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2025 October, Morehead State University. Office Of Communications & Marketing.

Morehead State Press Release Archive, 1961 to the Present

Press releases for October of 2025.

Volumetric Differences Of Thalamic Nuclei Are Associated With Posttrauma Psychopathology, Jacklynn M. Fitzgerald

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Background

Previous investigations of whole thalamus and thalamic nuclei volumes in posttrauma psychopathology have been sparse and limited in scope and have yielded inconsistent results. To address this, volumetric estimates of whole thalamus and thalamic nuclei were obtained from structural brain magnetic resonance imaging scans from 2058 participants across 20 worldwide sites in the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta Analysis) Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) working group.

Methods

Thalamic volumes were compared in trauma-exposed participants with PTSD (n = 238), major depressive disorder (MDD) (n = 184), and comorbid PTSD+MDD (n = 618) and in trauma-exposed …

Fcad: Feature-Coupled Anisotropic Diffusion For Continuous Graph Learning, Amitoz Azad, Zhiyuan Zhang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In this work, we propose a novel continuous graph neural network called FCAD (Feature-Coupled Anisotropic Diffusion) for the task of node classification on graphs. Our approach is motivated by the success of feature-coupled anisotropic diffusion PDEs in multivalued image restoration. Our method introduces a total variation regularization-inspired anisotropic term to control diffusion between nodes and incorporates a learnable parameterization for feature coupling during the diffusion process. Our model performs competitively against several GNN baselines for both heterophilous and homophilous graphs, demonstrating notable benefits for heterophilous graphs due to the learnable feature coupling.

Diffusionmat: Alpha Matting As Deterministic Sequential Refinement Learning, Yangyang Xu, Shengfeng He, Wenqi Shao, Yong Du, Kwan-Yee K. Wong, Yu Qiao, Jun Yu, Ping Luo

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In this paper, we introduce DiffusionMat, a novel image matting framework that employs a diffusion model for the transition from coarse to refined alpha mattes. Diverging from conventional methods that utilize trimaps merely as loose guidance for alpha matte prediction, our approach treats image matting as a deterministic sequential refinement learning process. This process begins with the addition of noise to trimaps and iteratively denoises them using a pre-trained diffusion model, which incrementally guides the prediction towards a clean alpha matte. The key innovation of our framework is a correction module that adjusts the output at each denoising step, ensuring …

Analysis Of The Areas Of Integration Between Policies And Regulatory Procedures Under Isa 315 And Governance Mechanisms: An Analytical Study From The Perspective Of External Auditors In Baghdad, Sohad Sabih Alsaffar, Noor Sabah Hussein

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

The study aims to design a methodology that directs attention to areas of weakness in the control policies, procedures, and mechanisms that should be taken into account when implementing audit tasks and determining the size, nature, and extent of designing substantive tests as part of the auditor's tasks. The significance of the research is based on the following hypotheses: The first is "The auditor's assessment of control policies and procedures using an approach based on the integration of ISA315 with corporate governance mechanisms helps strengthen his opinion about the effectiveness of those policies and procedures." The researchers prepared the applied …

The Role Of Artificial Intelligence In Data-Driven Marketing: Enhancing Marketing Efficiency, Customer Engagement, And Business Performance In Smes, Abdelrehim Awad

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

Marketing applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) have revolutionized business strategy providing Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) with superior customer engagement tools, strategic segmentation, and performance improvement. This study investigates the impact of marketing practices that are AI-based, like customer segmentation, predictive analytics, and marketing automation, on marketing efficacy, customer engagement, and on overall business performance in Egyptian small and SMEs. Utilizing a mixed-methods design, which means the integration of both quantitative (survey) and qualitative (interview) data analyzed with various methodological paradigms. The study consisted of structured surveys to 100 marketing professionals across several Egyptian SMEs and 30 executive interviews. Quantitative …

The Role Of Organizational Behavior Dimensions In Achieving Organizational Sustainability: The Moderating Impact Of Human Resource Development In The Iraqi Construction Sector, Ibraheem Ali Saadi

