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Discursive And Ideological Issues Foregrounding The Attitudinal Conceptualization Of Yahoo Yahoo (Internet Fraud) In Selected Nigerian Comedy Skits, Temitope Michael Ajayi, Aishat Lare Husseini Dec 2025

Discursive And Ideological Issues Foregrounding The Attitudinal Conceptualization Of Yahoo Yahoo (Internet Fraud) In Selected Nigerian Comedy Skits, Temitope Michael Ajayi, Aishat Lare Husseini

Journal of English and Applied Linguistics

Cybercrime, Yahoo Yahoo in the Nigerian context, has emerged as one of the major issues the global space is currently facing, and as such has received scholarly attention, mostly from the sociological, anthropological, and legal perspectives, but very scant attention from linguistics. From alinguistic perspective, this study thus investigates the discursive-ideological issues foregrounding Nigerians’ attitudinal orientation towards Yahoo Yahoo (Internet Fraud) as portrayed in selected Nigerian comedy skits. Data comprised four purposively selected comedy skits by Lasisi Elenu and Prince Tgb downloaded from their social media pages (YouTube and TikTok). With analytical insight from van Dijk’s socio-cognitive model of ideology, …


Beliefs And Practices Of Filipino Bilingual Senior High School Students On Language Learner Autonomy, Japhet E. Manzano, Zachi Einna R. Orquijo, Giovanni C. Duran Dec 2025

Beliefs And Practices Of Filipino Bilingual Senior High School Students On Language Learner Autonomy, Japhet E. Manzano, Zachi Einna R. Orquijo, Giovanni C. Duran

Journal of English and Applied Linguistics

The concept of learner autonomy (LA) has been investigated mostly from the perspective of language teachers, whereas students’ views regarding this notion have received less attention in recent decades. In line with this, the present study aimed to examine the beliefs and practices of Filipino bilingual senior high school students enrolled in the Humanities and Social Sciences (HumSS) and Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) strands. A total of 148 students from two Philippine public schools in Metro Manila participated in an adapted survey questionnaire containing Likert-scale items on beliefs, desirability, and feasibility of LA, along with an open-ended question …


Alcohol As Food Or Drug? A Comparative Review Of Islamic And Medical Evidence, M. Diaa El-Din H. Farag, Ahmed A. Rawwash, Emad Hussein Ahmed Fathy, Mohamed F.F Bayomy Et.Al. Dec 2025

Alcohol As Food Or Drug? A Comparative Review Of Islamic And Medical Evidence, M. Diaa El-Din H. Farag, Ahmed A. Rawwash, Emad Hussein Ahmed Fathy, Mohamed F.F Bayomy Et.Al.

Saudi Toxicology Journal

Background: This study conducts a comparative analysis of alcohol classification, health effects, and social consequences within Islamic teachings and modern medical science. Objective: To conduct a comparative analysis of Islamic teachings and modern medical approaches regarding alcohol classification, health effects, and social consequences. Methodology: Using a comparative review following PRISMA guidelines, 50 high-quality sources were selected from an initial 892 records for analysis. Results: The findings demonstrate a convergent classification: both paradigms definitively classify alcohol as a harmful substance rather than a food. Islamic law has prohibited alcohol for over 1400 years on the grounds of it impairs cognitive judgment …


Faith’S Midwest Modern Forms: Midcentury Catholic Churches In St. Louis By Murphy And Mackey, Architects, Mary Reid Brunstrom Dec 2025

Faith’S Midwest Modern Forms: Midcentury Catholic Churches In St. Louis By Murphy And Mackey, Architects, Mary Reid Brunstrom

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

This project originated in my research on three modernist churches commissioned by the Catholic Archdiocese of St. Louis from 1948-54 which was then under the progressive leadership of Archbishop (later Cardinal) Joseph E. Ritter. What factors accounted for these unprecedented forms for sacred architecture? The architectural partnership of Murphy and Mackey designed the churches in accordance with the new liturgical reform protocols that were embedded in the designs of the German architect, Rudolf Schwarz and his colleagues and disseminated through Catholic pastors of German origin in the St. Louis parishes. Other strands of modernism were also implicated in Murphy and …


