Digital Commons Network^™

Why Color-Blind Solutions Won't Solve The Racial Wealth Gap: How We Can Overcome The Constitutional Hurdles To Race Conscious Remedies In Addressing The Wealth Gap, Malik Edwards, William A. Darity Jr.

Kentucky Law Journal

No abstract provided.

The Fact-Finders' Dialectic: Beyond Rationalist Optimism And Realist Pessimism, Michael Head

Kentucky Law Journal

No abstract provided.

The Duty To Warn In The Age Of Automation, Alexander B. Lemann

Kentucky Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Tax Trends, E. S. Linett

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.

Heutagogy In Education: Transforming The Learner Experience, Andrej Iliev, Nevena Serafimova, Anita Ilieva Nikolovska, Dimitar Bogatinov, Aleksandar Petrovski, Biljana Karovska

Journal of Peace, Conflict, and Security Studies

Heutagogy (pronounced hyoo-tuh-goh-jee), derived from the Greek word "heureske," meaning "to discover," is closely related to heuristic learning. Coined by Hase and Kenyon in 2000, heutagogy refers to self-determined learning that operates independently of traditional teaching structures. Unlike pedagogy and andragogy, which emphasize teacher-directed instruction, heutagogy shifts the focus to learner autonomy, allowing students to choose what and how they learn.

Heutagogy represents a shift from teacher-centered to learner-centered education, grounded in two key philosophical approaches: humanism and constructivism. Humanism places the learner at the center of the educational process, while constructivism emphasizes active, self-determined learning. Although andragogy, which focuses …

Curriculum Insertion Proposal For The Academic-Military Education: The Rising Of Unmanned Aerial Systems (Uas/Drones) In Modern Combat, Tiago Marques Dos Santos Filho

Journal of Peace, Conflict, and Security Studies

The use of drones in the latest generation of combat has revolutionized military operations, offering new tactical and strategic-operational capabilities. Based on the author's practical experience and reference literature, using UAS in urban combat, peacekeeping missions, and jungle operations has proven to be extremely effective, providing significant advantages in terms of intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, and air support. Equipped with high-resolution cameras and advanced sensors, drones allow the collection of real-time critical information, assisting quick and accurate decision-making. This background raises the question of whether it is relevant to formally address this topic in academic-military undergraduation. The main hypothesis, that the …

Reforming Military Curriculum In The Era Of Big Data: Case Study Of The Albanian Armed Forces Academy, Etleva Smaci Assoc Prof

Journal of Peace, Conflict, and Security Studies

The digital revolution and the emergence of Big Data have profoundly impacted modern military operations. As data becomes a strategic asset, military education must evolve to prepare officers not only for traditional combat but also for data driven decision-making.

This case study explores how the Albanian Armed Forces Academy can reform its military curriculum to meet the demands of the Big Data era. The analysis is based on a review of contemporary literature and a survey conducted among students enrolled in the technology program at the Faculty of Defense and Security.

Findings indicate that students perceive the integration of big …

The Potential Impact Of Simulation Based Learning In The Kosovo Security Force, Brikena Avdyli, Arbesa Zenuni

Journal of Peace, Conflict, and Security Studies

As the Kosovo Security Force (KSF) undergoes a strategic transformation into a fully operational military force, the need for modern and adaptive training methods has become increasingly urgent. While recent investments have focused on personnel growth, weapon procurement, and defense infrastructure, the integration of simulation-based learning (SBL) into training programs has not yet been considered. This study explores the potential of SBL - particularly virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and wargaming - as a tool for enhancing the readiness and adaptability of KSF personnel. Drawing on existing literature, the study evaluates the benefits and challenges of each technology in …

Itegration Of Emerging Technologies In Cybersecurity Education, Dimitar Bogatinov, Nevena Serafimova, Aleksandar Petrovski, Andrej Iliev, Biljana Karovska

Journal of Peace, Conflict, and Security Studies

Emerging technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Virtual Reality (VR) are revolutionizing cybersecurity education by offering immersive, interactive learning experiences tailored to the tech-savvy Generation Z and Alpha learners. Traditional educational methods are increasingly inadequate for preparing students to navigate the rapidly evolving cyber threat landscape.