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

This empirical research aims to examine the relationship between three core dimensions of Organizational Behavior (OB), namely, Organizational Commitment (ORC), Organizational Structure (OST), Employee Engagement (EME), and Organizational Sustainability (OS) within medium and large-scale construction firms operating in Iraq. In addition, the study explores the moderating role of Human Resource Development (HRD) on the interactions between these OB elements and OS. A structured questionnaire was administered to 216 senior executives, including CEOs and senior managers, yielding 161 valid responses that were analyzed using SPSS. The findings confirm that ORC, OST, and EME are all significantly associated with OS. However, HRD …

Using Some Artificial Intelligence Algorithms To Estimate The Parametric Regression Function For Spatially Dependent Data Of Water Pollution Of The Euphrates River, Ons Edin Musa, Sabah Manfi Redha

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

These models account for the spatial effects resulting from the proximity of events. A compromise exists in the mathematical accuracy of model parameters when spatial correlations are present in the data of the phenomenon. Data reliant on spatial correlations are crucial in statistical modelling, especially in environmental science, economics, epidemiology, and various other disciplines. This study employs and compares three artificial intelligence approaches—the genetic algorithm (GA), the TABU search algorithm (TSA), and the binary firefly algorithm (Binary FFA)—to determine which is the most efficient for estimating the parametric regression function for spatially dependent data. The Mean Absolute Percentage Error numbers …

Southeast Asia Higher Education Changes And Emerging Futures, Muhammad Hali Aprimadya, Lily Kong, Angel Calderon, Hamish Coates

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

This paper unpacks recent developments and future directions in Southeast Asian higher education. It takes stock of higher education systems in three selected countries, Australia, Indonesia and Singapore. It sketches these systems, distils several changes around 2024, and discusses emerging directions for education, research and universities. The paper concludes by looking at what is required to catalyse transformations likely to impel future progress.

Everyday Norms Have Become More Permissive Over Time And Vary Across Cultures, K. Eriksson, P. Strimling, I. Vartanova, Andree Hartanto

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Every social situation that people encounter in their daily lives comes with a set of unwritten rules about what behavior is considered appropriate or inappropriate. These everyday norms can vary across societies: some societies may have more permissive norms in general or for certain behaviors, or for certain behaviors in specific situations. In a preregistered survey of 25,422 participants across 90 societies, we map societal differences in 150 everyday norms and show that they can be explained by how societies prioritize individualizing moral foundations such as care and liberty versus binding moral foundations such as purity. Specifically, societies with more …

A Debt To Whom? The Nature Questions In Sino‑Sri Lankan Development Narratives, Orlando Woods, Kanchana Ruwanpura, Loritta Chan, Barnabas Mah

Research Collection College of Integrative Studies

This chapter critically examines dominant narratives around Sri Lanka’s debt and development in the context of Sino‑Sri Lankan relations and the Belt and Road Initiative, questioning assumptions about “debt‑trap” explanations and highlighting how narratives about development, nature and agency shape understanding of the country’s economic and ecological futures.

False Friends: The Pereiaslav Agreement Of 1654 And Competing Narratives In Russian And Ukrainian Historiographies, Jiansheng Zhang

Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History

The Pereiaslav Agreement of 1654, concluded between the Cossack Hetmanate and the Grand Duchy of Muscovy at the Pereiaslav Rada, marked the beginning of modern Cossack-Muscovite (in perspective, Ukrainian-Russian) relations. Owing to its central role in shaping both Russian and Ukrainian national narratives, the agreement remains a highly contentious event in Eastern European history. Historians from the Russian and Ukrainian historiographical traditions offer divergent interpretations of how the agreement was conceived and received by the Cossacks and Muscovites. Drawing on a wide range of primary and secondary sources, this essay critically examines these competing narratives and concludes that Ukrainian historiography—emphasizing …

Through His Eyes: The Life Of American Pows In Germany And Ben Phelper’S Diary, Bianca Shah

Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History

This paper aims to examine the treatment American prisoners of war experienced at the hands of their German captors during World War II. Ben Phelper, a US Airman who was taken captive by the Germans from 1943-1945, wrote a diary detailing his daily life while living in the stalags. This research uses Phelper’s diary to understand what life was like for Americans in German POW camps and compares Phelper’s experience to existing literature on how Germans treated their American POWs. This paper specifically focuses on four aspects of Phelper’s life in relation to the provisions of the Geneva Convention, the …