Optimization Of Research Pipeline To Characterize The Effects Of Atp-Sensitive Potassium Channels Mutations On Native Skeletal Muscle Fibers And Evaluate Potential Drug Therapy, Yuezhou Chen Dec 2025

Optimization Of Research Pipeline To Characterize The Effects Of Atp-Sensitive Potassium Channels Mutations On Native Skeletal Muscle Fibers And Evaluate Potential Drug Therapy, Yuezhou Chen

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

The ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel is a critical metabolic sensor in skeletal muscle, yet its definitive molecular composition and functional roles remain contested. In this study, I conclusively demonstrate that the Kir6.2/SUR2 complex forms sarcolemmal KATP channel in mouse fast-twitch muscle. Genetic knock-out (KO) of Kir6.2 (Kcnj11−/−) or SUR2 (Abcc9−/−) resulted in a similar phenotype with increased fatigue resistance and a pathological rise in unstimulated resting tension at high-frequency stimulation. In contrast, SUR1 (Abcc8−/−) KO was ineffective. Furthermore, a CRISPR/Cas9 knock-in mouse model of a human SUR2A truncation variant (KCGV/KCGV) recapitulated the abnormal force accumulation, demonstrating that even loss-of-function of …


Expansion Limits Of Meshed Split-Thickness Skin Grafts, Haomin Yu Dec 2025

Expansion Limits Of Meshed Split-Thickness Skin Grafts, Haomin Yu

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Split-thickness skin grafts are widely used to treat chronic wounds. Procedure design requires surgeons to predict how much a patch of the patient's own skin expands when it is meshed with rows of slits and stretched over a larger wound area. Accurate prediction of graft expansion remains a challenge, with current models overestimating the actual expansion, leading to suboptimal outcomes. Inspired by the principles of mechanical metamaterials, we developed a model that distinguishes between the kinematic rearrangement of structural elements and their stretching, providing a more accurate prediction of skin graft expansion. Our model was validated against extensive data …


Emotional Regulation In Adolescents, Its' Link To Social Media, & Potential Solutions, Jace Burke Dec 2025

Emotional Regulation In Adolescents, Its' Link To Social Media, & Potential Solutions, Jace Burke

Psychology Student Publications

This essay discusses emotional regulation in adolescents, and how social media has significant effects on its development. It also goes over potential solutions on how to fix irregular emotional dysregulation, and how society might be able to help prevent or teach adolescents to adapt emotional regulation to the modern digital landscape.


How Ptsd And Trauma Affect The Brain, Presley Faris Dec 2025

How Ptsd And Trauma Affect The Brain, Presley Faris

Psychology Student Publications

How PTSD and trauma affect our brain function and structure. Kids are affected when they have lived through trauma as well.


Does Sleep Duration Affect Mental Health, Aubrey Aaland Dec 2025

Does Sleep Duration Affect Mental Health, Aubrey Aaland

Psychology Student Publications

Sleep is a critical component of overall health, yet inadequate sleep has become increasingly common, particularly among young adults and college students. This paper explores the relationship between sleep duration and mental health, with specific attention to symptoms of anxiety, depression, and emotional instability. Not enough sleep can heavily impact an individual's mental health. This paper explores the negative effects of inadequate sleep on psychological well-being, focusing on the correlation between reduced sleep duration and increased symptoms of anxiety, depression, and emotional instability. Topics like the importance of sleep, the cycle of sleep and stress, and how it all affects …


Celebrating A Historic Moment. This Is Hotty Toddy., Glenn Boyce Dec 2025

Celebrating A Historic Moment. This Is Hotty Toddy., Glenn Boyce

University of Mississippi News

At the University of Mississippi, we have a history of making history, and right now is no exception with Ole Miss Football in the College Football Playoffs for the first time ever.