Virtual labs, AI-driven tutors, and cyber training environments create dynamic learning opportunities where students can engage in realistic simulations to develop critical skills in threat detection, response, and mitigation. However, challenges such as high implementation costs, rapid technological advancements, and a shortage of qualified instructors complicate the integration of these technologies.

Despite these challenges, …

Pension Reform Act Of 1974: Fiduciary Responsibility And Prohibited Transactions (Part I), R. Michael Sanchez, Douglas M. Cain, James Wood

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.

Military Academic-Scientific Production In Times Of Generative Ai: Ethical Boundaries And Challenges For Strategic Stability, Arlindo J. Barros Junior, Rômulo F. Santos, Weslei J. Batista

Journal of Peace, Conflict, and Security Studies

The adoption of emerging and disruptive technologies, which includes Artificial Intelligence (AI), has driven profound transformations across various sectors and in human behavior in recent years, permeating nearly all fields of knowledge. In this context, the use of AI as a tool to support academic-scientific production cannot be considered an exception. Additionally, there is a growing need for AI literacy for its users, for regulation and for the establishment of criteria to ensure these technologies are employed ethically and responsibly. In light of this global trend, the Brazilian Army has been seeking ways to regulate, manage, and optimize the use …

Simulation-Based Learning In Security Studies: A Rubric-Guided Approach To Nato–Russia Dynamics On The Korean Peninsula, Travis Morris, Yangmo Ku, Maggie Mitchell

Journal of Peace, Conflict, and Security Studies

This article examines the implementation and efficacy of a team-taught simulation-based learning series designed to deepen students’ understanding of NATO–Russia interactions on the Korean Peninsula. Drawing on the principles of Bloom’s Taxonomy and guided by a comprehensive rubric, this framework provides a structured, progressive approach to developing learners’ analytical, evaluative, and creative competencies. Through six sequential simulations using the SEERIST platform—culminating in strategic policy recommendations—students enhance their ability to recall foundational knowledge, apply complex concepts, analyze multifaceted scenarios, evaluate diverse outcomes, and propose innovative solutions. The article discusses theoretical underpinnings, the design and implementation of the simulation series, the associated …

Modernizing Military Education In Kosovo: From Theory To Practice Through Innovation And Technology, Linda Ziberi, Dardan Syla

Journal of Peace, Conflict, and Security Studies

This paper examines the need for Kosovo's Military Academy (KMA) to modernize its education system, particularly its necessity to transition from a theory-based methodology to more modern and innovative teaching and training approaches that incorporate advanced technology. Despite ongoing institutional development, the Kosovo Military Academy continues to rely on traditional teaching methods, which limits its capacity to prepare cadets for the demands of modern military operations. Barriers such as limited funding, outdated infrastructure, and resistance to pedagogical change further complicate efforts to modernize.

To address these challenges, the paper advocates for the adoption of modern, learner-centered strategies, including Simulation and …

What Is The Point Of Reading War Literature In The Military Academy: Reflection Of Contemporary Warfare Through The Siege Motif In Serhiy Zhadan’S How Fire Descends: New And Selected Poems, Dong-Ha Seo

Journal of Peace, Conflict, and Security Studies

This study argues that war poetry, when critically read in military education, enables cadets to engage with the ethical, psychological, and human dimensions of war. Rather than serving as propaganda or glorification of battle, war poetry voices the unspoken suffering of soldiers and civilians and preserves the memory of trauma. Drawing on Nil Santiáñez’s recent work on the symbiosis between war and language, this article situates war writing as a space where questions of knowledge, ethics, and survival are inevitably confronted. In particular, the works of Serhiy Zhadan and Cho Ji-hoon demonstrate how poetry transforms urban conflict into a record …

The Greatest Victory: Teaching Strategy And Peace Through Negotiation, W. Chad Austin