From Nociception In Aneural Animals To Human Suffering: Toward A Comparative Biology Of Pain, Edgar T Walters

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Pain is a core feature of human life, but systematic comparisons of this biological trait across taxa have been rare. A broadly accepted definition based on human experience emphasizes dual features of pain: a sensory (discriminative) component for sensing and monitoring tissue injury, and an affective (emotional) component to motivate avoidance of tissue distress. Conscious pain is coupled to unconscious nociception (detection of incipient or existing injury). This Review considers nociception and pain across phyla within a comparative framework, addressing basic questions about evolutionary origins, mechanisms and functions of pain. The occurrence of adaptive cellular responses to injury in virtually …

Noise-Optimized Cone-Beam Computed Tomographic Imaging Of Different Post Materials With Multiple Settings: A Comparative Analysis, Solaleh Shahmirzadi, Dilek Helvacioglu-Yigit, Umut Seki, Maharaj Singh, Sarang Saadat, Husniye Demirturk Kocasarac

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 4 different post materials on the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) in various tooth regions using multiple cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging settings and metal artifact reduction (MAR) algorithms. Materials and Methods Forty single-rooted teeth with 4 different post materials were mounted in a skull and scanned using the Planmeca ProMax 3D Max under different conditions: 90 and 96 kVp; no, medium, and high MAR settings; and voxel sizes of 100 and 200 μm. Image analysis was performed with ImageJ software to calculate CNR. The dose-area product (DAP) was recorded, …

Aging And The Spectral Properties Of Brain Hemodynamics, Ki Yun Park, Abraham Z Snyder, Manu S Goyal, Timothy O Laumann, John J Lee, Babatunde Adeyemo, Nicholas Metcalf, Andrei G Vlassenko, Joshua S Shimony, Eric C Leuthardt

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Cerebral glucose metabolism (CMRGlc) systematically decreases with advancing age. We sought to identify correlates of decreased CMRGlc in the spectral properties of fMRI signals imaged in the task-free state. Lifespan resting-state fMRI data acquired in 455 healthy adults (ages 18-87 years) and cerebral metabolic data acquired in a separate cohort of 94 healthy adults (ages 25-45 years, 65-85 years) were analyzed. The spectral properties of the fMRI data were characterized in terms of the relative predominance of slow versus fast activity using the spectral slope (SS) measure. We found that the relative proportion of fast activity increases with advancing age …

Better Digital Contracts With Prosocial Friction-In-Design, Brett Frischmann, Moshe Y. Vardi

Faculty Publications

Contract law is supposed to enable people to reach genuine agreements and cooperate. If this ideal was ever a reality, the rise of mass market contracts and boil­erplate rendered it pure fiction. Modern consumer contracts are incomprehensible to most people. No one reads them anyway.

Digital contracting involves design features that amplify traditional boilerplate harms and create others. For example, digital contracting is too cheap; low marginal costs lead to overexpansion in scale and scope. To make matters worse, the loss of autonomy from repeat engagement with digital contracting systems is pernicious. People become increasingly predictable and programmable as digital …

Succinate Dehydrogenase B (Sdhb) Overexpression With Enzymatic Dysfunction Defines A Distinct Subtype Of Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma, Miguel Esperança-Martins, Brian A Van Tine, Alliny C S Bastos, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

UNLABELLED: Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) remains one of the most clinically aggressive and poorly characterized soft-tissue sarcoma subtypes. To uncover distinctive molecular traits for UPS, a multiomics analysis of UPS compared with leiomyosarcoma (LMS) and liposarcoma (LPS) was performed. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that UPS exhibits overexpression of genes encoding succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) subunits, particularly SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD, distinguishing it from LMS and dedifferentiated LPS. This finding was validated using The Cancer Genome Atlas Sarcoma dataset. High SDHB expression in UPS was significantly associated with shorter overall survival, shorter recurrence-free survival, and shorter overall survival from the date of first …

Hooks For Four-Dimensional Ecology Education (4dee) Teaching With Differing Audiences Of Nonmajors, Sara E. Scanga, Vikki L. Rodgers, Loren B. Byrne, Justin R. St. Juliana, Jon M. Honea, Erica S. Tietjen, George Middendorf

