Digital Commons Network^™

Neutrosophic Divisor Cordial Labeling Graphs, Tephilla Joice P, A. Rajkumar

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

No abstract provided.

Beyond Binary Judgments: A Neutrosophic Framework For Evaluating News Writing Quality Through Common And Uncommon Meaning, Xiaochun Yuan

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

No abstract provided.

A Hybrid Magdm Approach Of Neutrosophic Topsis Linmap Method For Developing Enterprise Selection Criteria, G. Tamilarasi, S. Paulraj, M.Sivanandha Saraswathy, Thanuja T S

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

No abstract provided.

Integrating Treesoft And Hypersoft Paradigms Into Urban Elderly Care Evaluation: A Comprehensive N-Superhypergraph Approach, Yan Cao

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

No abstract provided.

A Neutrostructural Methodology For Empowering New-Quality Productivity Toward High-Quality Development In The Smart Elderly Care Industry, Xiaoqin Yang

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

No abstract provided.

Machine Learning Models With Neutrosophic Numbers For Cloud Security Analysis And Smart Grid Control Of Renewable Energy, Ahmed E Fakhry, Mamdouh Gomaa, Ahmed A. Metwaly, Ahmed Abdelhafeez

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

No abstract provided.

Kindergarten Teachers’ Classroom Management Abilities: A Neutrosophic Perspective On Partial Locality, Indeterminacy, And Non-Local Influences, Yanzi Zhang

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

No abstract provided.

Neutrosophic Sets And Systems, Vol. 85,2025, Florentin Smarandache, Mohamed Abdel-Basset, Maikel. Leyva Vazquez

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

No abstract provided.

A Brief Guide To Statistical Analysis Of Grouped Data In Preclinical Research, Colby J Vorland, Lilian Golzarri-Arroyo, David B Allison

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Clustering and nesting (C&N) arise in many preclinical studies such as when animals are group-housed, share litters, or in cell culture. Ignoring C&N undermines the validity of analyses. We explain how C&N arise and valid designs and analyses.

To Pause With A Cliffhanger Or A Temporary Closure? The Differential Impact Of Serial Versus Episodic Narratives On Children's Physical Activity Behaviors, Amy Shirong Lu, Melanie C Green, Caio Victor Sousa, Jungyun Hwang, I-Min Lee, Debbe Thompson, Tom Baranowski

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Research has supported the effectiveness of narratives for promoting health behavior, but different narrative presentation formats (serial vs. episodic) have seldom been compared. Suspense theories suggest that serial narratives, which do not provide a full resolution at the end of an episode, may create higher motivation for continued engagement with a story. Forty-four 8 to 12-year-old children were randomly assigned to watch an animation series designed for an existing active video game in which the plot was delivered either continuously across multiple episodes (serial) or in multiple yet relatively independent self-contained episodes (episodic). Controlling for social desirability, children who watched …

Assessment Of Patient Knowledge And Awareness Of Prosthodontics For Student And Patient Education And Communication, Mijin Choi D.D.S., M.S., M.B.A., Facp, Tejal Gohil B.D.S., Cristina Osorio D.D.S., Hannah Jeong, Thomas S. Giugliano D.D.S.

The New York State Dental Journal

This study evaluates patient understanding of the scope of prosthodontic treatments. Utilizing an 11-question survey, 149 patients at a postgraduate prosthodontic clinic were queried. Data analysis included frequency summaries, cross-tabulations and Pearson Chi-square tests. Results showed 68.4% of respondents knew about the role of prosthodontists. Their main concerns were improving chewing (43.9%) and smile (42.6%), varying by age. While many recognized prosthodontists’ scope, cosmetic and complex dental treatments were less well known as prosthodontic specialties. This highlights a gap in patient awareness regarding the full range of prosthodontic services.

Orofacial Manifestations Of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (Haart) And Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (Prep): Implications For Dental Care And Guidelines For Management, Alec Donelian, Yuedi Yu, Ezzard Rolle Dds, Alison Newgard Dds

The New York State Dental Journal

HAART and PrEP have demonstrated reduction of HIV-related mortality and HIV infection, respectively. A range of orofacial side effects has been associated with both HAART and PrEP. As PrEP usage has increased, there has also been an increase in sexually transmitted infections that have orofacial symptoms. As oral health-care providers, it is important that we recognize these orofacial side effects and symptoms. Further, we offer clinical recommendations for dental professionals treating patients who are on either HAART or PrEP and their associated risk factors.