Journal of Peace, Conflict, and Security Studies

This article examines how structured negotiation instruction, centered on the Circle of Value framework, enhances the critical and strategic thinking skills of cadets at the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA). Drawing on experiential learning, role-play simulations, and case studies—such as U.S.-China tensions over Taiwan—the article demonstrates how cadets apply integrative negotiation techniques to real-world geopolitical scenarios. The Circle of Value framework emphasizes interest-based negotiation, objective criteria, creative option generation, and the development of mutually beneficial outcomes. Through written analysis, live negotiation exercises, and reflective feedback, cadets build key competencies in communication, decision-making under pressure, and conflict resolution. The paper …

Distributed Computing System Variations And Extensions, Christopher Doherty

Defensive Publications Series

This document describes variations and extensions of distributed computing systems that combine offline-first data synchronization, hierarchical artificial intelligence processing, multi-agent coordination, and predictive analytics. The disclosed variations represent obvious extensions to the core inventions and are published to establish prior art to prevent future patenting by third parties.

Randomized Subscriber Concealed Identifier, Joachim W. Walewski, Steffen Fries

Defensive Publications Series

This technical disclosure discusses the issue of static Subscriber Concealed Identifiers in 5G networks, which can lead to tracking of User Equipment during initial registrations. The proposed solution involves generating randomized SUCIs for each UE registration. By introducing a new structure for the SUCI, including random number generation, the tracking of User Equipment is made more challenging. This innovation aims to improve privacy for User Equipment in scenarios involving high-profile individuals and law enforcement etc.

New Evidence Of Mid-Pleistocene Glaciations In The French Jura Mountains Using Debris Flow Deposits And U/Th Dating Of Speleothems (Verneau Karst Network), Margot Vivier, Stéphane Jaillet, Eglantine Husson, Edwige Pons Branchu, Jean-Baptiste Charlier

International Journal of Speleology

We redefine the extent of former glaciers in the northern Jura Mountains through the study of endokarst deposits. Sedimentary deposits (pebbly debris flows, laminated clays, and allochthonous limestone blocks) and chemical deposits (speleothems) were identified and studied using three complementary approaches: (i) detailed geomorphological mapping, (ii) petrographic analysis, and (iii) U/Th-dating. In addition, a surface geomorphological analysis made it possible to calculate the minimum erosion time required for the formation of the sinkhole linked to the underground study site. The study site is the Dolois Chamber, an underground site upstream of the Verneau karst network (Doubs Department, France). The combined …

Evidence Of Red-Billed Tropicbird Phaethon Aethereus Breeding In The Gulf Of Guinea, Gustavo Marino, Gabriel Oquiongo, Isadora L. Hahn, Pedro Pereira, Joana Pereira, Ricardo F. De Lima

Marine Ornithology

Red-billed Tropicbird Phaethon aethereus has been considered vagrant in the Gulf of Guinea, although with suggestions of sporadic breeding at Tinhosas Islets, south of Príncipe Island. Here, we report repeated visits of birds to potential nesting sites, aggressive territorial behavior, and pair interactions on the coastal cliffs in the southern portion of São Tomé Island and nearby islets of Rolas and Sete Pedras. These observations strongly suggest that the species breeds at these locations, which would expand the known breeding range in the eastern Atlantic. Future work is needed to clarify the status of the species in the region.

Status Of The Least Storm Petrel Hydrobates Microsoma In Peru, Mauricio Ugarte

Marine Ornithology

The occurrence of the Least Storm Petrel Hydrobates microsoma in Peru has been considered somewhat hypothetical by some authors, as its presence was previously supported only by sight records dating back to 1982. In this note, I confirm the presence of the species in Peru based on the re-examination of three specimens deposited in the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles. I also provide a summary of the historical records of its occurrences in Peru. Least Storm Petrel should be considered an uncommon boreal migrant in Peruvian marine waters.