Construction Of A Unified Knowledge Graph For Cyber Threat Intelligence, Moaz Usama Hassan Mr, Khaled , Nagaty, Noura Elmaghawry Dec 2025

Construction Of A Unified Knowledge Graph For Cyber Threat Intelligence, Moaz Usama Hassan Mr, Khaled , Nagaty, Noura Elmaghawry

Computer Networks

The rapid expansion and variety of cyber-threat information put enormous pressure on security operations centers (SOCs) that must convert unstructured data into understandable signals and make decisions upon it. This paper develops a Cyber-Threat-Intelligence (CTI) framework that integrates vulnerability information, product inventories, and weakness taxonomies into a domain-specific knowledge graph via automatic fusing. The proposed solution covers 284,296 CVEs, 101,644 CPE identifiers, and 965 CWE weaknesses, generating more than 800,000 typed edges linking threats, assets, tactics, and mitigations in an integrated CTI Knowledge graph. The graph was cross validated against four external standard datasets achieves full coverage of ATT&CK CAPEC, …


The Play Cycle, Outside School Hours Care And Autistic Children, Jennifer Cartmel, Fiona Mackay Dec 2025

The Play Cycle, Outside School Hours Care And Autistic Children, Jennifer Cartmel, Fiona Mackay

International Journal of Playwork Practice

Autistic children use Outside School Hours Care Services (OSHC) on a regular basis. However, they experience many barriers to a fully inclusive experience. This study examined whether the use of the Play Cycle (King, 2020) held any value as a means of reducing those barriers to access. Four educators from an OSHC service in Brisbane, South East Queensland, Australia who were using the Play Cycle and Play Cycle Observation Method in their practice were interviewed to gain their perspectives on the ways in which the play cycle was valuable to them when working with autistic children. The responses were analysed …


Teachers’ Views About School Playtime: A Systematic Literature Review, Misbah Khan, Cathy Atkinson Dec 2025

Teachers’ Views About School Playtime: A Systematic Literature Review, Misbah Khan, Cathy Atkinson

International Journal of Playwork Practice

School playtime exists in varying forms across the world, and there is an extensive evidence-base pointing to its beneficial effects on children. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) recognises these benefits and provides clear guidance to international organisations, including schools, on protecting children’s right to play. However, legislative and societal pressures have led to teacher practices which facilitate the erosion of school playtime. Teachers’ beliefs and their practices are considered to be interlinked and therefore the aim of this systematic literature review is to consolidate existing research on teachers’ views about playtime and consider how …


Pioneering Insights Into The Complexities Of Salt-Sensitive Hypertension: Central Nervous System Mechanisms And Dietary Bioactive Compound Interventions, Renjun Wang, Bo Xu, Xiping Liu, Qi Guo, Gregory Miodonski, Zhiying Shan, Dongshu Du, Qing Hui Chen Dec 2025

Pioneering Insights Into The Complexities Of Salt-Sensitive Hypertension: Central Nervous System Mechanisms And Dietary Bioactive Compound Interventions, Renjun Wang, Bo Xu, Xiping Liu, Qi Guo, Gregory Miodonski, Zhiying Shan, Dongshu Du, Qing Hui Chen

Michigan Tech Publications

Salt-sensitive hypertension (SSH) is an important and common subtype of hypertension, whose pathogenesis involves multi-level regulation, including the central nervous system (CNS), metabolic stress, and epigenetics. Dietary bioactive compounds have emerged as a research hotspot for SSH intervention due to their safety and multi-target effects. Although existing studies have focused on the CNS regulation of SSH or the role of individual dietary components, there is a lack of comprehensive analysis integrating multiple mechanisms, systematically summarizing multiple compounds, and incorporating a clinical translation perspective. This review first outlines the mechanisms of CNS pathways, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and epigenetic …


Minutes From December 17 2025, University Senate Dec 2025

Minutes From December 17 2025, University Senate

University Senate Minutes

Minutes from December 17 2025 University Senate Meeting


Unraveling The Drivers Of Inequality In Maternal Healthcare Utilization In Indonesia: A Decomposition Analysis, Wji Wahyuningsih, Kemal N. Siregar, Syifa Nurhakiki Dec 2025

Unraveling The Drivers Of Inequality In Maternal Healthcare Utilization In Indonesia: A Decomposition Analysis, Wji Wahyuningsih, Kemal N. Siregar, Syifa Nurhakiki

