partners.

Building An Equitable Food System: Lessons From Community-Driven Initiatives In The Chicago Region, Abigail Stetter

Undergraduate Research and Engagement Symposium

This research explores how community assets can be mobilized to build a resilient, equitable food system by evaluating key learnings from the Chicago Region Food System Fund’s (CRFSF) March 2022 Community Assets funding round. The CRFSF provided grants to 48 non-profit organizations leveraging community strengths to transform how food is produced, processed, distributed, and consumed through approaches centered on economic and racial equity. The evaluation employs thematic content analysis of qualitative data from grantee applications and reports. The results will increase understanding of how community-driven initiatives enhance food system resilience, challenges encountered, and actionable recommendations to further strengthen local food …

Human Settlement Impacts On Moth Diversity In Ecuador, Lauren Lassere, Frank Matter, Annika Gulling

Science Seminar

Moths play a vital role in the overall health of any ecosystem as they are important pollinators and food resources for multiple species (particularly birds and bats). Human habitat disturbance in the temperate zone has been shown to negatively impact moth biodiversity and population size through a reduction in moth food resources and light pollution. Our study examined the impact of habitat disturbance on moth populations and diversity in the tropics (Pastaza Province, Ecuador). Significantly fewer moths were found during trapping sessions in disturbed habitats compared to those with less disturbance. Moreover, a higher diversity of moths were found in …

Hashtags, Influencers, And Ethical Eating, Astrid Van Baba

Science Seminar

Media is known to be able to influence people’s opinions and attitudes on a variety to topics (Kat & Lazarsfeld, 2017), everything from their lifestyle, perspectives towards the environment, and the food to consume. To better understand the media’s influence on people’s food choices, this study explores social media and its role in young adults’ perception of their food choices. Specifically, looking at how social media influences Hollins University students’ perceptions and understanding of their diets concerning environmental awareness. Through a cross-sectional survey design administered through Microsoft Forms in Spring 2025, participants were asked about their dietary choices, social media …