Wind-Blown Pelagic Birds: First Record Of Short-Tailed Shearwater Ardenna Tenuirostris, Wedge-Tailed Shearwater Ardenna Pacifica, White-Tailed Tropicbird Phaethon Lepturus, And Lesser Noddy Anous Tenuirostris For Goa, India, Rupali Pandit, Aniket P. Naik Gaonkar, Ankit Kumar, Omkar Damle, Mangirish Dharwadkar

Marine Ornithology

We report four new records of seabirds for the state of Goa, India: Short-tailed Shearwater Ardenna tenuirostris, Wedge-tailed Shearwater Ardenna pacifica, White-tailed Tropicbird Phaethon lepturus, and Lesser Noddy Anous tenuirostris. Due to storms with torrential rains during June and July 2024, these pelagic birds were wind-blown and found stranded along the coastline. They were subsequently rescued and taken to ReefWatch Marine Conservation, a rehabilitation centre in Benaulim, Goa. However, the majority of these birds did not survive due to various causes.

Population Survey Of Southern Buller’S Albatross Thalassarche Bulleri Bulleri On The Solander Islands / Hautere, March 2024, Peter G. H. Frost, Barry G. Baker, Johannes H. Fischer, Paul M. Sagar

Marine Ornithology

An aerial photographic survey of the Southern Buller's Albatross Thalassarche bulleri bulleri population breeding on the Solander Islands / Hautere was undertaken on 09 March 2024, mid-way through the birds' incubation period. Overall, 6,761 individuals were counted: 6,215 (92%) on Great Solander and 546 (8%) on Little Solander. Of these, 4,213 were sitting on nests, 368 were partners to sitting birds, 573 were standing near empty nests, and 145 were apparently loafing. The status of the remaining 1,462 individuals (22% of the total) was uncertain. Assuming that their status was in the same proportions to those of the clearly observed …

Quantifying The Effect Of Time On Geolocation Accuracy In Seabirds, Sophie Bennett, Richard A. Phillips, Jonathan A. Green

Marine Ornithology

Light-based geolocation can be an effective tool for understanding movements and distributions of free-ranging seabirds, particularly during migrations and long-distance foraging trips. The light levels recorded by geolocators (global location sensors; GLS loggers) are used to infer latitude and longitude of individuals from day length and time of local midday relative to UTC (Coordinated Universal Time), respectively. However, there is an associated inaccuracy in these location estimates, associated with both systematic and random error. Previous studies have quantified this error by calculating distances to locations over the same time period derived from more accurate devices such as satellite transmitters (platform …

From Tropical Shores To High-Altitude Lakes: Preliminary Assessment Of Trans-Himalayan Migration Of Brown-Headed Gulls Chroicocephalus Brunnicephalus Between Sri Lanka And The Tibetan Plateau, Gayomini Panagoda, Iromi K. Wijethunge, Beixi Zhang, Fanjuan Meng, Yiwen Chen, Sarath Kotagama, Taej Mundkur, Sivananinthaperumal Balachandran, Lei Cao, Sampath S. Seneviratne

Marine Ornithology

The Brown-headed Gull (BHGU) Chroicocephalus brunnicephalus is a common non-breeding migrant to Sri Lanka's coasts. However, its migration across the Central Asian Flyway—traversing numerous geographic barriers such as the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau to reach the southern Indian peninsula and Sri Lanka—has not been studied. We GPS-tracked two BHGUs between Sri Lanka and their breeding grounds on the Tibetan Plateau from 2021 to 2023, documenting four migrations in total—three northward and one southward. During northward migration (25 April-20 May), the gulls covered 2,786.7 ± 168.0 km in 6.8 ± 1.05 d without any stopovers, although they made several rest …

California Brown Pelican Pelecanus Occidentalis Community Science Project: Potential For Population Monitoring, Deborah L. Jaques, Tamara M. Russell, Joseph R. Liebezeit, Anna Weinstein, Richard R. Veit, Daniel Orr, Michael W. Parker, Jim A. Howard, David M. Mazurkiewicz, Daniel W. Anderson, Yuliana Bedolla-Guzmán