Arts & Sciences Faculty Publications

Nonmajors (i.e., undergraduate students not majoring in the natural sciences) constitute a majority of United States college graduates and are a large potential audience for courses with ecology content. However, nonmajors may be unmotivated to learn about ecology because they perceive it to be uninteresting and irrelevant to their everyday lives or career goals. Although the Four-Dimensional Ecology Education (4DEE) framework can be adapted for nonmajors courses as a starting point to improve student engagement, we suggest that nonmajors ecology instructors also use ecology hooks as effective gateways to 4DEE that will motivate and deepen student learning. Selecting and developing …

Using Implementation Mapping To Optimize The Impact Of Universal School Meals: A Type Iii Hybrid Implementation-Effectiveness Study Protocol, Gabriella M Mcloughlin, Angel Smith, Alex R Dopp, Resa Jones, Omar Martinez, Shiriki Kumanyika, Recai Yucel, Ross C Brownson, Jennifer Orlet Fisher

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Provision of government subsidized school meals at no charge to all students in income-eligible schools (Universal School Meals) is a critical policy approach to address food insecurity and risk for obesity in school-aged children. However, despite documented benefits, implementation challenges remain, which limit the uptake and associated impact of this provision. To ensure the longevity of this policy approach, equity-focused solutions that center the needs of those tasked with implementation and the most vulnerable Universal School Meals recipients are necessary. The aims of this study are to develop equity-focused implementation strategies and test them through a hybrid type III …

Multi-Institution Analysis Of Tarlatamab For The Treatment Of Egfr-Mutant Transformed Small Cell Lung Cancer, Alissa J Cooper, Benjamin Herzberg, Mitchell Parma, Kaiwen Wang, Laura Alder, Urs M Weber, Tejas Patil, Utsav Joshi, Sonam Puri, Anjali Saqi, Phoebe Clark, Carl M Gay, Tina Cascone, Eric K Singhi, George Blumenschein, Ferdinandos Skoulidis, Janet Tu, Thomas E Stinchcombe, Charles M Rudin, Catherine A Shu, Lauren A Byers, Helena Yu, Bingnan Zhang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Alterations In Region-Specific Gray Matter Volume Underlying Callous Unemotional Traits In Adolescents, Johannah Bashford-Largo, Ru Zhang, R James R Blair, Karina S Blair, Jaimie Elowsky, Matthew Dobbertin, Ahria J Dominguez, Melissa Hatch, Tyler Patrick, Sahil Bajaj

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Callous-unemotional (CU) traits during adolescence, for example, shallow affect or lack of remorse, have been shown to be a risk marker for antisocial behavior. Only a few studies have investigated structural brain alterations underlying CU traits, and findings are inconclusive. The study examines CU symptomatology and gray matter volume (GMV) associations.

Methods: Structural brain MRI data were collected from a sample of 578 adolescents (60% male) with a mean age of 14.85 years (SD = 2.30; range = 10-19 years). CU traits were indexed via the Inventory for Callous Unemotional Traits (ICU). Region-wise volumetric parameters were obtained following parcellation …

Perioperative Antibiotic Administration Review: An Analysis Of Outpatient Surgeries At Ohiohealth Doctors Hospital., Rayyan Bhutta, Thomas Shneker, Samantha Currier, Alexander Caskey, Vincent Relli-Dempsey, Matthias Franzen, Samir Patel

Surgery Articles

INTRODUCTION: A vital part of preventing surgical site infections (SSIs) is perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis. Antibiotics must be administered within a certain window of time, usually 15 to 60 minutes prior to the surgical incision, for them to be effective. The most frequently utilized medication, cefazolin, can be administered quickly by intravenous push (IVP), but other medications, such as vancomycin and clindamycin, need longer infusion times. Antibiotic efficacy declines, and the risk of SSIs is increased when scheduling requirements are not followed. With special focus on time, dosage, and variation by surgery type, this study evaluates adherence to perioperative antibiotic administration …

Trickle-Down Coordination: The National Security Advisor’S Role As The Strategic And Operational Planner Of The Dod-Dos Interagency Relationship, Fabio S. Van Loon