Jurnal Ekonomi Kesehatan Indonesia

This study assessed socioeconomic inequalities in maternal healthcare utilization in Indonesia and identifies key factors driving these inequalities. We used data from 2013 and 2023 Indonesian Health Surveys, comprised of a total unweighted sample of 15,638 and 9,923 women aged 15-49 in the 2013 and 2023, respectively. Concentration index (CI) measured wealth-based inequality, and decomposition analysis identified primary drivers of inequalities in maternal healthcare access. Overall maternal healthcare service utilization has increased, but significant inequalities persist. Antenatal care showed minimal improvement, with the CI rising from 0.059 to 0.079, indicating a persistent higher socioeconomic distribution. Facility-based deliveries improved, with the …


Acer 2024-2025 Annual Report, Australian Council For Educational Research (Acer) Dec 2025

Acer 2024-2025 Annual Report, Australian Council For Educational Research (Acer)

ACER Annual Reports

For more than 95 years, ACER has been driven by a single purpose – to improve learning for all. Founded in 1930, ACER began as a small team of researchers determined to bring rigour and evidence to education and assessment. Over the decades, that commitment has evolved into a global mission – combining world-class assessment and research to help learners, educators and systems understand what works in education, and why.


The ‘For Youth’ Page: Analyzing Tiktok Content Feeds For College-Aged Users, Hadiyah Mohamed Dec 2025

The ‘For Youth’ Page: Analyzing Tiktok Content Feeds For College-Aged Users, Hadiyah Mohamed

Honors College Theses

This study analyzes the content college-aged users encounter on TikTok’s “For You” page to understand the ways platform design and user-generated content shape prolonged engagement. Existing research frames doomscrolling largely as a compulsive behavior driven by algorithmic design, often overlooking the role of content itself and why it resonates with young adults. Through qualitative content analysis, 150 videos were collected across three TikTok accounts: scrolling from a personal account, a neutral new account, and a new account under the #CollegeTok tag. Videos were rigorously coded in a spreadsheet for narrative descriptions, topics, captions, hashtags, and tone to capture the themes …


Surgical Revision In The Presence Of An S. Aureus Infection Increases Virulence Factor Expression And Activates A Multi-Tissue Inflammatory Response, Carly J. Smith, Arianna J. Moniodes, Amanda R. Watkins, Autumn G. Melvage, Thomas P. Thompson, Eirene Choi, Abigail A. Lucas, Brendan F. Gilmore, Thomas P. Schaer, Noreen J. Hickok, Theresa A. Freeman Dec 2025

Surgical Revision In The Presence Of An S. Aureus Infection Increases Virulence Factor Expression And Activates A Multi-Tissue Inflammatory Response, Carly J. Smith, Arianna J. Moniodes, Amanda R. Watkins, Autumn G. Melvage, Thomas P. Thompson, Eirene Choi, Abigail A. Lucas, Brendan F. Gilmore, Thomas P. Schaer, Noreen J. Hickok, Theresa A. Freeman

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty Papers

Replacing implanted medical hardware due to infection often requires one or more revision surgeries. Each surgery triggers a tissue injury response and disrupts the established bacterial biofilm. However, the complex tissue response to reinjury and biofilm disturbance is not well understood. Our results show that with an existing infection, immunological niches such as the bone marrow, lymph nodes, and circulating blood further upregulate pro-inflammatory programs in response to revision. Rather than reducing bacterial burden, this heightened inflammation provokes virulence factor expression and tissue damage, including bone osteolysis and muscle fibrosis. While muscle fibrosis appears transient and begins resolving by 14 …


On Lethality: Toward A More Complete Definition And Formation Of The Lethality Framework, John M. Hinck, Robert S. Hinck, Jayson A. Altieri, David R. Jarnot Dec 2025

On Lethality: Toward A More Complete Definition And Formation Of The Lethality Framework, John M. Hinck, Robert S. Hinck, Jayson A. Altieri, David R. Jarnot

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

This article argues lethality should be conceptualized as a holistic and regenerative process in which adversarial militaries prepare for, adapt to, and sustain the application of force in conflict. Whereas the literature on lethality is widening to include the human war fighter, attempts to define and measure lethality have proven problematic—a struggle this article seeks to remedy. Drawing on historical, doctrinal, and interdisciplinary perspectives, the authors argue that lethality includes the capacity to kill and elements of learning and adaptation. The proposed lethality framework offers policy and military practitioners a model for assessing and operationalizing lethality in military education, leadership …