Llmscan: Causal Scan For Llm Misbehavior Detection, Mengdi Zhang, Kai Kiat Goh, Peixin Zhang, Jun Sun, Lin Xin Rose, Hongyu Zhang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Despite the success of Large Language Models (LLMs) across various fields, their potential to generate untruthful and harmful responses poses significant risks, particularly in critical applications. This highlights the urgent need for systematic methods to detect and prevent such misbehavior. While existing approaches target specific issues such as harmful responses, this work introduces LLMSCAN, an innovative LLM monitoring technique based on causality analysis, offering a comprehensive solution. LLMSCAN systematically monitors the inner workings of an LLM through the lens of causal inference, operating on the premise that the LLM’s ‘brain’ behaves differently when generating harmful or untruthful responses. By analyzing …

Repairing Adversarial Texts Through Perturbation, Guoliang Dong, Jingyi Wang, Jun Sun, Sudipta Chattopadhyay, Xinyu Wang, Ting Dai, Jie Shi, Jin Song Dong

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

It is known that neural networks are subject to attacks through adversarial perturbations. Worse yet, such attacks are impossible to eliminate, i.e., the adversarial perturbation is still possible after applying mitigation methods such as adversarial training. Multiple approaches have been developed to detect and reject such adversarial inputs. Rejecting suspicious inputs however may not be always feasible or ideal. First, normal inputs may be rejected due to false alarms generated by the detection algorithm. Second, denial-of-service attacks may be conducted by feeding such systems with adversarial inputs. To address this, in this work, we focus on the text domain and …

Sanitizable Cross-Domain Access Control With Policy-Driven Dynamic Authorization, Jianfei Sun, Guowen Xu, Hongwei Li, Tianwei Zhang, Cong Wu, Xuehuan Yang, Robert H. Deng

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

The increasing demand for secure and efficient data sharing has underscored the importance of developing robust cryptographic schemes. However, many existing endeavors have overlooked the following critical issues: (1) unauthorized access resulting from malicious information leakage by senders; (2) absence of constraints on write and read permissions for participants; (3) and inflexibility of strategies to dynamically designate ciphertexts to multiple recipients. In this paper, we present SCPA, a cross-domain access control scheme imbued with sanitization features and propelled by policy-driven dynamic authorization, tailored for cloud-based data sharing. This scheme not only facilitates access controls, including regulations for no-read and no-write …

Understanding The Bad Development Practices Of Android Custom Permissions In The Wild, Xiaohan Zhang, Zhiyuan Yu, Xinghua Li, Cen Zhang, Cong Sun, Ning Zhang, Robert H. Deng

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Android system provides application developers with the ability to define custom permissions, which serve to moderate the sharing of resources and interactions with other applications. However, poor development practices of developers can render the permission mechanism ineffective, weakening the system protection. This paper presents a comprehensive examination of the problematic practices surrounding custom permissions employed by developers, referred to as Bad Practices of Custom Permissions (BPCP issues). To accomplish this, we conducted an empirical study and identified nine common BPCP issue patterns that can lead to various adverse consequences, such as installation failures, crashes, or even component hijacking. To automatically …

Runtime Anomaly Detection For Drones: An Integrated Rule-Mining And Unsupervised Learning Approach, Ivan Wei Han Tan, Wei Minn, Christopher M. Poskitt, Lwin Khin Shar, Lingxiao Jiang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), commonly referred to as drones, have witnessed a remarkable surge in popularity due to their versatile applications. These cyber-physical systems depend on multiple sensor inputs, such as cameras, GPS receivers, accelerometers, and gyroscopes, with faults potentially leading to physical instability and serious safety concerns. To mitigate such risks, anomaly detection has emerged as a crucial safeguarding mechanism, capable of identifying the physical manifestations of emerging issues and allowing operators to take preemptive action at runtime. Recent anomaly detection methods based on LSTM neural networks have shown promising results, but three challenges persist: the need for models …

Milpbench: A Large-Scale Benchmark Test Suite For Mixed Integer Linear Programming Problems, Huigen Ye, Yaoyang Cheng, Hua Xu, Zhiguang Cao, Hanzhang Qin