Journal of Strategic Security

Forging a coherent U.S. foreign policy requires the competent management of the inter-agency framework. Defining strategy at the cabinet level and ensuring its implementation at the operational level, the National Security Advisor must act as an honest broker of the inter-agency process. This article will examine the role of three National Security Advisors from the Nixon, Carter and George W. Bush administrations, and study two examples of operational success and failure, highlighting the importance of the strategic-operational link. The author concludes by recommending a National Security Council (NSC)-led inter-agency framework that drives consensus-based strategic planning and mandates operational coordination through …

Intelligence As An Instrument Of National Power: Lessons Learned From The Tensions Between Serbia And Kosovo, Vadym Chernysh

Journal of Strategic Security

Intelligence activity is unique; it can be a valuable and powerful tool in the hands of state leaders. Leaders should rely not solely on their perception or intuition to leverage the intelligence instrument of national power but rather on understanding this phenomenon and its inherent qualities. Often, political leadership may confuse the functions of intelligence and law-enforcement agencies, leading to the ineffective or inefficient use of national power instruments to achieve strategic goals. Leveraging the intelligence instrument of national power in prolonged conflicts with a larger adversary is a crucial aspect of statecraft. The role of intelligence can be vital …

The Institutional Effect: Democracies, Dictators And Diversionary Foreign Policy, Thomas Reilly

Journal of Strategic Security

The diversionary theory of war remains controversial in International Relations. The extant literature remains dominated by the study of democratic diversions and the use of warfare as the prime diversionary strategy. The sheer amount of work covering democratic diversions has created theoretical biases which are oft transposed to autocratic states, despite being largely unique to democratic processes. This article expands the traditional bounds of diversionary theory to provide a logic of autocratic diversions and diversionary strategies outside of war, presenting a theoretical framework which argues that institutionalization is the primary conduit through which the intended audience, benefit and preferred diversions …

The I2u2: China’S Increasing Role In The Middle East And Geostrategic Implications On India, Pooja Devi, Jyoti Singh Ph.D.

Journal of Strategic Security

In the present era, the concept of minilateralism has emerged as an essential instrument of the attainment of a country’s strategic interests. Consequently, the global world is shifting from multilateral alliances to minilateral groupings. The article analyzes the emergence of a minilateral construct and the formation of minilateral platform I2U2. The newly established quadrilateral group I2U2, which includes India, Israel, the UAE and the United States, is called ‘the Middle East Quad.’ The economic partnership is aimed at utilizing the different sector capacities of member countries to counter shared challenges that have occurred in the past few years. Six key …

India’S Policy Shift Towards Afghanistan Under De Facto Taliban Government, Neha Manhas, Sitakanta Mishra

Journal of Strategic Security

The Taliban takeover of Afghanistan is no longer at the forefront of the global agenda, though after four years of its rule, the Islamic Emirate strives for global legitimacy. India, one of the major partners in the reconstruction of Afghanistan since 2001, has drastically minimized its role, and no major attempt was made to deal with the Taliban until the withdrawal of US/NATO forces in 2021. Similarly, the Taliban regime in turn has not made any breakthrough with India in its diplomatic pursuits. However, sporadic meetings between the Indian and Taliban government officials have taken place, leading to speculation …

Looking Inside Seychelles Beneficial Multi-Alignment Strategy Amidst India-China Competition, Gaurav Sen

Journal of Strategic Security

The article is designed to understand the political strategy of Seychelles. Seychelles situated in Western Indian Ocean has emerged as key player in the Indo-China competition. India and China are striving to exert influence over small island state, which hold strategic significance in the contested waters of the Indian Ocean. Seychelles has been adept at maintaining beneficial relationships with both India and China, despite its differing strategic interests. This article undertakes a detailed overview of Seychelles political strategy during India- China competition in the IOR. The first part of the paper devoted in understanding the importance of political strategy and …

Threat Perception In Taiwan: Trend And Implications, Christina Chen

Journal of Strategic Security

The rising tensions in the Taiwan Strait, driven by China’s growing aggression, have prompted Taiwan to explore ways to bolster its defense and deterrence capabilities. Given that successful deterrence requires the involvement of both military and civilian sectors, the Taiwanese public’s threat perception—specifically, how they view China as a security threat—becomes crucial. This article examines changes in Taiwan’s public threat perception of China. It finds that while Taiwan’s public threat perception has increased since the late 2010s, this shift is more nuanced. External events likely contributed to an overall rise in threat perception, but Chinese coercive actions were associated with …