Equipping The Church For Inclusion: Developing Training Strategies To Implement Accessible And Disability-Inclusive Ministry Practices, Allison Weinand Dec 2025

Equipping The Church For Inclusion: Developing Training Strategies To Implement Accessible And Disability-Inclusive Ministry Practices, Allison Weinand

Dissertations, Theses, and Projects

Abstract

Individuals with disabilities are active and present members of society and deserve to be included in faith communities. One in four Americans and nearly one billion individuals worldwide are impacted by a disability (World Health Organization, 2023). Despite this, churches often fail to provide meaningful inclusion, as 90–95% of individuals with disabilities have no access to the gospel through in-person church services (Scheuermann, 2021). While many congregations intend to be welcoming, they frequently lack the training, resources, and adaptable materials necessary to implement inclusive ministry practices. Research highlights persistent barriers, including limited leader preparation, insufficient volunteer guidance, and inaccessible …


Using Overcoming Obstacles Curriculum To Improve Social Emotional Skills In Elementary Students, Tessa Lynne Large Dec 2025

Using Overcoming Obstacles Curriculum To Improve Social Emotional Skills In Elementary Students, Tessa Lynne Large

Dissertations, Theses, and Projects

Social emotional learning (SEL) skills are important for children for success in schools as they have been shown to improve academics, and success in life. Children can struggle with SEL skills for a variety of reasons. SEL programs in schools are designed to help improve skills such as self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship skills, and responsible decision making. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of a SEL curriculum, Overcoming Obstacles, to improve SEL skills in three 1st grade students. These students were identified as needing extra support with following schoolwide expectations. This intervention was implemented …


Implementing Controls To Mitigate The 2013 Target Data Breach: A Cost Benefit Analysis, Pricilia R. Fajong Dec 2025

Implementing Controls To Mitigate The 2013 Target Data Breach: A Cost Benefit Analysis, Pricilia R. Fajong

Dissertations, Theses, and Projects

In 2013 Target had a data breach, which compromised 40 million credit/debit card accounts and 70 million customer records. The attackers exploited a vulnerability in a third-party vendor (Fazio Mechanical Services), to gain access to Target's systems. The breach cost Target over $250 Million (USD) in legal fees, investigation expenses, and reputational damage (Jones, 2025). Based on inflation rate, the 2013 Target data breach would cost over $340 Million (USD) today. In this study, a cost-benefit analysis was done to determine whether it would have been more cost-effective for Target to have invested in security controls rather than paying for …


Lindenwood Digest, December 17, 2025, Lindenwood University Dec 2025

Lindenwood Digest, December 17, 2025, Lindenwood University

Lindenwood Digest

The December 17, 2025, edition of the Lindenwood University Employee Digest provides essential year-end updates and preparation instructions for the upcoming winter break. Key highlights include:

  • Campus Operations: Instructions for winterizing workspaces include setting thermostats to 67 degrees and ensuring all electronics are powered down. Updated winter break hours are provided for campus facilities such as the Evans Rec Center and Library Services.

  • Upcoming Programs: The Lindenwood Learning Academy has opened registration for Spring 2026 Teaching Squares and Professional Learning Communities, with a sign-up deadline of January 14, 2026.

  • Community News: The Communications team announced a new monthly newsletter for …


Dnp Final Report: Hypertension Education In The Primary Care Setting, Michelle L. Sanders Dec 2025

Dnp Final Report: Hypertension Education In The Primary Care Setting, Michelle L. Sanders

DNP Final Reports

Background: Hypertension is a significant concern at the global, national, and local levels. If left untreated or improperly managed, it can result in severe health issues. Many patients in primary care settings have difficulty controlling their hypertension, which can lead to significant complications.

Practice question: What strategies can be implemented to help patients in primary care manage their hypertension more effectively?