Marine Ornithology

From 2016 to 2019, we monitored the distribution, abundance, and age structure of California Brown Pelican Pelecanus occidentalis californicus at nearshore communal roosts along the U.S. West Coast. This effort used “snapshot” surveys during spring and fall, simultaneously engaging up to 111 “community science” participants, i.e., volunteers, on single dates. Volunteers surveyed up to 89 sites and found as many as 22,000 Brown Pelicans. We derived abundance and population structure indices from these data and sought relationships to annual breeding season metrics and large-scale oceanographic indices in the California Current System (CCS). The proportion of immature birds increased during the …

Behavioral Response Of Atlantic Puffins Fratercula Arctica To Marine Heatwaves In The Gulf Of Maine, Usa: A Webcam Study, Julie Wallace, Keenan Yakola, Stephen W. Kress, Donald E. Lyons

Marine Ornithology

We observed a family of Atlantic Puffins Fratercula arctica in a burrow on Seal Island National Wildlife Refuge in the Gulf of Maine, USA, during the 2017-2020 and 2022 breeding seasons. The burrow was equipped with a high-resolution web camera, which allowed 24-hour daily observations. We investigated the impacts of elevated sea surface temperature (SST) and marine heatwaves (MHWs), which are linked to low food availability, on chick provisioning and burrow attendance. In 2017, 2019, 2020, and 2022, the female was the primary provisioner, providing twice as many feedings as the male, and the male was the primary burrow guardian, …

Differing Sex-Related Arrival Of Red Phalaropes Phalaropus Fulicarius At Wintering Grounds In Chile, Yerko A. Vilina, Valeria Sabaj, Paola Sáez, Daniela Leiva-Calderón, Franco Cruz-Jofré

Marine Ornithology

Information is often sparse about whether sex affects arrival of long-distance migratory species at wintering grounds. In this paper we analyze the Red Phalarope Phalaropus fulicarius, a species exhibiting sex-role reversal in its nesting patterns. Between September and December 2005, 166 individuals were found dead along the northern Chile coast, which borders the Humboldt Current. Each individual was tagged, and the date of finding was recorded. Nuclear DNA samples were obtained from 46 individuals and analyzed using a molecular sexing method. Results indicate that females arrived between September and early October, with males appearing in late October. On average, females …

Early Records Of Stones (Gastroliths) In Stomachs Of Antarctic Penguins, Peter D. Shaughnessy

Marine Ornithology

During 1915/16, A. H. Ninnis, on board S/Y Aurora of Shackleton's Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition of 1914-1917, collected penguins and seals to augment food supplies while the ship drifted in pack ice. Ninnis found stones (gastroliths) in 86 of 166 Adelie Penguin Pygoscelis adeliae stomachs (52%); numbers varied from 0 to 38 and averaged 2.1 per bird. He also examined eight Emperor Penguin Aptenodytes forsteri stomachs. Two birds had about a dozen stones each, three had some, and three had none. The function of stones in penguins' stomachs remains unknown, but Ninnis did not consider them essential for digestion.

Seabird Abundance Patterns Along A Sydney–Los Angeles Transect, Christopher D. Mcquaid

Marine Ornithology

Our understanding of seabird occurrence patterns is influenced by the fact that some parts of the ocean are less travelled than others, particularly in the centres of oceanic gyres. During the Transglobe Expedition, the M/V Benjamin Bowring undertook a 34-day crossing of the Pacific Ocean from Sydney to Los Angeles. During the crossing, three one-hour watches were conducted daily (morning, noon, and evening), during which all birds visible from the ship were counted and identified (when possible). Bird counts were extremely low in the central regions of the South and North Pacific gyres, in stark contrast to the elevated counts—by …

First Record Of Lesser Frigatebird Fregata Ariel From Rapa Nui (Easter Island), Matthias D. Dehling

Marine Ornithology

The Lesser Frigatebird Fregata ariel is widespread in the western and central tropical Pacific, where it breeds from Raine Island, Australia, in the west to the Tuamotu Archipelago in the east (Marchant & Higgins, 1990). The non-breeding range is larger, extending northwest to Japan and rarely Russia (Sibley & Clapp, 1967) and northeast, rarely, to the northwest Hawaiian Islands, USA (Pratt et al., 1987), and exceptionally as a vagrant to the continental United States (Howell et al., 2014).