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) is a cornerstone of optimization with applications across numerous domains. However, the development and evaluation of MILP-solving algorithms are hindered by existing benchmark datasets, which are often limited in scale, lack diversity, and are poorly structured, making them inadequate for systematic testing across different solving approaches, especially for machine learning (ML)-based methods. To address these issues, we introduce MILPBench, a large-scale benchmark suite comprising 100,000 MILP instances organized into 60 well-categorized classes. Using structural properties and embedding similarity metrics, we developed a novel classification framework to ensure both intra-class homogeneity and inter-class diversity. In addition to …

Retrieval Augmented Generation For Dynamic Graph Modeling, Yuxia Wu, Lizi Liao, Yuan Fang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Modeling dynamic graphs, such as those found in social networks, recommendation systems, and e-commerce platforms, is crucial for capturing evolving relationships and delivering relevant insights over time. Traditional approaches primarily rely on graph neural networks with temporal components or sequence generation models, which often focus narrowly on the historical context of target nodes. This limitation restricts the ability to adapt to new and emerging patterns in dynamic graphs. To address this challenge, we propose a novel framework, Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Dy namic Graph modeling (RAG4DyG ), which enhances dynamic graph predictions by incorporating contextually and temporally relevant examples from broader …

Cradle: Empowering Foundation Agents Towards General Computer Control, Weihao Tan, Et. Al.

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Despite their success in specific scenarios, existing foundation agents still struggle to generalize across various virtual scenarios, mainly due to the dramatically different encapsulations of environments with manually designed observation and action spaces. To handle this issue, we propose the General Computer Control (GCC) setting to restrict foundation agents to interact with software through the most unified and standardized interface, i.e., using screenshots as input and keyboard and mouse actions as output. We introduce Cradle, a modular and flexible LMM-powered framework, as a preliminary attempt towards GCC. Enhanced by six key modules, Information Gathering, Self-Reflection, Task Inference, Skill Curation, Action …

Explaining Explanations: An Empirical Study Of Explanations In Code Reviews, Ratnadira Widyasari, Ting Zhang, Abir Bouraffa, Walid Maalej, David Lo

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Code reviews are central for software quality assurance. Ideally, reviewers should explain their feedback to enable authors of code changes to understand the feedback and act accordingly. Different developers might need different explanations in different contexts. Therefore, assisting this process first requires understanding the types of explanations reviewers usually provide. The goal of this article is to study the types of explanations used in code reviews and explore the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs), specifically ChatGPT, in generating these specific types. We extracted 793 code review comments from Gerrit and manually labeled them based on whether they contained a …

How Are We Detecting Inconsistent Method Names? An Empirical Study From Code Review Perspective, Kisub Kim, Xin Zhou, Dongsun Kim, Julia Lawall, Kui Liu, Tegawendé F. Bissyandé, Jacques Klein, Jaekwon Lee, David Lo

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Proper naming of methods can make program code easier to understand, and thus enhance software maintainability. Yet, developers may use inconsistent names due to poor communication or a lack of familiarity with conventions within the software development lifecycle. To address this issue, much research effort has been invested into building automatic tools that can check for method name inconsistency and recommend consistent names. However, existing datasets generally do not provide precise details about why a method name was deemed improper and required to be changed. Such information can give useful hints on how to improve the recommendation of adequate method …

Lianas Reduce Tree Height With Negative Consequences For Carbon Storage And Growth Estimates, Xingyan Cao, Frieke Van Coillie, Sruthi M. Krishna Moorthy, Kasper Coppieters, Barbara D'Hont, Stefan A. Schnitzer, Geertje M. F. Van Der Heijden, Hans Verbeeck, Félicien Meunier

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

1. Current evidence suggests that liana (woody vine) competition with trees could be threatening the carbon sink by reducing carbon uptake and storage in tropical forests. Previous studies investigating forest demography in liana removal experiments have, however, assumed similar allometries for trees, regardless of the amount of lianas they support. Yet, recent observations suggest that liana load may alter tree shape and structure, including height, which could result in an underestimation of the liana effects on forest carbon stocks and tree growth.
2. In this study, we used terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) in a liana removal experiment in Gigante Peninsula, Panama, collected …

Carolyn Nadeau, Carolyn Nadeau, Nathalie Romero '25, Posse Legacy Project, Illinois Wesleyan University

All oral histories

Interview of Carolyn Nadeau on July 1, 2025. Carolyn Nadeau is a Posse 4 mentor and Byron S. Tucci Professor of Spanish at Illinois Wesleyan University.