PICOT: For patients age 18+ in a rural primary care clinic (P), how does the use of an education pamphlet (I) compared to no pamphlet use (C) affect patient management of hypertension(O) in three months? (T)

Body of …


Microbial Communities Of Selected Regions Of The Deep Springs Lake Aquifer System, Rania Zaki, Emma Bourne, Andrew Storino, Jay Nadeau Dec 2025

Microbial Communities Of Selected Regions Of The Deep Springs Lake Aquifer System, Rania Zaki, Emma Bourne, Andrew Storino, Jay Nadeau

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Deep Springs Lake is a small, isolated, highly alkaline soda lake in Inyo County of Eastern California, USA. It is a seasonally filled salt lake or playa, and is part of a closed aquifer system. Such closed systems are globally rare, occurring only in arid zones where annual evaporation is greater than annual rainfall. Deep Springs Lake’s hydrology and geology have been well studied, and it is home to a unique toad species, but its microbiome remains unexplored. Here we perform 16S, 18S, and ITS amplicon sequencing of the lake water, dried salt crust at the edges the lake, and …


Beyond The Standard: A Sociolectal And Probabilistic Turn In Philippine English Phonology, Teri An Joy G. Magpale Dec 2025

Beyond The Standard: A Sociolectal And Probabilistic Turn In Philippine English Phonology, Teri An Joy G. Magpale

Journal of English and Applied Linguistics

This article advocates for probabilistic approaches as a key framework for understanding Philippine English (PhE) phonology, arguing that they reveal socially conditioned variation that traditional descriptive models overlook. Tracing five decades of research, it critiques early standardization efforts and studies centered on scripted speech and elite norms, and highlights the sociolectal turn initiated by Tayao (2004). The discussion foregrounds recent methods that combine instrumental phonetics with constraint-based frameworks, including Optimality Theory (OT) and Maximum Entropy grammar (MaxEnt), to model gradient variation across acrolectal, mesolectal, and basilectal speakers. By synthesizing findings on segmental features, phonotactic patterns, and speech rhythm, the article …


Top-Ranking Grammatical Keyword In Hong Kong English, Chi Wui Ng Dec 2025

Top-Ranking Grammatical Keyword In Hong Kong English, Chi Wui Ng

Journal of English and Applied Linguistics

Most grammar research of Hong Kong English has been conducted from perspectives of error analysis and interlanguage studies. The present corpus-based study investigates the top-ranking grammatical keyword in Hong Kong English in relation to other English varieties to identify one-of-a-kind morphosyntactic attributes of Hong Kong English systematically. The grammatical keyword with the highest keyness in the Hong Kong component of the International Corpus of English was identified through comparison with a reference corpus comprising six other components of the corpus with the corpus analysis software WordSmith 5.0. The modal auxiliary verb “will” was identified as the top-ranking grammatical keyword in …


Employees’ Perceptions Of Leaders’ Diversity Training For Supporting Organizational Equity, Michelle L. Burchfield Dec 2025

Employees’ Perceptions Of Leaders’ Diversity Training For Supporting Organizational Equity, Michelle L. Burchfield

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Despite growing organizational attention to diversity, equity, and inclusion, some workplaces continued to struggle with embedding equitable practices. The research problem addressed in this study focused on understanding how employees perceived leaders’ diversity training and its effectiveness in supporting organizational equity. The purpose of this qualitative interpretative phenomenological study was to explore employees’ perspectives of leadership diversity training and its role in supporting organizational equity. Behavioral leadership theory and critical race theory grounded this study. The participants consisted of 10 employees with experience in leadership diversity training in Kentucky, Ohio, and Indiana. Data were collected using semistructured interviews. Seven most …


Reducing The Use Of Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents In Hemodialysis Patients, Myriamme Neree Dec 2025

Reducing The Use Of Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents In Hemodialysis Patients, Myriamme Neree

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This Doctor of Nursing Practice project was a quality improvement (QI) initiative. Nephrologists were inconsistent in ordering iron studies and sometimes delayed the initiation of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) on admission to the inpatient site. These delays often led to suboptimal outcomes. The practice-focused question guiding the project asked whether a nurse-driven iron protocol would improve adherence to anemia management guidelines. The project’s purpose was to evaluate the impact of the evidence-based nurse-driven protocol. I used descriptive and inferential statistics for data analysis. Findings demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in the timely completion of iron studies and in intravenous (IV) iron …