A Wearable-Based Approach To Spinal Posture Tracking And Assessment, Sydney Marie Sherman, Noah Jeffery

Biomedical Engineering: Graduate Reports and Projects

This paper describes the design, manufacturing, and testing of a novel spinal posture tracking wearable device with embedded sensors. Currently on the market, most of the spinal posture tracking devices only focus on one segment of the spine and therefore do not track the entirety of human posture. The objective for this project was to create a wearable device in the form of a “smart shirt” that offers insights into posture trends throughout the day by tracking the entire spine. To begin the project, multiple designs were developed for the sensor array and wearable materials. These concepts were compared against …

Interview Of Naomi Cahn, June Carbone & Nancy Levit, Naomi Cahn, June Carbone, Nancy Levit, Claire Hill, Matthew T. Bodie

Minnesota Journal of Law & Inequality

No abstract provided.

Conversations Abroad: The Effect Of Interlocutor Type, Relationship Quality, And L2 Proficiency On Interaction In Naturalistic Settings, Tripp Strawbridge

Modern Languages & Literature

Study abroad (SA) is touted for providing language learners with regular exposure to a second language (L2) in naturalistic settings. However, few studies have examined how interaction occurs in situ. This study analyzed 13 hours of naturalistic dyadic conversations self-recorded by 15 US-based undergraduate sojourners studying abroad for one semester in Spain. Conversations were analyzed for interaction metrics previously posited as relevant to L2 acquisition in SA: speaking time, negotiation of meaning, lexical assistance, and corrective feedback. The study then analyzed how these variables were conditioned by interlocutor identity (host family [HF] member, local native speaker [NS] peer, and nonnative …

The Orb’S Eye: Seeing The National Security Implications Of Iris Based ‘Proof Of Humanity’, Elise Annett, James M. Keagle, James Giordano

Strategic Insights

This commentary examines the national security implications of iris-based biometric identity systems such as “The Orb,” a device designed to verify human users in an AI-saturated digital environment. While proof-of-personhood technologies may help counter synthetic media, bot networks, and AI-driven disinformation, the authors argue that centralized biometric identity infrastructures create significant strategic vulnerabilities. Risks include surveillance, coercion, identity forgery, cyber-espionage, financial manipulation, and potential use in cognitive warfare or critical infrastructure disruption. The article outlines governance and security recommendations to mitigate dual-use threats. Orb-like systems could either strengthen democratic resilience or become instruments of strategic influence, depending on how they …

The Methane Clumped Isotope Signatures Of The Acetoclastic And Methylotrophic Methanogenesis Pathways, Mia L. Thompson

Dartmouth College Master’s Theses

Methane is a potent greenhouse gas and critical energy source for the global economy. Atmospheric methane concentrations play a critical role in global warming, while mitigating methane emissions may provide route to short-term reduction of warming effects. In order to track rates and sources of emissions, it is first necessary to understand the sources and sinks of methane; yet, there are challenges in distinguishing abiotic (water/rock), thermogenic, and biogenic methane. Traditional approaches of using the bulk isotopes of carbon (δ¹³C) and hydrogen (δD) of methane have limitations due to overlapping signatures and sensitivity to substrate isotope composition. In …

The Ghannouchi Test: The Compatibility Of Religious Ideas And Secular Democracy, Andrew P. Sheppe

Dartmouth College Master’s Theses

Secular, democratic societies and governments evolved out of religious societies and defined themselves partially in opposition to religious authority. This historical relationship has led to a debate about the compatibility between religious ideas and modern, secular society. Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde posited that secular, democratic societies still depend on religious foundations. Jürgen Habermas disagrees, claiming that processes of rational dialogue can provide sufficient support.

Two prominent twentieth century theologians, Reinhold Niebuhr and Abraham Joshua Heschel demonstrate that democratic systems are enriched and protected by theistic ideas, thus supporting Böckenförde’s dictum. However, they both recognize the importance of epistemic humility and a …